US 20130251466A1

( 19 ) United Sta tes

( 12) Pa tent Applica tion Publica tion ( 10) Pub. N o. : US 2013/0251466 A1
Ra o et a l. ( 43) Pub. D a te: Sep. 26, 2013
( 54) IN D EXABLE MILLIN G IN SERT Publica tion C la s s i? ca tion
( 7 1) Applica nts z K . V is W es W a r a Ra o, Ba ng a lor e ( IN ) ; ( 51) Int. C l.
Sh a r a th Sh a nk er eg ow da , Ba ng a lor e B23C 5/20 ( 2006. 01)
( IN ) ; Sh r eela k s h m i K r is h neg ow da , ( 52) US, C l,
Ba ng a lor e ( IN ) C PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B23C 5/207 ( 2013. 01)
USPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 /113
( 7 2) Inv entor s : K . V is W es W a r a Ra o, Ba ng a lor e ( IN ) ;
Sh a r a th Sh a nk er eg ow da , Ba ng a lor e ( 57 ) ABSTRAC T
S22 s lh r eela k s h m l K ns h neg ow da An index a ble m illing ins er t com pr is ing a poly g ona l s h a ped
g a or e ( IN ) . .
body h a v m g a n upper s ur f a ce, a loW er s ur f a ce a nd s ide s ur
( 21) APPL N O. 13/7 8 7 , 9 8 8 f a ces . Th e upper s ur f a ce includes a per iph er a l la nd inter s ect
ing th e s ide s ur f a ces h a s a pr edeter m ined W idth ( a ) s loping
( 22) F iled; Ma n 7 , 2013 doW nW a r d a t a pr edeter m ined a ng le Q ( ) . A s uppor t- f a ce pla
tea ux ex tending f r om a n end of th e per iph er a l la nd up to a ch ip
( 30) F or eig n Applica tion Pr ior ity D a ta s h a ping s ur f a ce h a s a pr edeter m ined a ng le. Th e a ng le ( X) of
th e per iph er a l la nd is m or e pos itiv e th a n th e a ng le ( Y ) of th e
Ma r . 20, 2012 ( IN ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009 /C HE/2012 s uppor t f a ce pla tea ux .
Pa tent Applica tion Publica tion Sep. 26, 2013 Sh eet 1 0f 2 US 2013/0251466 A1
F ig ur e 1
F ig ur e 2
Pa tent Applica tion Publica tion Sep. 26, 2013 Sh eet 2 0f 2 US 2013/0251466 A1
F ig ur e 3
US 2013/0251466 A1
IN D EXABLE MILLIN G IN SERT
F IELD OF THE IN V EN TION
[ 0001] Th e pr es ent dis clos ur e r ela tes to a n index a ble m ill
ing ins er t a nd m or e pa r ticula r ly r ela tes to th e la nd a ng le a nd
topog r a ph y of th e m illing ins er t, W h er ein th e la nd a ng le h a s
m or e pos itiv e a ng le th a n th e topog r a ph y a ng le.
BAC K GROUN D OF THE IN V EN TION
[ 0002] C utting ins er ts us ed in m illing , dr illing , tur ning etc
need to h a v e a pr oper topog r a ph y or entr y a ng le a long W ith
th e r ig h t s lope f or th e la nd W ith a n ex a ct la nd a ng le. Ex is ting
tech nolog y h a s la nd a ng le W h ich is neg a tiv e or les s pos itiv e
th a n th e topog r a ph y or entr y a ng le. Th is k ind of a r r a ng em ent
in th e ins er t r es ults in th ick er ch ip f or m a tion a nd r eq uir es
h ig h er cutting f or ces W h ich in tur n cr ea tes m or e s tr uctur a l
a nd th er m a l loa ding on th e cutting edg e of th e ins er t. Th is
ca us es th e ins er t to h ea t up a nd r educes th e tool lif e of th e
ins er t.
[ 0003] Ex is ting ins er ts W ith th e a bov e s a id con? g ur a tion
lea ds to les s er s h ea r pla ne a ng le in th e pr im a r y s h ea r def or
m a tion Z one of th e W or k m a ter ia l r es ulting in th ick er ch ip
f or m a tion of th e W or k m a ter ia l dur ing th e cutting pr oces s . By
incr ea s ing th e s h ea r pla ne a ng le, les s f or ce is r eq uir ed to cut
th e m a ter ia l. In th e conv entiona l neg a tiv e or les s er pos itiv e
s loped la nd is f olloW ed by a m or e pos itiv e s loped topog r a ph y .
N eg a tiv e or les s pos itiv e s loped la nd com pa r ed to h ig h pos i
tiv e s loped topog r a ph y h a s h ig h er s tr eng th but lea ds to s ev er e
loa ding on th e cutting edg e both s tr uctur a lly a nd th er m a lly
a nd r es ulting in h ig h er W ea r on th e cutting edg e th us r educing
th e lif e of th e cutting edg e.
[ 0004] Hence, th er e ex is ts a need to dev elop topog r a ph y to
pr ov ide a la nd a ng le Q ( ) W h ich is m or e pos itiv e W h en com
pa r ed to th e s uppor t- f a ce pla tea ux a ng le ( Y ) . Th is con? g ur a
tion r es ults in h ig h er s h ea r pla ne a ng le, th inner ch ip f or m a
tion, les s er cutting f or ces a nd les s er h ea t g ener a tion.
SUMMARY OF THE IN V EN TION
[ 0005] Th e s h or tcom ing s of th e pr ior a r t a r e ov er com e a nd
a dditiona l a dv a nta g es a r e pr ov ided th r oug h th e pr ov is ion a s
cla im ed in th e pr es ent dis clos ur e. Additiona l f ea tur es a nd
a dv a nta g es a r e r ea liZ ed th r oug h th e tech niq ues of th e pr es ent
dis clos ur e. Oth er em bodim ents a nd a s pects of th e dis clos ur e
a r e des cr ibed in deta il h er ein a nd a r e cons ider ed a pa r t of th e
cla im ed dis clos ur e.
[ 0006] In a n em bodim ent of th e dis clos ur e a n index a ble
m illing ins er t is dis clos ed W h er ein, a poly g ona l s h a ped body
h a v ing a n upper s ur f a ce, a loW er s ur f a ce a nd s ide s ur f a ces
f or m ing th e ins er t body . Th e upper s ur f a ce is ch a r a cter iz ed
into a per iph er a l la nd W h ich inter s ects th e s ide s ur f a ces h a v
ing a pr edeter m ined W idth a nd a s lope s loping doW nW a r d a t a
pr edeter m ined a ng le. A s uppor t- f a ce pla tea ux h a v ing a pr e
deter m ined a ng le ex tends f r om th e end of th e per iph er a l la nd
till th e s ta r t of th e elev a ted s lope a nd th e a ng le of th e per iph
er a l la nd is m or e pos itiv e com pa r ed to th e a ng le of s uppor t
f a ce pla tea ux .
[ 0007 ] In a n em bodim ent of th e dis clos ur e a n index a ble
m illing ins er t is dis clos ed, W h er ein W idth of th e per iph er a l
la nd f r om th e tip of th e cutting edg e to th e s ta r t of th e s uppor t
f a ce pla tea ux r a ng es f r om a bout 0. 001 to 0. 5 m m .
[ 0008 ] In a n em bodim ent of th e dis clos ur e a n index a ble
m illing ins er t is dis clos ed, W h er ein a ng le of th e per iph er a l
Sep. 26, 2013
la nd r es ults in h ig h er s h ea r pla ne a ng le in pr im a r y s h ea r
def or m a tion Z one of W or k m a ter ia l.
[ 0009 ] In a n em bodim ent of th e dis clos ur e a n index a ble
m illing ins er t is dis clos ed, W h er ein les s er pos itiv e a ng le
r es ults in better dis tr ibution of s tr uctur a l, th er m a l loa ding a nd
tem per a tur e g r a dients in th e m illing ins er t.
[ 0010] Th e f or eg oing s um m a r y is illus tr a tiv e only a nd is
not intended to be in a ny W a y lim iting . In a ddition to th e
illus tr a tiv e a s pects , em bodim ents , a nd f ea tur es des cr ibed
a bov e, f ur th er a s pects , em bodim ents , a nd f ea tur es W ill
becom e a ppa r ent by r ef er ence to th e dr a W ing s a nd th e f ol
loW ing deta iled des cr iption.
BRIEF D ESC RIPTION OF THE D RAW IN GS
[ 0011] Th e nov el f ea tur es a nd ch a r a cter is tic of th e dis clo
s ur e a r e s et f or th in th e a ppended cla im s . Th e dis clos ur e its elf ,
h oW ev er , a s W ell a s a pr ef er r ed m ode of us e, f ur th er obj ectiv es
a nd a dv a nta g es th er eof , W ill bes t be under s tood by r ef er ence
to th e f olloW ing deta iled des cr iption of a n illus tr a tiv e
em bodim ent W h en r ea d in conj unction W ith th e a ccom pa ny
ing ? g ur es . One or m or e em bodim ents a r e noW des cr ibed, by
W a y of ex a m ple only , W ith r ef er ence to th e a ccom pa ny ing
? g ur es W h er ein lik e r ef er ence num er a ls r epr es ent lik e ele
m ents a nd in W h ich :
[ 0012] F IGS. 1 a nd Z iillus tr a tes cut s ectiona l v ieW of th e
ins er t s h oW ing la nd a ng le a nd topog r a ph y or entr y a ng le.
[ 0013] F IG. 3iillus tr a tes top v ieW , s ide v ieW a nd top per
s pectiv e v ieW of th e index a ble m illing ins er t.
[ 0014] Th e ? g ur es depict em bodim ents of th e dis clos ur e
f or pur pos es of illus tr a tion only . One s k illed in th e a r t W ill
r ea dily r ecog niZ e f r om th e f olloW ing des cr iption th a t a ltem a
tiv e em bodim ents of th e s tr uctur es a nd m eth ods illus tr a ted
h er ein m a y be em ploy ed W ith out depa r ting f r om th e pr in
ciples of th e dis clos ur e des cr ibed h er ein.
D ETAILED D ESC RIPTION OF THE IN V EN TION
[ 0015] Th e f or eg oing h a s br oa dly outlined th e f ea tur es a nd
tech nica l a dv a nta g es of th e pr es ent dis clos ur e in or der th a t th e
deta iled des cr iption of th e dis clos ur e th a t f olloW s m a y be
better under s tood. Additiona l f ea tur es a nd a dv a nta g es of th e
dis clos ur e W ill be des cr ibed h er eina f ter W h ich f or m th e s ub
j ect of th e cla im s of th e dis clos ur e. It s h ouldbe a ppr ecia ted by
th os e s k illed in th e a r t th a t th e conception a nd s peci? c
em bodim ent dis clos ed m a y be r ea dily utiliZ ed a s a ba s is f or
m odif y ing or des ig ning oth er s tr uctur es f or ca r r y ing out th e
s a m e pur pos es of th e pr es ent dis clos ur e. It s h ould a ls o be
r ea liZ ed by th os e s k illed in th e a r t th a t s uch eq uiv a lent con
s tr uctions do not depa r t f r om th e s pir it a nd s cope of th e
dis clos ur e a s s et f or th in th e a ppended cla im s . Th e nov el
f ea tur es W h ich a r e believ ed to be ch a r a cter is tic of th e dis clo
s ur e, both a s to its or g a niZ a tion a nd m eth od of oper a tion,
tog eth er W ith f ur th er obj ects a nd a dv a nta g es W ill be better
under s tood f r om th e f olloW ing des cr iption W h en cons ider ed
in connection W ith th e a ccom pa ny ing ? g ur es . It is to be
ex pr es s ly under s tood, h oW ev er , th a t ea ch of th e ? g ur es is
pr ov ided f or th e pur pos e of illus tr a tion a nd des cr iption only
a nd is not intended a s a de? nition of th e lim its of th e pr es ent
dis clos ur e. It W ill be r ea dily under s tood th a t th e a s pects of th e
pr es ent dis clos ur e, a s g ener a lly des cr ibed h er ein, a nd illus
tr a ted in th e ? g ur es , ca n be a r r a ng ed, s ubs tituted, com bined,
a nd des ig ned in a W ide v a r iety of dif f er ent con? g ur a tions , a ll
of W h ich a r e ex plicitly contem pla ted a nd m a k e pa r t of th is
dis clos ur e.
US 2013/0251466 A1
[ 001 6] Ref er r ing noW to th e dr a w ing s W h er ein th e dr a w ing s
a r e f or th e pur pos e of illus tr a ting a ex em pla r y em bodim ent of
th e dis clos ur e only , a nd not f or th e pur pos e of lim iting th e
s a m e.
[ 0017 ] F IGS. 1 a nd 2 is a n ex em pla r y em bodim ent of th e
dis clos ur e a nd illus tr a tes cut s ectiona l v ieW of a n poly g ona l
s h a ped body index a ble m illing ins er t, th e ins er t s h oW ing th e
pa r ts of a n ins er t, th e ins er t h a s a n upper s ur f a ce ( 1) , a loW er
s ur f a ce ( 2) a nd s ide s ur f a ces ( 3) . Th e upper s ur f a ce ( 1) of th e
index a ble m illing ins er t h a s a cutting edg e tip ( 8 ) W h ich cuts
th r oug h th e W or k piece in th e f or m of m eta l ch ips . Th e tip of
cutting edg e ( 8 ) h a s a per iph er a l la nd ( 4) W h ich is s lopped
doW nW a r d f r om th e tip of th e cutting edg e ( 8 ) to th e s ta r t of
th e s uppor t- f a ce pla tea ux ( 5) . Th e s lope of th e per iph er a l la nd
( 4) is a ng led a t a pr ede? ned a ng le a nd is ca lled a s th e la nd
a ng le Q ( ) . Th e la nd a ng le ( X) is a m or e pos itiv e a ng le W h en
com pa r ed to th e s uppor t- f a ce pla tea ux a ng le ( Y ) a s a g a ins t to
th e s ta nda r d or conv entiona l ins er t. Th e per iph er a l la nd ( 4)
h a s a de? ned W idth ( a ) a nd r a ng es in m illim etr es f r om a bout
0. 001 to 0. 5 m m . Th e per iph er a l la nd a ng le Q i) is th e m os t
cr ucia l pa r t of th e ins er t a nd th e per iph er a l la nd a ng le ( X)
r a ng es f r om a bout 0 l" to 33 . Th e s uppor t- f a ce pla tea ux ( 5)
s tr uctur a lly a nd th er m a lly h elp dis tr ibute th e s ev er e loa ding
f a ctor s occur r ing on th e tip of cutting edg e ( 8 ) . Th e s ev er e
loa ding on th e tip of cutting edg e ( 8 ) lea ds to decr ea s ed tool
lif e of th e ins er t. Th e elev a ted s lope ( 7 ) s ta r ts f r om th e end of
th e s uppor t- f a ce pla tea ux ( 5) a nd s lopes upW a r d up to th e tip
of th e ch ip- s h a ping elem ent ( 6) pr es ent on th e upper deck of
th e ins er t. Th e a ng le ( Y ) is les s pos itiv e W h en com pa r ed to th e
per iph er a l la nd a ng le Q i) a nd r a ng es f r om a bout 00 to 32 59 " .
Th e s uppor t- f a ce pla tea ux ( 5) a nd its cor r es ponding a ng le ( Y )
h a v e les s er pos itiv e s loped topog r a ph y h elps in better dis tr i
bution of s tr uctur a l a nd th er m a l loa ding lea ding to les s er
s tr es s a nd tem per a tur e g r a dients in th e cutting ins er t. Th e
topog r a ph y des ig n in th e pr es ent dis clos ur e h a s s lope of th e
per iph er a l la nd ( X) m or e pos itiv e W h en com pa r ed to th e
s uppor t- f a ce pla tea ux a ng le ( Y ) . Hig h er pos itiv e s loped la nd
r es ults in h ig h er s h ea r pla ne a ng le in th e pr im a r y s h ea r def or
m a tion Z one of th e W or k m a ter ia l. Th is h ig h er s h ea r pla ne
a ng le lea ds to f or m a tion of th inner ch ips . Th e th inner ch ip
lea ds to les s er cutting f or ces a nd les s er s tr uctur a l loa ding on
th e tip of cutting edg e ( 8 ) .
[ 0018 ] F IGS. 3a , 3b a nd 3c is a n ex em pla r y em bodim ent of
th e dis clos ur e a nd illus tr a tes th e top v ieW , s ide v ieW a nd top
per s pectiv e v ieW of th e m illing ins er t. Th e top v ieW s h oW s th e
s ide s ur f a ces ( 3) of th e m illing ins er t, th e top per s pectiv e v ieW
s h oW s th e upper s ur f a ce ( 1) of th e index a ble m illing ins er t,
W h ich s h a pes th e ch ips dur ing m a ch ining pr oces s . F IG. 30
illus tr a tes th e upper s ur f a ce ( 1) a nd loW er s ur f a ce of th e
index a ble m illing ins er t.
[ 0019 ]
[ 0020] Th e W or k r eq uir ed to s h ea r th e W or k m a ter ia l is les s
lea ding to les s er h ea t g ener a tion dur ing cutting pr oces s .
Hig h er s h ea r pla ne a ng le lea ds to les s er tool/ch ip inter f a ce
conta ct leng th , les s er s tick ing / s liding f r iction r es ulting in
les s er inter f a ce tem per a tur e a nd th us les s er W ea r on th e cut
ting edg e. Inter f a ce conta ct leng th is g r ea tly r educed a nd
s ur f a ce integ r ity of m a ch ined s ur f a ce ca n be a ch iev ed due to
th is . Ba s ed on th e m a ch ining conditions th e W idth of th e la nd
( a ) ca n be optim iZ ed, pr oper la nd W idth a long W ith th e com
bina tion of a ng les r es ults in better ch ip contr ol.
Adv a nta g es
Sep. 26, 2013
[ 0021] Ref er ence N um er a ls
X La nd Ang le
Y Suppor t- f a ce pla tea ux a ng le
a Per iph er a l la nd W idth
1 Upper s ur f a ce
2 LoW er s ur f a ce
3 Side s ur f a ces
4 Per iph er a l la nd
5 Suppor t- f a ce pla tea ux
6 C h ip s h a ping s ur f a ce
7 Elev a ted s lope
8 Tip of cutting edg e
[ 0022] Eq uiv a lents
[ 0023] W ith r es pect to th e us e of s ubs ta ntia lly a ny plur a l
a nd/or s ing ula r ter m s h er ein, th os e h a v ing s k ill in th e a r t ca n
tr a ns la te f r om th e plur a l to th e s ing ula r a nd/or f r om th e s in
g ula r to th e plur a l a s is a ppr opr ia te to th e contex t a nd/or
a pplica tion. Th e v a r ious s ing ula r /plur a l per m uta tions m a y be
ex pr es s ly s et f or th h er ein f or s a k e of cla r ity .
[ 0024] It W ill be under s tood by th os e W ith in th e a r t th a t, in
g ener a l, ter m s us ed h er ein, a nd es pecia lly in th e a ppended
cla im s ( e. g . , bodies of th e a ppended cla im s ) a r e g ener a lly
intended a s open ter m s ( e. g . , th e ter m including s h ould
be inter pr eted a s including but not lim ited to, th e ter m
h a v ing s h ould be inter pr eted a s h a v ing a t lea s t, th e ter m
includes s h ould be inter pr eted a s includes but is not lim
ited to, etc. ) . It W ill be f ur th er under s tood by th os e W ith in th e
a r t th a t if a s peci? c num ber of a n intr oduced cla im r ecita tion
is intended, s uch a n intent W ill be ex plicitly r ecited in th e
cla im , a nd in th e a bs ence of s uch r ecita tion no s uch intent is
pr es ent. F or ex a m ple, a s a n a id to under s ta nding , th e f olloW
ing a ppended cla im s m a y conta in us a g e of th e intr oductor y
ph r a s es a t lea s t one a nd one or m or e to intr oduce cla im
r ecita tions . HoW ev er , th e us e of s uch ph r a s es s h ould not be
cons tr ued to im ply th a t th e intr oduction of a cla im r ecita tion
by th e inde? nite a r ticles a or a n lim its a ny pa r ticula r
cla im conta ining s uch intr oduced cla im r ecita tion to inv en
tions conta ining only one s uch r ecita tion, ev en W h en th e s a m e
cla im includes th e intr oductor y ph r a s es one or m or e or a t
lea s t one a nd inde? nite a r ticles s uch a s a or a n ( e. g . , a
a nd/or a n s h ould ty pica lly be inter pr eted to m ea n a t lea s t
one or one or m or e ) ; th e s a m e h olds tr ue f or th e us e of
de? nite a r ticles us ed to intr oduce cla im r ecita tions . In a ddi
tion, ev en if a s peci? c num ber of a n intr oduced cla im r ecita
tion is ex plicitly r ecited, th os e s k illed in th e a r t W ill r ecog niZ e
th a t s uch r ecita tion s h ould ty pica lly be inter pr eted to m ea n a t
lea s t th e r ecited num ber ( e. g . , th e ba r e r ecita tion of tW o
r ecita tions , W ith out oth er m odi? er s , ty pica lly m ea ns a t lea s t
tW o r ecita tions , or tW o or m or e r ecita tions ) . F ur th er m or e, in
th os e ins ta nces W h er e a conv ention a na log ous to a t lea s t one
of A, B, a nd C , etc. is us ed, in g ener a l s uch a cons tr uction is
intended in th e s ens e one h a v ing s k ill in th e a r t W ould under
s ta nd th e conv ention ( e. g . , a s y s tem h a v ing a t lea s t one of A,
B, a nd C W ould include but not be lim ited to s y s tem s th a t
h a v e A a lone, B a lone, C a lone, A a nd B tog eth er , A a nd C
tog eth er , B a nd C tog eth er , a nd/ or A, B, a nd C tog eth er , etc. ) .
In th os e ins ta nces W h er e a conv ention a na log ous to a t lea s t
one of A, B, or C , etc. is us ed, in g ener a l s uch a cons tr uction
is intended in th e s ens e one h a v ing s k ill in th e a r t W ould
under s ta nd th e conv ention ( e. g . , a s y s tem h a v ing a t lea s t one
of A, B, or C W ould include but not be lim ited to s y s tem s th a t
h a v e A a lone, B a lone, C a lone, A a nd B tog eth er , A a nd C
US 2013/0251466 A1
tog eth er , B a nd C tog eth er , a nd/or A, B, a nd C tog eth er , etc. ) .
It W ill be f ur th er under s tood by th os e W ith in th e a r t th a t
v ir tua lly a ny dis j unctiv e W or d a nd/or ph r a s e pr es enting tW o
or m or e a lter na tiv e ter m s , W h eth er in th e des cr iption, cla im s ,
or dr a W ing s , s h ould be under s tood to contem pla te th e pos s i
bilities of including one of th e ter m s , eith er of th e ter m s , or
both ter m s . F or ex a m ple, th e ph r a s e A or B W ill be under
s tood to include th e pos s ibilities of A or B or A a nd B.
[ 0025] In a ddition, W h er e f ea tur es or a s pects of th e dis clo
s ur e a r e des cr ibed in ter m s of Ma r k us h g r oups , th os e s k illed
in th e a r t W ill r ecog niZ e th a t th e dis clos ur e is a ls o th er eby
des cr ibed in ter m s of a ny indiv idua l m em ber or s ubg r oup of
m em ber s of th e Ma r k us h g r oup.
[ 0026] W h ile v a r ious a s pects a nd em bodim ents h a v e been
dis clos ed h er ein, oth er a s pects a nd em bodim ents W ill be
a ppa r ent to th os e s k illed in th e a r t. Th e v a r ious a s pects a nd
em bodim ents dis clos ed h er ein a r e f or pur pos es of illus tr a tion
a nd a r e not intended to be lim iting , W ith th e tr ue s cope a nd
s pir it being indica ted by th e f olloW ing cla im s .
1. A index a ble m illing ins er t com pr is ing :
poly g ona l s h a ped body h a v ing a n upper s ur f a ce, a loW er
s ur f a ce a nd s ide s ur f a ces ;
Sep. 26, 2013
W h er ein th e upper s ur f a ce ( 1) includes a per iph er a l la nd
inter s ecting th e s ide s ur f a ces h a v ing a pr edeter m ined
W idth ( a ) s loping doW nW a r d a t a pr edeter m ined a ng le
Q i) , a nd a s uppor t- f a ce pla tea ux ex tending f r om a n end
of th e per iph er a l la nd up to a n elev a ted s lope, th e s up
por t- f a ce pla tea ux h a v ing a s lope of a pr edeter m ined
a ng le ( Y ) ; a nd
W h er ein th e a ng le ( X) of th e per iph er a l la nd is m or e pos i
tiv e th a n th e a ng le of th e s uppor t- f a ce pla tea ux .
2. Th e index a ble m illing ins er t a s cla im ed in cla im 1,
W h er ein th e W idth ( a ) of th e per iph er a l la nd f r om th e tip of
cutting edg e to th e s ta r t of th e s uppor t- f a ce pla tea ux r a ng es
f r om a bout 0. 001 to 0. 5 m m .
3. Th e index a ble m illing ins er t a s cla im ed in cla im 1,
W h er ein th e a ng le C i) of th e per iph er a l la nd r es ults in a h ig h er
s h ea r pla ne a ng le in a pr im a r y s h ea r def or m a tion Z one of a
W or k m a ter ia l.
4. Th e index a ble m illing ins er t a s cla im ed in cla im 1,
W h er ein th e les s er pos itiv e a ng le ( Y ) com pa r ed to th e h ig h er
pos itiv e a ng le ( X) r es ults in dis tr ibution of s tr uctur a l, th er m a l
loa ding a nd tem per a tur e g r a dients in th e m illing ins er t.
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