Phn bit cc th trong ting Anh - Verb Tenses

Th Cch s dng
HIN
TI
Hin ti n - Simple Present
din t mt s vic xy ra lin tc hay l c tnh cht lp i lp li nh
mt thi quen, mt s tht hin nhin lun lun ng
Hn ti tip din - Present
Continuous
Din t hnh ng ang xy ra ti thi im ni hoc hnh ng xy
ra xung quanh thi im ni
Hin ti hon thnh - Present
Perfect
Din t hnh ng bt u t qu kh, hon thnh v c kt qu
hin ti hoc cn tip din hin ti
Hin ti hon thnh tip din -
Present Perfect Progressive
Din t hnh ng ko di bt u t qu kh, hon thnh hin
ti hoc cn tip din hin ti.
QU
KH
Qu kh n - Simple Past
Din t hnh ng xy ra v kt thc ti mt thi im qu kh,
khng lin quan n hin ti.
Qu kh tip din - past
progressive
Din t hnh ng ang xy ra ti mt thi im xc nh qu kh
nhn mnh tnh cht lin tc ca hnh ng trong cc trng hp
chng ta dng.
Qu kh hon thnh - Past
Perfect
- Din t mt hnh ng xy ra v kt thc trc mt hnh ng khc
trong qu kh.
- Ch : th qu kh hon thnh c coi l dng qu kh ca th hin
ti hon thnh.
TNG
LAI
Tng lai n - Simple Future
- Din t hnh ng s thc hin trong tng lai
din t hnh ng chng ta quyt nh lm thi im ni
Ha hn lm vic g
ngh ai lm g
Chng ta c th s dng shall I/shall we? hi kin ca ai
(c bit khi ngh hoc gi )
Tng lai tip din - Future
Progressive
Din t hnh ng ang din ra ti mt thi im xc nh trong
tng lai
Din t mt hnh ng ang din ra khi mt hnh ng khc xen
vo tng lai
Tng lai hon thnh - Future
Perfect
Din t mt hnh ng bt u t trc v kt thc trc mt thi
im hoc mt hnh ng khc tng lai.
A. Th hin ti n

1. Cng thc
i vi ng t thng:
(+) I /we/you/they + V(nguyn th)
He/ she/it + V(thm s hoc es)
(-) I /we /you /they + dont + V(nguyn th)
He /she /it + doesnt + V(nguyn th)
(?) Do + I /we/you/they + V(nguyn th) ?
Does + he/she/it + V(nguyn th) ?
i vi ng t to be:
(+) I + am
we/you/they + are
He/she/it + is
(-) I + am not
we/you/they + arent
He/she/it + isnt
(?) Am I .?
Are we/you/they ?
Is he/ she/ it.?
Ch : are not = arent
is not = isnt
do not = dont
does not = doesnt
2. Cch s dng
Th hin ti dng din t mt s vic xy ra lin tc hay l c tnh cht lp i lp li nh mt thi quen (v d
a, b), mt s tht hin nhin lun lun ng (v d c v d).
3. V d:
a. I usually get up at 6 a.m.
b. He smokes.
c. Most river flow into the sea.
d. The earth goes round the sun.
e. Jane doesnt drink tea very often.
f. Does your sister often play tennis?
g. Are you a student?
4. Cc trng ng thng dng: thng l cc trng t ch tn sut
Always, usually, often, sometimes, frequently, occasionally, seldom, rarely
5. ng t
Sau ngi th 3 s t, ng t c thm s hoc es
Cc ng t thm s c bt u bng ph m: k, t, gh, p
V d: talks, starts, stops, laughs
Cc ng t thm es c tn cng bng cc m: o, ch, sh, ss, x
V d: goes, watches, finishes, misses, boxes
Nhng ng t c tn cng bng y, phi i y thnh i trc khi thm es
fly flies
carry carries
Ch : cch pht m phn thm s hoc es: c 3 cch nh sau:
Pht m l /s/ sau t, k, p, gh
Pht m l /z/ sau l, n, r, e, y, o
Pht m l /iz/ sau ch, sh, ss, x

B. Th hin ti tip din

1. Cng thc
(+) I + am + V-ing
You/we/they + are + V-ing
He/she/it + is + V-ing
(-) I + am not + V-ing
You/we/they + arent + V-ing
He/she/it + isnt + V-ing
(?) Are + you/we/they + V-ing ?
Is + he/she/it + V-ing?
2. Cch s dng
Din t hnh ng ang xy ra ti thi im ni (v d a, b) hoc hnh ng xy ra xung quanh thi im ni (v
d c).
3. V d:
a. Please dont make so much noise. Im studying.
b. Look at the sun, it is shining brightly.
c. We learn maths every Monday afternoon, but this afternoon we are learning English.
d. It isnt raining now.
e. Are you listening to the radio?
4. Cc trng ng thng dng
now, at present, at the moment.
5. Mt s ng t khng c dng vi th tip din
want like belong know suppose remember
need love mean forget prefer hear
believe understand seem have (vi
ngha l
s hu)
think (vi
ngha l
tin)
see
6. Cch thm ing vo sau ng t
Thm ing trc tip:
V d: learn learning
play playing
study studying
B e cui t v thm ing
V d: shine shining
live living
Ngoi l: see seeing
agree agreeing
age ageing
dye dyeing
Nu ng t kt thc bng mt ph m nhng ng trc n l mt nguyn m (e,o, i, u, a) th phi nhn i
ph m trc khi thm ing
V d: run running
sit - sitting
admit admitting
travel - travelling
7. So snh hin ti tip din vi hin ti n
Th hin ti tip din Th hin ti n
Dng din t s vic ang din ra
ti thi im ni hoc gn thi im
ni
Im studying English now.

Dng cho nhng tnh hung tm
thi:
Im living with some friends until I can
find a flat.

Dng ni v nhng iu c tnh
quy lut hoc nhng g xy ra lp i
lp li
Tom plays tennis every Saturday.
Dng cho nhng tnh hung n nh:
My parents live in London. They have
been there for 20 years.

This machine doesnt work. It hasnt
worked for years.
This machine is not working. It broke
down this morning.

8. Ch : Th hin ti tip din hm ngha tng lai
Khi bn ang ni v nhng g bn thu xp ri, hy s dng th hin ti tip din.
V d:
A: Ann is coming tomorrow morning?
B: What time is she arriving?
A: At 10.30
B: Are you meeting her at the station?
B: I cant. Im working tomorrow morning.

C. Th hin ti hon thnh (the present perfect)

1. Cng thc
(+) I/we/you/they + have + P2
He/she/it + has + P2
(-) I/we/you/they + havent + P2.
He/she/it + hasnt + P2
(?) Have + I/we/you/they + P2. ?
Has + he/she/it + P2
Trong P2 l ng t qu kh phn t. Qu kh phn t thng tn cng bng ed nhng nhiu ng t quan
trng li l bt quy tc.
2. Cch s dng
Din t hnh ng bt u t qu kh, hon thnh v c kt qu hin ti (v d a, b) hoc cn tip din
hin ti (v d c, d).
3. V d:
a. The teacher has just cleaned the board. (she started cleaning it some minutes ago and now the board is clean)
b. We have already corrected all the homework. (We started correcting the homework some minutes ago and now it
is all corrected)
c. We have learned English for a year. (We started learning English a year ago and now we are still learning it)
d. I have lived in Hanoi since 1990. (I started living in Hanoi and now we are still living in Hanoi)
e. Has it stopped raining yet?
f. I havent finished my homework yet?
4. Qu kh phn t: c 2 loi
V-ed: l ng t c quy tc, ch cn thm ed vo sau ng t (nu ng t kt thc vi e, ch cn thm d l
)
learn - learned
work - worked
live lived
ng t bt quy tc:
V d: go gone
see seen
cut cut
meet met
(tra bng ng t bt quy tc)
Ch : Cch pht m phn thm ed: c 3 cch nh sau:
Pht m l /t/ sau ph m p, k, sh, ch, s, gh
V d: missed, talked, stopped, washed, laughed.
Pht m l /d/ sau n, l, e, r, b, g, y, w
V d: rained, lived, called, answered, begged, combed
Pht m l /id/ sau t, d
V d: started, wanted, needed, visited.
5. Cc trng ng ca th hin ti hon thnh.
- just (va mi): thng c t gia have/has v P2.
- already (): thng c t gia have/has v P2.
- recently = lately = so far (gn y): thng t cui cu.
- notyet (cha)
- yet (, tng): t cui cu
- never (cha bao gi): thng c t gia have/has v P2.
- for + khong thi gian : for 2 years, for a month
- since + mc thi gian : since 2 oclock, since yesterday, since last week, since 1990
6. Phn bit have gone to v have been to
have gone to have been to
V d:
A: Is Mr Brown here?
B: No, he has gone to Ho Chi Minh city.

i ti u hoc ang trn ng
i hoc n ni ri nhng cha tr
v.

A: Oh, glad to see you again. Where
have you been, Mr Brown?
B: Ive been to Ho Chi Minh city.
i ti u nhng tr v t ni
y hoc va tr v.

D. Th hin ti hon thnh tip din (the present perfect progressive)

1. Cng thc
(+) I/we/you/they + have + been + V-ing
He/she/it + has +been +V-ing
(-) I/we/you/they + havent + been + V-ing
He/she/it + hasnt + been + V-ing
(?) Have + I/we/you/they + been + V-ing ?
Has + he/she/it + been + V-ing?
2. Cch s dng
Din t hnh ng ko di bt u t qu kh, hon thnh hin ti hoc cn tip din hin ti.
3. V d:
a. The ground is wet. It has been raining.
b. My friend has been teaching English since 1980.
c. My hands are dirty. I have been working in the garage.
d. Youre out of breath. Have you been running?
e. George hasnt been feeling well recently.
4. So snh hin ti hon thnh tip din v hin ti hon thnh n gin
The present perfect tense The present perfect progressive
V d:
The package of cigarettes is empty.
Somebody has smoked all the
cigarettes.
ch n kt qu ca hnh ng.

I am tired. I have written 10 letters.

My brothers finger is brown. He has
been smoking for too long.
din t qu trnh, tnh cht ca hnh
ng.
I am tired. I have been writing letters
for 5 hours.
E. Th qu kh n (the simple past tense)

1. Cng thc:
Vi ng t thng:
(+) S + V(qu kh)
(-) S + didnt + V(nguyn th)
(?) Did + S + V(nguyn th) ?
Vi ng t tobe:
(+) We/you/they + were
I/he/she/it + was.
(-) We/you/they + werent
I/he/she/it + wasnt
(?) were + we/you/they ?
Was + I/he/she/it
Ch :
a s ng t th qu kh tn cng bng ed, nhng nhiu ng t quan trng li l ng t bt quy tc.
Hnh thc qu kh ca ng t be l was/ were
I / he/ she/ it + was
We /you/ they + were
Was not = wasnt were not = werent did not = didnt

2. Cch s dng:
Din t hnh ng xy ra v kt thc ti mt thi im qu kh, khng lin quan n hin ti.
Dng used to + verb din t thi quen thng xy ra qu kh, nhng khng tn ti hin ti. V d: I used to
play tennis when I was young. ( I dont play tennis now).
3. V d:
a. My brother learned English 10 years ago. (my brother doesnt learn English now).
b. I lived and worked in Hanoi in 1990. ( I dont live and work in Hanoi now).
c. Their parents went to Ho Chi Minh city last summer. (they dont go to Ho Chi Minh city this summer).
d. It was rainy yesterday.
e. Did you go out last night?
f. They didnt invite her to the party.
g. I was very thirsty. I drank the water very quickly.
4. ng t qu kh: c 2 loi:
ng t Ved: learned, worked, stayed, lived
ng t bt quy tc: tra bng ng t bt quy tc
V d: go went
see saw
cut cut
do - did
5. Cc trng ng ca th ny: thng t cui cu.
- ago (trc y)
- yesterday
- last month, last week, last year
- in + thi gian: in 1980, in 2000.
6. So snh th qu kh n vi th hin ti tip din
The present perfect tense The simple past tense
V d:
I have lived in Hanoi since 1990.
hnh ng bt u qu kh hoc
hon thnh hoc cn tip din
hin ti.

I lived in Hanoi in 1990.
hnh ng xy ra v kt thc qu
kh, khng lin quan n hin ti.
(hin ti khng bit I sng du
nhng khng cn sng H Ni na

F. Th qu kh tip din (the past progressive tense)

1. Cng thc:
(+) We/you/they + were + V-ing
I/he/she/it + was + V-ing
(-) We/you/they + werent + V-ing
I/he/she/it + wasnt + V-ing
(?) were + We/you/they + V-ing ?
Was + I/he/she/it + V-ing?
2. Cch s dng:
Din t hnh ng ang xy ra ti mt thi im xc nh qu kh nhn mnh tnh cht lin tc ca hnh
ng trong cc trng hp chng ta dng.
3. V d:
a. Nam often plays football from 3 p.m to 5 p.m. Yesterday when I visited him at 4 p.m, he was playing football.
b. This time last week we were staying in Ho Chi Minh city.
c. I wasnt working this time yesterday.
d. Were you watching TV when I called you?
4. Quan h vi th qu kh n gin
V d: I came home when my mother was cooking dinner.
They were watching TV when the bell rang.
Tng qut li nh sau:
Mnh 1 Mnh 2
The simple past tense when The past progressive
The past progressive when The simple past tense

G. Th qu kh hon thnh (the past perfect tense)

1. Cng thc:
(+) S + had + P2 .
(-) S + hadnt + P2 .
(?) Had + S + P2 . ?
Ch : had not = hadnt
2. Cch s dng
Din t mt hnh ng xy ra v kt thc trc mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh.
Ch : th qu kh hon thnh c coi l dng qu kh ca th hin ti hon thnh.
V d: Im not hungry. Ive eaten lunch.
I wasnt hungry. I had eaten lunch.
3. V d:
a. Before I moved here in 1990, I had lived in Hanoi.
b. After they had seen the film, they went home.
c. When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
d. The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadnt flown before.
e. The house was dirty. Hadnt they cleaned it for weeks?
4. Quan h vi th qu kh n gin
Th qu kh hon thnh lun i cng th qu kh n din t hnh ng xy ra v kt thc trc khi hnh
ng khc bt u.

Mnh 1

Mnh 2
The past perfect tense When/ before/ till/ until The simple past tense
The simple past tense As soon as/ after The past perfect tense
V d: They had waited till/until he came back
They visited me as soon as they had arrived here.
After she had heard the bad news, she began to cry.

nhn mnh s kt thc ca th qu kh hon thnh trc khi th qu kh n bt u, ta dng cu trc sau:
Had hardly + P2 + when + the simple past tense: .. va ..th.
Had no sooner + P2 + than + the simple past tense: .. va ..th.
V d:
- I had hardly opened the door when the phone rang. (ti va m ca th chung in thoi reo)
- We had hardly left the house when the rain came.
- They had no sooner got on the bus than the accident happened. (h va ln xe th tai nn xy ra).
- We had no sooner finished party than our friend came.
H. Th tng lai n gin (the simple future)

1. Cng thc:
(+) S + will + V(nguyn th).
(-) S + wont + V(nguyn th).
(?) Will + S + V(nguyn th)..?
Ch : will not = wont
2. Cch s dng
Din t hnh ng s thc hin trong tng lai (v d a)
din t hnh ng chng ta quyt nh lm thi im ni (v d b)
Ha hn lm vic g (v d c)
ngh ai lm g (v d d)
Chng ta c th s dng shall I/shall we? hi kin ca ai (c bit khi ngh hoc gi ) (v d e, f)
3. V d:
a. I will go to work by bus tomorrow.
b. A: The homework is difficult.
B: Dont worry, Ill help you.
c. Thank you for lending me the money. Ill pay you back on Friday.
d. Will you shut the door, please?
e. Shall I open the window?
f. Where shall we go this evening?
4. Cc trng t ca th ny
- tomorrow
- next week, next month, next year
- later
- in + mc thi gian trong tng lai: in 2020
5. Quan h vi hin ti n
Mt vi cu trc quen thuc:
Im sure
I think
I hope
I believe
Its likely that
the simple future

V d: I think he will come next week
Its likely that she will win the prize.
I believe she will pass the exam.
Mnh 1 Mnh 2
The simple future When/ if/ till/ untill/ as
soon as/ while / as long
as/ before
The simple present
V d:
As long as I finish my work, Ill visit you.
Theyll ring me as soon as they get home.
Before I go to work, Ill have breakfast.
I. Th tng lai tip din (the future progressive)

1. Cng thc
(+) S + will + be + V-ing.
(-) S + wont + be + V-ing..
(?) Will + S + be + V-ing?
2. Cch s dng
Din t hnh ng ang din ra ti mt thi im xc nh trong tng lai (v d a, b)
Din t mt hnh ng ang din ra khi mt hnh ng khc xen vo tng lai (v d c)
3. V d:
a. I will be working hard at 10 a.m tomorrow.
b. He will be reading a book this time tomorrow.
c. When I get back at eleven, they will be sleeping.
d. Will you be using your bicycle this evening?
e. I wont be going for a walk this time tomorrow.
4. Trng t ca th ny
- this time + thi gian trong tng lai
- at + gi + danh t ch thi gian trong tng lai: at 5 p.m tomorrow.
- In ten years time
J. Th tng lai hon thnh (the future perfect tense)

1. Cng thc
(+) S + will + have + P2
(-) S + wont + have + P2
(?) Will + S + have + P2?
2. Cch s dng
Din t mt hnh ng bt u t trc v kt thc trc mt thi im hoc mt hnh ng khc tng lai.
3. V d:
a. He will have finished his work by 9 oclock.
b. Taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing.
c. By next Sunday, you will have stayed with us for 3 weeks.
d. Will you have finished writing this book by the end of this year?