1. The document provides examples and step-by-step solutions for calculating probabilities and distributions using a graphing calculator, including permutations, combinations, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, and creating data lists.
2. The examples cover topics such as finding the number of ways to select drawings from a pool, probabilities of coin toss outcomes, probabilities of customer arrivals, and finding critical values associated with given probabilities.
3. For each distribution, the document provides the calculator functions to use such as binomcdf, poissonpdf, and normalcdf, along with the steps to enter arguments and obtain results.
1. The document provides examples and step-by-step solutions for calculating probabilities and distributions using a graphing calculator, including permutations, combinations, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, and creating data lists.
2. The examples cover topics such as finding the number of ways to select drawings from a pool, probabilities of coin toss outcomes, probabilities of customer arrivals, and finding critical values associated with given probabilities.
3. For each distribution, the document provides the calculator functions to use such as binomcdf, poissonpdf, and normalcdf, along with the steps to enter arguments and obtain results.
1. The document provides examples and step-by-step solutions for calculating probabilities and distributions using a graphing calculator, including permutations, combinations, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, and creating data lists.
2. The examples cover topics such as finding the number of ways to select drawings from a pool, probabilities of coin toss outcomes, probabilities of customer arrivals, and finding critical values associated with given probabilities.
3. For each distribution, the document provides the calculator functions to use such as binomcdf, poissonpdf, and normalcdf, along with the steps to enter arguments and obtain results.
1. The document provides examples and step-by-step solutions for calculating probabilities and distributions using a graphing calculator, including permutations, combinations, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, and creating data lists.
2. The examples cover topics such as finding the number of ways to select drawings from a pool, probabilities of coin toss outcomes, probabilities of customer arrivals, and finding critical values associated with given probabilities.
3. For each distribution, the document provides the calculator functions to use such as binomcdf, poissonpdf, and normalcdf, along with the steps to enter arguments and obtain results.
number of ways to select drawings = 30 P 5 =17100120
Step 1: Enter [3] [0].
Step 2: Press , go to [PRB] and select [nPr].
Step 3: Enter [5] and press .
ENTER MATH
Example
During an art competition, 5 winning drawings out of 30 are to be selected in order of merit. Find the number of ways to select the drawings.
3
COMBINATIONS
Solution
number of ways to select drawings = 52 C 4 = 270725
Step 1: Enter [5] [2].
Step 2: Press , go to [PRB] and select [nCr].
Step 3: Enter [4] and press .
ENTER MATH
Example
Find the number of ways to choose 4 cards from a deck of 52 ordinary cards when there is no restriction.
4
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
Solution
Let X be the number of heads obtained out of 5 tosses. X ~ B (5, )
(a) P(X = 3) = 0.263672 0.264
Step 1: Press to go to [DISTR] and select [binompdf].
Note : The function [binompdf] gives P(X = x)
Step 2: Enter the number of trials, the probability and X value.
Step 3: Press twice.
ENTER VARS 2ND
Example (From Binomial & Poisson Distribution Practice 1, Example 3)
A biased coin is tossed 5 times such that the probability of getting a head is for each toss. Assuming the each toss is independent of any other tosses, find the probability of (a) getting exactly 3 heads, (b) at least 3 heads.
5
(b) P(X 3) = 1 P(X 2) = 1 0.103516 0.896
Step 1: Press to go to [DISTR] and select [binomcdf].
Note : The function [binomcdf] gives P(X x)
Step 2: Enter the number of trials, the probability and x-value.
Step 3: Press twice.
ENTER VARS 2ND 6
POISSON DISTRIBUTION
Solution
Let X be the number of people arriving at the counter in a randomly chosen 2-hour. X ~ P o (8)
(a) P(X = 6) = 0.122138 0.122
Step 1: Press to go to [DISTR] and select [poissonpdf].
Note : The function [poissonpdf] gives P(X = x)
Step 2: Enter the mean value and x-value.
Step 3: Press twice.
ENTER VARS 2ND
Example (From Binomial & Poisson Distribution Practice 2, Example 3)
On the average, it is estimated that 8 people arrive at the service counter over a 2- hour period. Assuming that the number of people who arrive follows a Poisson distribution, find the probability that (a) exactly 6 people arrive at the counter in a randomly chosen 2-hour, (b) less than 5 people arrive at the counter in a randomly chosen 2-hour.
7
(b) P(X < 5) = P(X 4) = 0.0996324 0.0996
Step 1: Press to go to [DISTR] and select [poissoncdf].
Note : The function [poissoncdf] gives P(X x)
Step 2: Enter the mean value and X value.
Step 3: Press twice.
ENTER VARS 2ND 8
Creating a Data List
Solution
Step 1: Press and select [Edit].
Step 2: Go to [L1].
Step 3: Press , go to [OPS] and select [seq].
Step 4: Enter the data as shown and press twice. This will generate numbers from 0 to 16, in increment of 1.
Step 5: Go to [L2].
ENTER STAT 2ND STAT
Example 1 (From Binomial & Poisson Distribution Practice 1, Exercise Q10)
It is given that X ~ B(16, 0.65). Find the least value of the integer x such that P(X < x).
9
Step 6: Press , go to [DISTR] and select [binomcdf].
Step 7: Enter the number of trials and the probability. Enter the x-value as L1. To get L1, press , go to [NAMES] and select [L1].
Step 8: Press twice. This will generate probability for P(X 0), P(X 1) and etc.
P(X < x) > 0.75 P(X x1) > 0.75 Using G.C.,
Thus, x 1 = 12 x = 13
ENTER LIST 2ND VARS 2ND 10
Solution
Step 1: Press and select [Edit].
Step 2: Go to [L1].
Step 3: Press , go to [OPS] and select [seq].
Step 4: Enter the data as shown and press twice. This will generate numbers from 0 to 16, in increment of 1.
Step 5: Go to [L2].
ENTER STAT 2ND STAT
Example 2 (From Binomial & Poisson Distribution Practice 2, Example 5)
During a road show, a developer plans to have N apartments on sale at a special price each day. The demand for the apartments is expected to be 6 in a day. Determine the least value of N such that the probability that all demands are met is at least 80 %.
11
Step 6: Press , go to [DISTR] and select [poissoncdf].
Step 7: Enter the mean value. Enter the x-value as L1. To get L1, press , go to [NAMES] and select [L1].
Step 8: Press twice. This will generate probability for P(X 0), P(X 1) and etc.
P(X N) > 0.8 Using G.C.,
Thus, N = 8
ENTER LIST 2ND VARS 2ND 12
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Solution
(a) P(X < 8) 0.345
Step 1: Press to go to [DISTR] and select [normalcdf].
Note : The function [normalcdf] gives P(a < X < b)
Step 2: Enter the upper bound, the lower bound value, the mean and the standard deviation.
Step 3: Press twice.
ENTER VARS 2ND
Example 1 (From Normal Distribution Practice 1, Example 1)
Given that X ~ N(10, 25), find (a) P (X < 8), (b) P (8 < X < 12) (c) P (X > 15)
10 8 To negative infinity 13
(b) P(8 < X < 5) 0.311
Step 1: Press to go to [DISTR] and select [normalcdf].
Step 2: Enter the upper bound, the lower bound value, the mean and the standard deviation.
Step 3: Press twice.
ENTER VARS 2ND 10 8 12 14
(c) P(X > 15) 0.159
Step 1: Press to go to [DISTR] and select [normalcdf].
Step 2: Enter the upper bound, the lower bound value, the mean and the standard deviation.
Step 3: Press twice.
ENTER VARS 2ND 10 15 To positive infinity 15
Solution
(a) P(X < r) 0.24
Step 1: Press to go to [DISTR] and select [invnorm].
Note : The function [invnorm] gives P(X < r)
Step 2: Enter the area of probability, the mean and the standard deviation.
Step 3: Press twice.
Therefore, r = 8.84
ENTER VARS 2ND
Example 2 (From Normal Distribution Practice 2, Example 2)
Given that X ~ N(12, 20), find (a) P (X < r) = 0.24, (b) P (X > r) = 0.785
12 r To negative infinity 16
(b) P(X > r) = 0.785 P(X < r) = 1 0.785 = 0.215
Step 1: Press to go to [DISTR] and select [invnorm].
Step 2: Enter the area of probability, the mean and the standard deviation.