Problem 8.

155 [Difficulty: 4]
Gi ven: Tank with drainpipe
Find: Flow rate for rentrant, square-edged, and rounded entrances
Sol ution:
Basic equations
p
1

V
1
2
2
+ g z
1
+

p
2

V
2
2
2
+ g z
2
+

h
lT
= h
lT
f
L
D

V
2
2
K
ent
V
2
2
+ =
Assumptions: 1) Steady flow 2) Incompressible flow 3) is approximately 1
Available data
D 1 in = L 2 ft = e 0.00085 ft =
(Table 8.1)
h 3 ft = r 0.2 in =
Hence the energy equation applied between the tank free surface (Point 1) and the pipe exit (Point 2, z = 0) becomes
g z
1

V
2
2
2
g z
1

V
2
2
= f
L
D

V
2
2
K
ent
V
2
2
+ =
Solving for V
V
2 g H
1 K
ent
+ f
L
D
+

=
(1)
where now we have
H h L + = H 5 ft =
We also have
Re
V D

=
or
Re c V =
(2) where
c
D

=
From Table A.7 (20
o
C)
1.01 10
6

m
2
s
= 1.09 10
5

ft
2
s
= c
D

= c 7665
s
ft
=
(3)
In addition
1
f
2.0 log
e
D
3.7
2.51
Re f
+

=
Equations 1, 2 and 3 form a set of simultaneous equations for V, Re and f
For a reentrant entrance, from Table 8.2
K
ent
0.78 =
Make a guess for f
f 0.01 =
then
V
2 g H
1 K
ent
+ f
L
D
+

= V 3.85
m
s
=
Re c V = Re 9.67 10
4
=
Given
1
f
2.0 log
e
D
3.7
2.51
Re f
+

= f 0.0388 =
V
2 g H
1 K
ent
+ f
L
D
+

= V 3.32
m
s
= Re c V = Re 8.35 10
4
=
Given
1
f
2.0 log
e
D
3.7
2.51
Re f
+

= f 0.0389 =
V
2 g H
1 K
ent
+ f
L
D
+

= V 3.32
m
s
= Re c V = Re 8.35 10
4
=
Note that we could use Excel's Solver for this problem
The flow rate is then
Q V
D
2

4
= Q 0.0594
ft
3
s
= Q 26.7 gpm =
For a square-edged entrance, from Table 8.2
K
ent
0.5 =
Make a guess for f
f 0.01 =
then
V
2 g H
1 K
ent
+ f
L
D
+

= V 4.14
m
s
= Re c V = Re 1.04 10
5
=
Given
1
f
2.0 log
e
D
3.7
2.51
Re f
+

= f 0.0387 =
V
2 g H
1 K
ent
+ f
L
D
+

= V 3.51
m
s
= Re c V = Re 8.82 10
4
=
Given
1
f
2.0 log
e
D
3.7
2.51
Re f
+

= f 0.0388 =
V
2 g H
1 K
ent
+ f
L
D
+

= V 3.51
m
s
= Re c V = Re 8.82 10
4
=
The flow rate is then
Q V
D
2

4
= Q 0.0627
ft
3
s
= Q 28.2 gpm =
For a rounded entrance, from Table 8.2
r
D
0.2 = K
ent
0.04 =
Make a guess for f
f 0.01 =
then
V
2 g H
1 K
ent
+ f
L
D
+

=
V 4.83
m
s
= Re c V = Re 1.22 10
5
=
Given
1
f
2.0 log
e
D
3.7
2.51
Re f
+

= f 0.0386 =
V
2 g H
1 K
ent
+ f
L
D
+

= V 3.90
m
s
= Re c V = Re 9.80 10
4
=
Given
1
f
2.0 log
e
D
3.7
2.51
Re f
+

= f 0.0388 =
V
2 g H
1 K
ent
+ f
L
D
+

= V 3.89
m
s
= Re c V = Re 9.80 10
4
=
Given
1
f
2.0 log
e
D
3.7
2.51
Re f
+

= f 0.0388 =
V
2 g H
1 K
ent
+ f
L
D
+

= V 3.89
m
s
= Re c V = Re 9.80 10
4
=
Note that we could use Excel's Solver for this problem
The flow rate is then
Q V
D
2

4
= Q 0.0697
ft
3
s
= Q 31.3 gpm =
In summary: Renentrant:
Q 26.7 gpm =
Square-edged:
Q 28.2 gpm =
Rounded:
Q 31.3 gpm =