Honorable John D.

Bates
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
______________________________________________________________________________
ARTHUR S. WEST
!la"nt"##
$s.
ERIC HOLDER UNITED STATES
DE%ARTMENT OF JUSTICE JAMES
COLE JA& INSLEE SHARON FOSTER
STATE LI'UOR CONTROL BOARD
CHAIR
(e#en(ants


Case No. )* +, ---./

%LAINTIFF0S RE%L& TO
FEDERAL DEFENDANTS0
)12b34 MOTION TO DISMISS
I INTRODUCTION
Th"s "s a NE%A5Ant"5+o66an(eer"n7 Do+tr"ne +ase alle7"n7 that the #e(eral 7o,ern6ent
6a(e an 8n(erl9"n7 (e+"s"on an( too: a 6a;or #e(eral a+t"on "n re7ar( to State le7al"<at"on o#
re+reat"onal 6ar";8ana ="tho8t +o6!l"an+e ="th NE%A an( "n ,"olat"on o# the Ant"5
+o66an(eer"n7 Do+tr"ne. I7nor"n7 !la"nt"##0s +la"6s +on+ern"n7 the 8n(erl9"n7 (e+"s"on an( the
6anner o# "ts e>!ress"on an( re+e!t"on an( "nstea( #o+8s"n7 on the s8!er#"+"al s8r#a+e
6an"#estat"on an( te+hn"+al =or("n7 o# the Cole Me6oran(86 the #e(eral (e#en(ants ha,e
6o,e( to ("s6"ss 8n(er CR )12b34.
De#en(ants0 6ot"on 68st be (en"e( be+a8se the #a+ts alle7e( b9 the !la"nt"## 6a:e a
!la8s"ble sho="n7 that the #e(eral 7o,ern6ent 6a(e an underlying decision to +o66an(eer
State le7al"<at"on an( too: a 6a;or #e(eral a+t"on 8n(er NE%A o# =h"+h the 6ost a!!arent
s8!er#"+"al ,"s"ble 6an"#estat"on =as a(6"tte(l9 the Cole Me6oran(86 as an e>!ress"on o# the
8n(erl9"n7 8n+onst"t8t"onal (e+"s"on to +o66an(eer. The De#en(ants0 Mot"on to ("s6"ss "s base(
8!on the #a8lt9 !re6"se that the Cole Me6oran(86 =as "ss8e( "n a ,a+886 an( (e6onstrates a
14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST 1
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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!ro#o8n( la+: o# 8n(erstan("n7 o# the nat8re o# s8bstant",e an( e>!ress",e har6 to #e(eral"s6
2See Al(en ,. Ma"ne ?1@ U.S. @-4 2)...3 the nat8re o# !ro+e(8ral an( s8bstant",e har6 8n(er
NE%A 2See West ,. Se+retar9 o# De#ense L8;an ,. De#en(ers o# W"l(l"#e3 an( the ("st"n+t"on
bet=een the te+hn"+al =or("n7 o# a +o668n"+at"on s8+h as the Cole Me6oran(86 an( =hat
s8+h a #e(eral +o668n"+at"on "s a+t8all9 seen b9 "ts State re+"!"ents to e>!ress. 2See E>!ress",e
Theor"es o# La= a Aeneral Restate6ent El"<abeth An(erson an( R"+har( %"l(es Un",ers"t9 o#
%enns9l,an"a La= Re,"e= $ol. )*/ %. )?-B 1---3
II STANDARD OF REVIEW
In re,"e="n7 a 6ot"on to ("s6"ss !8rs8ant to R8le )12b3243 the +o8rt 68st a++e!t as tr8e
all #a+t8al alle7at"ons "n the +o6!la"nt an( (ra= all reasonable "n#eren+es "n #a,or o# the
non6o,"n7 !art9. S"l,as ,. ECTra(e Mort7. Cor!. ?)* F.B( )--) )--B 2.th C"r. 1--/3. To
s8r,",e s8+h a 6ot"on a +o6!la"nt 68st alle7e Deno87h #a+ts to state a +la"6 to rel"e# that "s
!la8s"ble on "ts #a+e.E Bell Atl. Cor!. ,. T=o6bl9 ??- U.S. ?** ?@- 21--@3F see also Ash+ro#t ,.
IGbal ??4 U.S. 441 4@/ 21--.3.
In th"s +ase !la"nt"## has state( s8##"+"ent #a+ts to 6eet the T=">bal !la8s"b"l"t9 stan(ar(.
De#en(ants0 ar786ents =h"le +reat",e "7nore the a+t8al +la"6s "n the +o6!la"nt as =ell as the
nat8re o# NE%A an( Ant"5+o66an(eer"n7 +a8ses o# a+t"on an( the"r ar786ents (eal onl9 ="th
the s8!er#"+"al s8r#a+e !heno6enon o# the Cole Me6oran(86 +o6!letel9 "7nor"n7 the
8n(erl9"n7 #e(eral (e+"s"on an( 6a;or #e(eral a+t"on that the Cole Me6oran(86 "s the 6ost
,"s"ble e>!ress"on o#.
III IT IS HIGHL !LAUSI"LE THAT THE #DECISION !AC$AGES% !LACED ON
ERI$ HOLDER AND "ARAC$ O"A&A'S DES$S RESULTED IN AN UNDERLING
FEDERAL DECISION
As a !rel"6"nar9 6atter "t "s h"7hl9 !la8s"ble that the (e+"s"on !a+:a7es !la+e( on
Attorne9 Aeneral Hol(er an( Bara+: Oba6a0s (es:s 2as sho=n b9 the !8bl"+ re+or(s release( b9
the State o# Wash"n7ton3 res8lte( "n an 8n(erl9"n7 #e(eral (e+"s"on as !la"nt"## s!e+"#"+all9
asserts "n the A6en(e( Co6!la"nt. As s8+h "t "s th"s 8n(erl9"n7 (e+"s"on an( 6a;or #e(eral
a+t"on that the +o6!la"nt 68st be =e"7he( a7a"nst not the alternate stra= 6an set 8! b9 the
(e#en(ants "n the #or6 o# an "solate( an( s8!er#"+"al 6e6oran(86.
14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST 2
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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IV !LAINTIFF'S CO&!LAINT CHALLENGES THE FEDERAL DECISION AND
&A(OR FEDERAL ACTION UNDERLING THE SU!ERFICIAL COLE
&E&ORANDU&) NOT THE SU!ERFICIAL &E&ORANDU& ITSELF
The !r"6ar9 reason the (e#en(ants 6ot"on +annot be 7rante( "s that "t (oes not a((ress the
a+t8al +la"6s "n the +o6!la"nt =h"+h +hallen7e the underlying *ederal decision not the Cole
Me6oran(86 +o,er letter an( asso+"ate( tele!hone +all =h"+h !la"nt"## (es+r"bes e>!l"+"tl9 as
Dthe 6ost ,"s"ble o8t=ar( 6an"#estat"ons...res8lt"n7 #ro6 D(e+"s"onsE 6a(e ="tho8t !8bl"+
!ro+ess "n res!onse to D6ar";8ana (e+"s"on !a+:a7esE !la+e( on the (es:s o# (e#en(ant Hol(er
an( Bara+: Oba6a at the behest o# (e#en(ants Inslee an( Foster. 2See Co6!la"nt se+t"on *.13
As !la"nt"## +learl9 states "n se+t"on *.) o# h"s A6en(e( Co6!la"nt
Th"s +ase "n,ol,es a #a"l8re to +ons"(er reasonabl9 #oreseeable !otent"all9
s"7n"#"+ant a(,erse "6!a+ts 8!on the nat8ral an( 8rban en,"ron6ent an(
a(,erse e>!ress",e an( s8bstant"al har6 to the s9ste6 o# #e(eral"s6 l":el9
to res8lt #ro6 (e+"s"ons res8lt"n7 #ro6 an( #oster"n7 a re78lar an(
s9ste6at"+ ser"es o# +o668n"+at"ons bet=een the #e(eral 7o,ern6ent an(
(e#en(ant Inslee 2on behal# o# the State o# Wash"n7ton3 an( (e#en(ant
Foster 2#or the L"G8or Control Boar(3 T+ese underlying decisions ,ere
-ade in res.onse /o #&ari0uana Decision !ac1ages%.laced on /+e
des1s o* de*endan/ Holder and !residen/ O2a-a) an( anno8n+e( on
A878st 1. 1-)B "n a tele!hone +all #ro6 (e#en(ant Hol(er to the Ao,ernors
o# Wash"n7ton an( Colora(o "n asso+"at"on ="th the +oer+",e an(
+o66an(eer"n7 Cole Me6oran(86.
Se+t"on *.1 #8rther +lar"#"es that...
The A878st 1. Cole Me6oran(86 an( the A878st 1. tele!hone +all =ere
"nter+onne+te( a+t"ons ste66"n7 #ro6 a 6a;or #e(eral a+t"on 2or relate(
a+t"ons3 as (e#"ne( "n NE%A. The9 =ere also /+e -os/ 3isi2le ou/,ard
-ani*es/a/ion o# a s9ste6at"+ an( re78lar ser"es o# +o66an(eer"n7
+o668n"+at"ons bet=een #e(eral o##"+"als "n Wash"n7ton D.C. an( the
DStateE (e#en(ants res8lt"n7 #ro6 #decisions% 6a(e ="tho8t !8bl"+ !ro+ess
"n res!onse to #-ari0uana decision .ac1ages% !la+e( on the (es:s o#
(e#en(ant Hol(er an( Bara+: Oba6a at the behest o# (e#en(ants Inslee an(
Foster.
14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST ,
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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In l"7ht the +lear an( 8na6b"78o8s alle7at"ons o# the +o6!la"nt (e#en(ants0 assert"ons that
D!la"nt"## +la"6s the Cole Me6o "s a 6a;or #e(eral a+t"on s"7n"#"+antl9 a##e+t"n7 the G8al"t9 o# the
en,"ron6entE 2(e#en(ants0 Mot"on !a7e ? !ara7ra!h 13 are s"6!l9 #alse an( "n+orre+t.
Wh"le "t "s 8n(erstan(able that +o8nsel "n the"r (es"re to !re,a"l 6"7ht re+o7n"<e onl9 the
6ost a!!arent 6an"#estat"ons o# an( not the a+t8al 8n(erl9"n7 #e(eral a+t"on a+t8all9 !lea( "n
the +o6!la"nt the Fe(eral R8les o# C","l %ro+e(8re (o not en+o8ra7e !art"es to 6"s+onstr8e +lear
alle7at"ons "n a +o6!la"nt "n or(er to set 8! stra= 6en =h"+h the9 +an then eas"l9 !re,a"l "n
ar786ent a7a"nst.
Ob,"o8sl9 "# a !art9 =as allo=e( to (en9 real"t9 to the e>tent o# W"nston S6"th o# the
M"n"str9 o# Tr8th 2See Or=ell Aeor7e )./* Ne= &or:H Har+o8rt Bra+e an( Co6!an9 2).*.33
"n +onstr8"n7 an o!!onent0s +la"6s an( assert"n7 !ro!os"t"ons s8+h as 1I1J? the ent"re ;8("+"al
!ro+ess =o8l( be re(8+e( to a #ar+e ="th 8lt"6ate res8lts that +o8l( onl9 be (es+r"be( as D(o8ble
!l8s 8n7oo(E.
In the +onte>t o# the (e#en(ants0 6ot"on !la"nt"##0s +la"6s that an 8n(erl9"n7 #e(eral a+t"on
res8lte( #ro6 the (e+"s"on !a+:a7es that the e,"(en+e (e6onstrates =ere on Mr. Hol(er an(
%res"(ent Oba6a0s (es:s 68st be a++e!te( as tr8e. De#en(ants 6a:e absol8tel9 no +la"6s as to
th"s s!e+"#"+ #a+t an( th8s the"r +la"6s as to the 8nre,"e=ab"l"t9 s8!er#"+"al 6an"#estat"on o# the
a+t8al (e+"s"on 68st #a"l. %la"nt"## (oes not see: to re,"e= the Cole Me6oran(86 or "ts e>!l"+"t
ter6s he rather see:s to re,"e= the underlying decision that =as s8!er#"+"all9 6an"#este( b9 the
Cole Me6oran(86 an( the Co66an(eer"n7 relat"onsh"! e>!resse( b9 the 8n(erl9"n7
(eter6"nat"on an( a series o* co--unica/ions "n+l8("n7 the Cole Me6oran(86.
V THE UNDERLING DECISION TO ALLOW AND SEE$ TO INFLUENCE STATE
LEGALI4ATION OF &ARI(UANA HAS A !OTENTIAL TO DEGRADE THE UR"AN
AND NATURAL ENVIRON&ENT IN THE GEOGRA!HIC NE5US E&!LOED "
!LAINTIFF
I# the +o8rt +ons"(ers the a+t8al #e(eral (e+"s"on +hallen7e( b9 the !la"nt"## as o!!ose( to
the stra= 6an set 8! b9 the (e#en(ants to obs+8re the a+t8al #a+ts o# th"s +ase "t "s a!!arent that
the reG8"re6ents o# stan("n7 8n(er the Nat"onal En,"ron6ental %ol"+9 A+t ha,e been 6et at
least "n re7ar( to the stan(ar( reG8"re( "n a )12b3 4 Mot"on.As re+o7n"<e( b9 the +o8rt "n Hanle9
14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST 4
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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,. M"t+hel +"te( "n the +o6!la"nt the <one o# "nterests en+o6!asse( b9 NE%A "n+l8(es the
G8al"t9 o# the 8rban en,"ron6ent as "t "s "6!a+te( b9 the a,a"lab"l"t9 o# (r87s.
%la"nt"## West has alle7e( "n the +o6!la"nt s8##"+"ent #a+ts (e6onstrat"n7 both !ro+e(8ral
har6 an( har6 to the 7eo7ra!h"+ ne>8s that he e6!lo9s on a (a"l9 bas"s. %la"nt"## e6!lo9s the
8rban en,"ron6ents o# Ol96!"a Seattle Ta+o6a Bell"n7ha6 an( ,ar"o8s other 8rban areas all
o# =h"+h are "6!a+te( b9 the #e(eral (eter6"nat"on to allo= State le7al"<at"on o# re+reat"onal
6ar";8ana to !ro+ee( 8n(er #e(eral +o66an(eer"n7 6an(ates.
As one #8rther +on+rete e>a6!le !la"nt"## "s a 6e6ber o# an( re78larl9 sho!s at the
Ol96!"a Foo( Co5o!. The Easts"(e Ol96!"a Foo( Co5o! lo+at"on "n Ol96!"a Wash"n7ton
#eat8res a nat8ral o!en s!a+e an( a !"+n"+ table o!en to the !8bl"+ that the !la"nt"## en;o9s an(
8t"l"<es #or re+reat"on b"r(=at+h"n7 an( #e(erall9 !rote+te( asso+"at"onal an( e>!ress",e
a+t","t"es. J8st a+ross the street the C"t9 an( L"G8or Control Boar( ha,e l"+ense( a re+reat"onal
6ar";8ana reta"l store. The C"t9 !lann"n7 #"le #or the a!!ro,al o# the I5?-1 store a+ross #ro6 the
Co5o! "n+l8(es a +o!9 o# an( re#eren+e to the +on("t"ons "n the Cole Me6oran(86 as a bas"s #or
the a!!ro,al o# the lan( 8se. %la"nt"## ="ll be "6!a+te( b9 th"s a+t"on ("re+tl9 tra+eable to the
a+ts o# the #e(eral (e#en(ants "n that he ="ll be s8b;e+te( to ele,ate( tra##"+ r"s: o# (r87 relate(
+r"6e an( (eter"orat"on o# the 8rban an( nat8ral en,"ron6ent "n the D7eo7ra!h"+ ne>8sE o# h"s
+o668nal sho!!"n7 +enter an( a(;a+ent areas o# re!ose an( re+reat"on.
In a(("t"on the on7o"n7 a!!ro,al o# 6ar";8ana 7ro="n7 o!erat"ons "n Th8rston Co8nt9 an(
thro87ho8t the State ha,e the !otent"al to se,erel9 "6!a+t the 8rban en,"ron6ent o# 8rban !ar:s
s8+h as s9l,ester !ar: 2=here !la"nt"## s!en(s 6an9 ha!!9 ho8rs #ee("n7 the sG8"rrels an(
=at+h"n7 b"r(s3 as =ell as the hab"tat o# #e(erall9 l"ste( an( en(an7ere( s!e+"es "n+l8("n7
sal6on 6arble( 68rrelet #al+ons ea7les an( the Ma<a6a %o+:et Ao!her =h"+h the !la"nt"##
shares the nat8ral en,"ron6ent ="th.
Th"s !otent"al har6 to the en,"ron6ent "s +o6!o8n(e( b9 the State0s #ollo="n7 the #e(eral
lea( "n re#8s"n7 to +on(8+t en,"ron6ental re,"e=. As Caroll Morr"s a res!e+te( 68n"+"!al
attorne9 has =r"tten #or the C"t9 o# %a+"#"+ "n re7ar( to I5?-1 l"+ens"n7 an( "6!le6entat"on...
2T3he StateKs anal9s"s o# the en,"ron6ental "6!a+ts o# s8+h 8ses =as
+8rsor9 an( the State has not +o6!l"e( ="th SE%A ="th re7ar( to "n(","(8al
l"+ense a!!l"+at"ons. At th"s !o"nt "n t"6e the C"t9 has no "n#or6at"on abo8t
the se+on(ar9 lan( 8se "6!a+ts o# the b8s"nesses s8+h as tra##"+ no"se
14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST +
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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o(or nee( #or a(("t"onal !ol"+e ser,"+es et+. The C"t9 (oesnKt e,en :no=
=hether the State ="ll ("l"7entl9 !er#or6 the"r en#or+e6ent res!ons"b"l"t"es
="th re7ar( to re+reat"onal 6ar";8ana b8s"nesses ="th l"+enses.
Th"s la+: o# en,"ron6ental re,"e= "s a state="(e !roble6 an( one that !art"+8larl9 "6!a+ts
the 7eo7ra!h"+ ne>8s that !la"nt"## West "nhab"ts an( e6!lo9s #or re+reat"on le"s8re b8s"ness
an( other (a"l9 a+t","t"es. Rel"e# "n the #or6 o# a Jo"nt NE%A5SE%A EIS =o8l( +erta"nl9 re(ress
th"s 8nha!!9 an( !otent"all9 ("sastro8s state o# a##a"rs.
These +on+erns are "n a(("t"on to the e>!resse( "nterest !la"nt"## West has as a ("a7nose(
6e("+al 6ar";8ana !at"ent "n the +ont"n8at"on o# the e>"st"n7 6e("+al 6ar";8ana s9ste6
8n#ettere( b9 +o66an(eer"n7 +onstra"nts "6!ose( b9 the #e(eral 7o,ern6ent.
VI THE FACTS ALLEGED) IN CO&"INATION WITH THE "LAC$ LETTER
!RECEDENT OF HANLE V6 &ITCHEL AND WEST V6 SECRETAR OF
TRANS!ORTATION ESTA"LISH "OTH !ROCEDURAL AND SU"STANTIVE
#HAR&%
As the .
th
C"r+8"t re+o7n"<e( "n West ,. Se+tretar9 o# trans!ortat"on 1-4 F.1( .1- 21---3
NE%A 8nl":e the LNat"onal Forest Mana7e6ent A+tM s"6!l9
78arantees a !art"+8lar !ro+e(8re not a !art"+8lar res8lt. Hen+e a !erson
="th stan("n7 =ho "s "n;8re( b9 a #a"l8re to +o6!l9 ="th NE%A !ro+e(8re
6a9 +o6!la"n o# that #a"l8re at the sa6e t"6e the #a"l8re ta:es !la+e #or the
+la"6 +an ne,er 7et r"!er. ?1B U.S. at @B@ 2+"tat"ons o6"tte(3. The ("ssent0s
#o+8s on har6 to Mr. West also see6s 6"s!la+e(. West has s8rel9 been
har6e( b9 the a!!l"+at"on o# a DCE s"n+e "t !re+l8(e( the :"n( o# !8bl"+
+o66ent an( !art"+"!at"on NE%A reG8"res "n the EIS !ro+ess. B8t the +ore
har6 NE%A !rote+ts a7a"nst "s har6 to the en,"ron6ent. See S"erra Cl8b ,.
Marsh /@1 F.1( *.@ ?-- 2)st C"r. )./.3 2Nthe har6 +ons"sts o# a((e( r"s:
to the en,"ron6ent that ta:es !la+e =hen 7o,ern6ental (e+"s"on6a:ers
6a:e 8! the"r 6"n(s ="tho8t ha,"n7 be#ore the6 an anal9s"s 2="th !8bl"+
+o66ent3 o# the l":el9 e##e+ts o# the"r (e+"s"on 8!on the en,"ron6ent.
NE%A0s ob;e+t "s to 6"n"6"<e that r"s: the r"s: o# 8n"n#or6e( +ho"+e . . . .N3.
S"6"larl9 "n Can/rell 36 Ci/y o* Long "eac+) 1*) F.B( 4@* 21--)3 othe Co8rt hel( that...
NE%A "s a !ro+e(8ral stat8te City of Davis v. Coleman ?1) F.1( 44)
4@- 2.th C"r. ).@?3 an( the b"r(=at+hers alle7e a N!ro+e(8ral "n;8r9N b9
+hallen7"n7 the a(eG8a+9 o# the Na,90s FEIS. To sat"s#9 the "n;8r9 "n #a+t
reG8"re6ent a !la"nt"## assert"n7 a !ro+e(8ral "n;8r9 68st sho= that Nthe
14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST -
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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!ro+e(8res "n G8est"on are (es"7ne( to !rote+t so6e threatene( +on+rete
"nterest o# h"s that "s the 8lt"6ate bas"s o# h"s stan("n7.N Lujan v. Defenders
of Wildlife ?-* U.S. ??? ?@B n./ L11 ELR 1-.)BM 2)..13. In NE%A +ases
=e ha,e (es+r"be( th"s N+on+rete "nterestN test as reG8"r"n7 a N7eo7ra!h"+
ne>8sN bet=een the "n(","(8al assert"n7 the +la"6 an( the lo+at"on s8##er"n7
an en,"ron6ental "6!a+t. Douglas County */ F.B( at )?-- n.? 2stat"n7 that
the 7eo7ra!h"+ ne>8s test "s the sa6e as the +on+rete "nterest test3. In th"s
+ase the #a+t that the b"r(=at+hers are see:"n7 to en#or+e a !ro+e(8ral r"7ht
(oes not a##e+t o8r "n;8r9 "n #a+t anal9s"sH as "n +on,ent"onal stan("n7 +ases
the b"r(=at+hers 68st sho= the "n,as"on o# a +on+rete an( !art"+8lar"<e(
"nterest.
B
The b"r(=at+hers assert that the9 ha,e a +on+rete "nterest "n ,"e="n7 the
b"r(s an( nat8ral en,"ron6ent at the Na,al Stat"on. The S8!re6e Co8rt has
hel( that Nen,"ron6ental !la"nt"##s a(eG8atel9 alle7e "n;8r9 "n #a+t =hen
the9 a,er that the9 8se the a##e+te( area an( are !ersons 0#or =ho6 the
aesthet"+ an( re+reat"onal ,al8es o# the area ="ll be lessene(0 b9 the
+hallen7e( a+t","t9.N Laidlaw )1- S. Ct. at @-? 2G8ot"n7 Sierra Club v.
Morton *-? U.S. @1@ @B? L1 ELR 1-).1M 2).@133F see also Defenders of
Wildlife ?-* U.S. at ?4154B 2NO# +o8rse the (es"re to 8se or obser,e an
an"6al s!e+"es e,en #or !8rel9 esthet"+ !8r!oses "s 8n(en"abl9 a
+o7n"<able "nterest #or !8r!oses o# stan("n7.N3. An en,"ron6ental !la"nt"##
nee( not l",e nearb9 to establ"sh a +on+rete "n;8r9F Nre!eate( re+reat"onal
8se "tsel# a++o6!an"e( b9 a +re("ble alle7at"on o# (es"re( #8t8re 8se +an be
s8##"+"ent e,en "# relat",el9 "n#reG8ent to (e6onstrate that en,"ron6ental
(e7ra(at"on o# the area "s "n;8r"o8s to that !erson.N Ecological Rights
ound! "#ER#$ v. %acific Lumber Co. 1B- F.B( ))*) ))*. LB) ELR 1-1*4M
2.th C"r. 1---3.
VII THE COLE &E&ORANDU& WAS DESIGNED AND E&!LOED NOT &EREL
AS A CO&&UNI CATI ON) "UT AS AN E5!RESSI ON OF FEDERAL
CO&&ANDEERING STE&&ING FRO& THE UNDERLING FEDERAL DECISION
The (e#en(ants err "n #o+8s"n7 on the te+hn"+al =or("n7 an( s8bstan+e o# the Cole
Me6oran(86 an( "n #a"l"n7 to re+o7n"<e the ("s!ar"t9 bet=een e>!ress"on an( +o668n"+at"on.
Wh"le te+hn"+all9 the Cole Me6oran(86 6a9 +o668n"+ate =hat "t e>!l"+"tl9 states
e##e+t",el9 the Cole Me6oran(86 =as e6!lo9e( to e>!ress an 8n(erl9"n7 #e(eral (eter6"nat"on
to +o66an(eer an( an "6!ro!er +o66an(eer"n7 relat"onsh"!.
S"6"larl9 "# a !8r,e9or o# !8bl"+ a++o66o(at"ons =ere to !ost s"7ns stat"n7 DIr"sh6en
6a9 a!!l9 #or e6!lo96entE DNe7ros are #ree to 8se the (r"n:"n7 #o8nta"ns alon7 ="th =h"tesE
or DThose o# the Je="sh #a"th as =ell as Chr"st"ans are en+o8ra7e( to 6a:e 8se o# o8r !8bl"+
14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST 7
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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sho=ersE these co--unica/ions) altho87h te+hn"+all9 ne8tral =o8l( be r"7ht#8ll9 seen b9 6ost
obser,ers to e7.ress an( +on,e9 e>tre6el9 o##ens",e an( ra+"st sent"6ents.
The Ant"5+o66an(eer"n7 Do+tr"ne at "ts +ore see:s to !rote+t a7a"nst e>!ress",e har6 to
the (8al so,ere"7nt9 o# #e(eral"s6 an( "s ,"olate( 6ost !ro#o8n(l9 b9 e>!ress"ons o# #e(eral
+ontrol "n+o6!at"ble ="th o8r #e(eral s9ste6. 2see A(a6 B. Co> E>!ress","s6 "n Fe(eral"s6 a
ne= (e#ense o# the Ant"5+o66an(eer"n7 R8le BB Lo9. L.A. L. Re,. )B-. 21---3. Th"s "s e>a+tl9
the t9!e o# e>!ress",e har6 that "s 6ost a!!arent "n the "nstant +ase. Ho=e,er there "s also
!ro+e(8ral an( s8bstant",e har6 #lo="n7 #ro6 the sa6e n8+le8s o# o!erat",e +o66an(eer"n7
(eter6"nat"ons.
The #a"l8re o# the (e#en(ants to +on(8+t a NE%A re,"e= o# the"r 8n(erl9"n7 (eter6"nat"on
to +o66an(eer rather than !ree6!t or (o noth"n7 "n res!onse to State le7al"<at"on o#
re+reat"onal 6ar";8ana res8lte( "n not onl9 8nre,"e=e( s"7n"#"+ant !otent"al "6!a+ts to the
en,"ron6ent b8t to the ,er9 str8+t8re o# #e(eral"s6 "tsel# that the Ant"5+o66an(eer"n7 (o+tr"ne
see:s to !rote+t #ro6 both s8bstant",e an( e>!ress",e har6.
%la"nt"## has alle7e( s!e+"#"+ #a+ts (e6onstrat"n7 the (an7ers !ose( to an( (e7ra(at"on to
the en,"ron6ent an( o8r #e(eral"st so+"al or(er res8lt"n7 #ro6 (e#en(ants0 a+t"ons ta:en ="tho8t
NE%A re,"e= to +o66an(eer State 7o,ern6ent s8##"+"ent to sat"s#9 stan("n7 an( Art"+le III
reG8"re6ents es!e+"all9 "n l"7ht o# the "6!ortant #e(eral "nterests "n,ol,e( "n th"s +ase.
VIII THE STATE HAS INTER!RETED THE UNDERLING FEDERAL DECISION
!ARTIALL E5!RESSED IN THE COLE &E&ORANDU& AS A SET OF
CO&ANDEERING INSTRUCTIONS
The +r"t"+al +"r+86stan+e that the (e#en(ants #a"l to re+o7n"<e "s that the Cole
Me6oran(86 =as not "ss8e( "n a ,a+886 b8t =as !art o# the s9ste6at"+ ser"es o#
+o668n"+at"ons !lea(e( "n the +o6!la"nt 2an( sho=n "n the e,"(en+e on #"le "n the +ase3 These
s9ste6at"+ +o668n"+at"ons "n+l8(e( the #e(eral (e+"s"on "ss8e( "n res!onse to te D(e+"s"on
!a+:a7esE !la+e( on #or6er Attorne9 Aenera Hol(er an( %res"(ent Oba6a0s (es:s the
8n6e6or"al"<e( tele!hone +all o# A878st 1. 1-)B bet=een Mr. Hol(er an# Ao,ernor Inslee an(
H"+:enloo!er an( the +o,er letter "ss8e( ="th the Cole Me6oran(86 ("re+te( at Ao,ernor
Inslee an( H"+:enloo!er. stat"n7 that lo+al #e(eral re!resentat",es =o8l( be +onta+t"n7 the6 Dto
ens8re that #e(eral !r"or"t"es are #8ll9 8n(erstoo(.E
14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST 8
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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Thro87ho8t the "6!le6entat"on o# I5?-1 b9 the State L"G8or Control Boar( "n the ESSB
?-B* Wor:7ro8! "n the State Le7"slat8re an( thro87ho8t State Ao,ern6ent =hat "s re+o7n"<e(
as the #e(eral 7o,ern6ent0s (e+"s"on to allo= State le7al"<at"on o# 6ar";8ana to !ro+ee( has also
been re+o7n"<e( as an a!!ro,al s8b;e+t to a D6an(ateE or set o# +o66an(eer"n7 "nstr8+t"ons. On
Jan8ar9 B 1-)* "n o!en +o8rt be#ore the Honorable Er": %r"+e "n,ol,"n7 the ESSB ?-B*
Wor:7ro8! an "ntera7en+9 tas: #or+e set 8! to "6!le6ent #e(eral +o66an(eer"n7 ("re+t",es
Wash"n7ton State Ass"stant Attorne9 Aeneral El"<abeth La7erber75Tho6!son state( as #ollo=sH
I th"n: that the 55 a7a"n the =or: that the =or: 7ro8! ("( =as
7ro8n(=or: an( not a to! se+ret +ons!"ra+9 to 8n(er6"ne the
6e("+al 6ar";8ana la=s. A7a"n "t0s the90re ;8st re+o66en(at"ons
re!resent"n7 the +on+erns o# L"G8or Control Boar( an( DOR an(
DOH !8rs8ant to so6e "ss8es that the #e(eral 7o,ern6ent
!"n!o"nte( an( sa"( =e nee( 9o8 O the #e(eral 7o,ern6ent sa"(
NWe nee( 9o8 to a((ress these "ss8es Le7"slat8re.N So the
le7"slat8re ha( to 7o to so6ebo(9 so the9 =ent to these a7en+"es
an( no= a7a"n "t0s 8! to the le7"slat8re to 6a:e the #"nal
(eter6"nat"ons o# =hat to (o ="th res!e+t to these "ss8es that the
#e(eral 7o,ern6ent has !o"nte( o8t. See Trans+r"!t o# Hear"n7 o#
Jan8ar9 B 1-)* on #"le ="th the Wash"n7ton State Co8rt o#
A!!eals D","s"on II "n Ca8se No. *??-/5)5II
%la"nt"## has also been s!e+"#"+all9 har6e( an( "n;8re( b9 the +lan(est"ne a+t"ons o# State
7o,ern6ent ta:en as the D(ra7oone(E !8!!ets o# #e(eral a8thor"t9 (an+"n7 on the #"n7ers o#
#e(eral +o66an(eer"n7 "nstr8+t"ons beh"n( +lose( (oors to "6!le6ent the #e(eral 7o,ern6ents0
6an(ates "n that he hs been reG8"re( to !a9 r8"no8s #"l"n7 #ees to she( s8nsh"ne 8!on the
=or:"n7s o# the ESSB ?-B* Wor:7ro8! an( obta"n ="thhel( re+or(s (e6onstrat"n7 the ,ar"o8s
"6!a+ts o# #e(eral +o66an(eer"n7 on state an( lo+al 7o,ern6ent an( the"r lan( 8se
(eter6"nat"ons an( !ol"+9 #or6at"on. He has ha( to e>!en( !re+"o8s reso8r+es to o!!ose
n86ero8s b"lls e>!ressl9 (es+r"be( b9 the"r le7"slat",e s!onsors as ne+essar9 to +o6!l9 ="th the
D#e(eral 6an(ateE to el"6"nate 6e("+al 6ar";8ana an( "6!ose #e(erall9 +reate( re78lator9
+on("t"ons base( 8!on 8n(erl9"n7 #e(eral a+t"ons s8!er#"+"all9 +o668n"+ate( an( e>!resse(
6ost a!!arentl9 "n the Cole Me6oran(86. These s!e+"#"+ an( !art"+8lar "6!a+ts are also
rele,ant to the "ss8e o# stan("n7 "n th"s +ase.
14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST 9
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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I5 CONCLUSION
As a 6atter o# +o66on sense an( "n +on#or6"t9 ="th the !res86!t",e reG8"re6ents o# FRC%
)12b34 an( the (o+tr"ne o# Res I!sa LoG8"t8r the a+t"ons o# the 2#or6er3 State (e#en(ants "n th"s
+ase an( the other State a+tors are the ("re+t an( !ro>"6ate res8lt o# the +o66an(eer"n7
("re+t",es o# the #e(eral 7o,ern6ent "n th"s +ase as the alle7e( +o66an(eere( a+t","t"es =o8l(
not ha,e ta:en !la+e ="tho8t the #e(eral (e#en(ants 6an"#est e>!ress"on o# 8n+onst"t8t"onal
+o66an(eer"n7. These +o66an(eer"n7 +o668n"+at"ons ("s+8ss"ons an( ("re+t",es ha,e been
s!e+"#"+all9 !lea( an( (e#en(ants 6a:e no atte6!t to (en9 the"r e>"sten+e.
Un(er a ("##er"n7 stan(ar( s8+h as a !ro!er 6ot"on #or s866ar9 ;8(76ent the (e#en(ants
6"7ht #are better b8t 8n(er the reG8"re6ents o# CR )12b34 the9 s"6!l9 +annot !re,a"l on the"r
st"lte( an( #ar5#et+he( ar786ents "n the #a+e o# the s!e+"#"+ alle7at"ons "n the +o6!la"nt =h"+h
!la"nt"## reasserts an( "n+or!orates here"n b9 re#eren+e.
As Ch"e# J8st"+e Po<"ns:" so sa7el9 obser,e( "n Conant ,. Walters B-. F.B( 41. 2.th
C"r 1--13...
Ne= &or: an( %r"nt< stan( #or the !ro!os"t"on that NLtMhe Fe(eral
Ao,ern6ent 6a9 ne"ther "ss8e ("re+t",es reG8"r"n7 the States to a((ress
!art"+8lar !roble6s nor +o66an( the States0 o##"+ers or those o# the"r
!ol"t"+al s8b(","s"ons to a(6"n"ster or en#or+e a #e(eral re78lator9
!ro7ra6.N %r"nt< ?1) U.S. at .B?...
2NThe Fra6ers s!l"t the ato6 o# so,ere"7nt9. It =as the 7en"8s o# the"r
"(ea that o8r +"t"<ens =o8l( ha,e t=o !ol"t"+al +a!a+"t"es one state an( one
#e(eral ea+h !rote+te( #ro6 "n+8rs"on b9 the other.NU.S. Ter6 L"6"ts In+.
,. Thornton ?)* U.S. @@. /B/ 2)..?3 2Penne(9 J. +on+8rr"n733...
These +he+:s =or: "n tan(e6 to ens8re that the #e(eral 7o,ern6ent
le7"slates "n areas o# tr8l9 nat"onal +on+ern =h"le the states reta"n
"n(e!en(ent !o=er to re78late areas better s8"te( to lo+al 7o,ernan+e.
The #e(eral (e#en(ants0 a+t"ons "n th"s +ase ha,e res8lte( "n s8bstant",e !ro+e(8ral an(
e>!ress",e har6 to the en,"ron6ent #e(eral"s6 an( the !la"nt"##0s !art"+8lar"<e( "nterests an(
the (e#en(ants0 6ot"on 68st be (en"e(.
I Arth8r West +ert"#9 the #ore7o"n7 to be +orre+t an( tr8e 8n(er !enalt9 o# !er;8r9. Date(
th"s B
r(
(a9 o# O+tober 1-)* "n Ol96!"a.
SQArth8r West
ARTHUR WEST
14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST 10
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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Arth8r West
)1- State A,e NE R)*.@
Ol96!"a Wash"n7ton ./?-)
U6S6 Dis/ric/ Cour/) Dis/ric/ o* Colu-2ia
888 Cons/i/u/ion A3enue N6W6
Was+ing/on D6C6 9:::;
14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST 11
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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14-cv-0098 ARTHUR WEST 12
PLAINTIFF'S 120 State Ave NE #1497
REPLY O!"#$a% Wa&'$()t*( 98+01
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