West Visayas State university

College of Education
La Paz, Iloilo City


JOYLIN S. PAURILLO DR. ROSEMARIE GALVEZ
M.A.Ed SECONDARY MATHEMATICS PROFESSOR, MTH 518

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Real Numbers
1, -6,,,, 0.12, 0.777... 31
Rational Numbers
5, -47, 0.62,
Non-integers
2
3
,
5
9
, 0.333, 0.14, 0.125
Integers
4, 3, 2, 1,0,1,2,3,4,
Negative Integers
5, 4, 3, 2, 1
Whole numbers
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,
Zero
0
Positive Integers
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,
Irrational
Numbers
,, 5
THE REAL NUMBER SYSTEM
The schematic diagram above serves as a visual representation of the different
subsets of real numbers.
A real number is any element of set R, which contains the set of rational numbers and
irrational numbers.
Rational number is any number that can be express as the ratio of an integer to non-
zero integer.
Irrational numbers are real numbers that cannot be expressed as the ratio of an integer.
The set of Integers is a subset of real numbers. These are composed of negative, zero,
and positive integers.



West Visayas State university
College of Education
La Paz, Iloilo City


JOYLIN S. PAURILLO DR. ROSEMARIE GALVEZ
M.A.Ed SECONDARY MATHEMATICS PROFESSOR, MTH 518

The intersection of two lines can be determined graphically by graphing the
two lines and identifying the point of intersection.
Example:
Solve the system of linear equation by graphing.
-3x-2y = -8
x - 2y =0.



From the graph, the point of intersection is at point (2,1).


West Visayas State university
College of Education
La Paz, Iloilo City


JOYLIN S. PAURILLO DR. ROSEMARIE GALVEZ
M.A.Ed SECONDARY MATHEMATICS PROFESSOR, MTH 518

Simplifying Rational Expressions

A rational expression is said to be in simplest form if the numerator and the
denominator have no common factor except 1. To reduce a rational expression in simplest
form, get the prime factors of the numerator and the denominator, then cancel the common
factors.
Example:
Simplify:

3
+
2
6

3
3
2
+2

Solution:

3
+
2
6

3
3
2
+2
=
(
2
+6)
(
2
3+2)

=
()(+3)
()(1)

=
+3
1


Simplify the following rational expressions
1.

2
+6

2
+23


2.
3
2
2
2
2
+3



3.
(+2)(
2
4+4)
(1)(
2
+5+6)


4.

2
9

2
+27


West Visayas State university
College of Education
La Paz, Iloilo City


JOYLIN S. PAURILLO DR. ROSEMARIE GALVEZ
M.A.Ed SECONDARY MATHEMATICS PROFESSOR, MTH 518
Theorems on Limits
Theorem 1: The limit of the any constant is equal to itself.

=
Theorem 2: The limit of the any variable x as approaches to a is equal to a.

=
Theorem 3: The limit of the sum of two (or more) functions is equal to the sum of their limits.

[() +()] =

() +

()
Theorem 4: The limit of the product of two (or more) functions is equal to the product of their
limits.

[()()] = [

()] + [

()]
Theorem 5: The limit of the product of two (or more) functions is equal to the product of their
limits.
Lim

()
()
=
lim

()
lim

()
if lim

() 0

Examples:
1. Evaluate lim
3
(
3
+4)

Solution
lim
3
(
3
+4) = lim
3

3
+ lim
3
4
= (lim
3
) (lim
3
) (lim
3
)+ (lim
3
4) (lim
3
)
= 3(3)(3) + 4(3)
= 27 + 12
= 39
2. Evaluate lim
2

3
9+10

2
4


Solution
lim
2

3
9+10

2
4
= lim
2
(2)(
2
+25)
(2)(+2)

= lim
2
(
2
+25)
(+2)

=
lim
2
(
2
+25)
lim
2
(+2)

=
4+45
2+2

=
3
4

West Visayas State university
College of Education
La Paz, Iloilo City


JOYLIN S. PAURILLO DR. ROSEMARIE GALVEZ
M.A.Ed SECONDARY MATHEMATICS PROFESSOR, MTH 518

Tangent Circles
Two circles are tangent to each other if and only if they are coplanar and are tangent to the
same line at the same point.










A common tangent is a line that is tangent to each of the two coplanar circles.











P

A

B
D

C
A common internal tangent is a
common tangent that intersects
the segment joining the centers of
the two circles.
In the figure, the common
internal tangent is segment AD.
A
D
B


C
A common external tangent is a
common tangent that does not
intersects the segment joining the
centers of the two circles.
In the figure, the common
external tangent is segment AD.
Two circles are externally
tangent if and only if each
lies in the exterior of the
other except for the point of
tangency
Two circles are internally
tangent if and only if each
lies in the interior of the
other except for the point of
tangency