Aklan State University

College of Fisheries and Marine Sciences

New Washington, Aklan

Project
In
Nat. Sci1
Mutant and Genetically Modified Organism

Submitted by:
Jomie Grace Mansayon
Diane Dalida
BSCA-1
Submitted to:
Ms. Reina Ruth Oquendo Teodosio




Genetically modified organism (GMO), organism whose genome has been
engineered in the laboratory in order to favour the expression of desired
physiological traits or the production of desired biological products. In
conventional livestock production, crop farming, and even pet breeding, it
has long been the practice to breed select individuals of a species in order
to produce offspring that have desirable traits. In genetic modification,
however, recombinant genetic technologies are employed to produce
organisms whose genomes have been precisely altered at the molecular
level, usually by the inclusion of genes from unrelated species of organisms
that code for traits that would not be obtained easily through conventional
selective breeding.
GMOs are produced using scientific methods that include recombinant
DNA technology and reproductive. Reproductive cloning technology
generates offspring that are genetically identical to the parent by the
transfer of an entire donor nucleus into the enucleated cytoplasm of a
host egg. The first animal produced using this cloning technique was a
sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. Since then a number of other animals,
including pigs, horses, and dogs, have been generated using reproductive
cloning technology. Recombinant DNA technology, on the other hand,
involves the insertion of one or more individual genes from an organism of
one species into the DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) of another. Whole-
genome replacement, involving the transplantation of one bacterial genome
into the cell body, or cytoplasm, of another microorganism, has been
reported, although this technology is still limited to basic scientific
applications.
GMOs produced through genetic technologies have become a part of
everyday life, entering into society through agriculture, medicine, research,
and environmental management. However, while GMOs have benefited
human society in many ways, some disadvantages exist; therefore, the
production of GMOs remains a highly controversial topic in many parts of
the world.

Vacanti Mouse
The Vacanti mouse was a laboratory mouse that had what looked like a
human ear grown on its back. The ear was actually an ear-shaped
cartilage structure grown by seeding cow cartilage cells into a
biodegradable ear-shaped mold. The ear mouse, as it became known as,
was created by Dr. Charles Vacanti, at the University of Massachusetts in
1995. Created to demonstrate a method of fabricating cartilage structures
for transplantation into human patients, a resorbable polyester fabric was
infiltrated with bovine cartilage cells and implanted under the skin of a
hairless mouse. The mouse itself was a commonly used strain of
immunocompromised mouse, preventing a transplant rejection.




Dolly the Sheep
Not so cool or disturbing enough but dolly would hit this list for sure since
she was the first ever cloned animal which means that she was produced
from a single microscopic cell from a single parent (who hadnt mated of-
course). Cloning techniques might be used widely now in some part of
worlds for food but dolly remains remarkable in being the first mammal to
be cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer.
Normally off-springs are a result of interaction of sex cells but in case of
dollys birth, sex cells werent involved. She was cloned by Ian Wilmut,
Keith Campbell and colleagues at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh in
Scotland. She was born on 5 July 1996 and she lived until the age of six. She
has been called the worlds most famous sheep by sources including BBC
News and Scientific American. To good, dolly was fertile and produced 6
lambs in total. She died in 2003, living about half as long as a typical sheep.
She developed a lung disease common in older sheep.










GloFish
The GloFish is a patented brand of genetically modified (GM) fluorescent
zebrafish with bright red, green, and orange fluorescent color. The original
zebrafish from which the GloFish was developed measures three
centimeters long and has gold and dark blue stripes. In 1999, Dr. Zhiyuan
Gong and his colleagues at the National University of Singapore were
working with a gene called green fluorescent protein (GFP), originally
extracted from a jellyfish, that naturally produced bright green
bioluminescence. They inserted the gene into a zebrafish embryo, allowing
it to integrate into the zebrafishs genome, which caused the fish to be
brightly fluorescent under both natural white light and ultraviolet light.
Their goal was to develop a fish that could detect pollution by selectively
fluorescing in the presence of environmental toxins. It is the first
genetically modified animal to become publicly available as a pet.


See-Through Frog

Dissecting animals for science has sparked controversies worldwide, even
prompting some companies to create computer simulations as cruelty-free
alternatives. For high school students everywhere, this revealing amphibian
may be a cut above regular frogs. Thats because the see-through frog does
not require dissection to see its organs, blood vessels, and eggs. You can see
through the skin how organs grow, how cancer starts and develops. Its a
miracle of genetic engineering and surely a cool mutant gift to students.



Sudden-Death Mosquito
Oxitec which is a British bio-tech company, has created genetically
modified mosquitoes, which are programmed for sudden, early death.
Oxitecs technology is a variation of a proven process called sterile insect
technique It involves irradiating male insects, causing mutations that make
them sterile. When released into the wild, they mate with females passing
on lethal genes which either kills the female or at least kills the youngs in
her so then she fails to reproduce . Scientists at this British bio tech
company said they have evidence that their genetically modified
mosquitoes can by this way for sure control the spread of dengue fever.




The Umbuku Lizard
Unlike the other genetically modified organisms in our countdown, the
fabrication of this little lizard has no practical and scientific reason behind it.
It was done simply to prove that it can be done. Scientists managed to find
a gene in the DNA of the Umbuku, a rare species of lizards living in Africa,
which once altered gave them the ability to fly. Currently, there are six
flying Umbuku reported to have been created.




Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (also called Lewandowsky-Lutz dysplasia
or Lutz-Lewandowsky epidermodysplasia verruciformis) is an extremely
rare autosomal recessive genetic hereditary skin disorder associated with a
high risk of carcinoma of the skin. It is characterized by abnormal
susceptibility to human papillomaviruses (HPVs) of the skin. The people
resemble bark of trees.


Progeria
Progeria (also known as HutchinsonGilford progeria syndrome and
HutchinsonGilford syndrome) is an extremely rare, severe, genetic
condition wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at
an early age. The disorder has a very low incidence and occurs in one per
eight million live births. Those born with progeria typically live about thirteen
years, although many have been known to live into their late teens and
early twenties and rare individuals may even reach their forties. It is a
genetic condition that occurs as a new mutation and is not usually
inherited, although there is a uniquely inheritable form. This is in contrast to
another rare but similar premature aging syndrome, dyskeratosis congenita
(DKC), which is inheritable and will often be expressed multiple times in a
family line.
It caused by a single gene affect in childs genetic code resulting in
hastening of normal aging process thus causing premature aging.












He will keep you strong to the end, so that you will be blameless
on the day our Lord Jesus Christ.
God,
who has called you into fellowship
with his Son Jesus Christ our Lord,
is faithful.
1 Corinthians 1:8-9

Answer me when I call to you,
O my righteous God.
Give me relief
from my distress;
be merciful to me
and hear my prayer.
Psalm 4:1