LESSON

5
LECTURE
RIGGING SAFETY
SUB-OBJECTIVE
At the end of the Lesson the Trainees i!! "e a"!e to des#ri"e itho$t error
Ri%%in% Safet&'
(') FORE*OR+
The Law requires that all Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackle shall be
examined by a Competent Person every six months !hen not in use,
therefore, all lifting tackle should be carefully stored in the proper
place so that it may be easily located and made available when
inspections or tests are due
Remember, that the safety of yourself and others depends upon the
condition of the tackle used, so report doubtful equipment to your
"upervisor and never mistreat appliances
,') RULES - GENERAL
# $ach item of equipment must be examined before use
defective appliances must be brought to the attention of
your "upervisor
% &o chain, rope or other appliance may be used for any
load exceeding the "afe !orking Load '"!L( stamped
on the appliance or as shown in the charts and in the
tables shown in the Lifting Tackle "tores
) *nder no circumstances must the load exceed the rated
capacity of the Crane
+ !here possible, learn the weight of the load and the
weight of your Lifting Tackle, since the total weight to be
lifted is the sum of the two ,lways use Tackle of ample
dimensions when loads of unknown weight are to be
lifted
- The Crane .ook must be positioned over the load to
prevent the load swinging when raised Clear and
correct signals must be given to the Crane /river by the
"linger or authori0ed person responsible for the lift
&ote1only authori0ed person to give the signal to the
Crane /river for any specific lift "ee 2ig #31-1# for
hand signals from slingers to crane operator
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 9
LESSON 5 PAGE 1 CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS
3 4ake sure that the load is free before lifting and avoid
being trapped when the strain is taken .alt the lifting of
the load after it has been raised a few inches to ensure
that it is securely slung before continuing with the lift
5 , void carrying the load over the heads of persons and
where necessary warn persons in the vicinity to keep
clear
6 !ire Rope "lings and Chains must never be shortened
by tying knots in them, or by wrapping them around the
Crane .ook, neither must Chains be 7oined or shortened
by means of 8olts or !ires *se the correct length of
"ling or approved device for ad7usting the length of the
"ling
9 "ling should be protected from sharp edges by soft wood
or other suitable packing Care should also be taken to
avoid loads resting on "lings as this will cause
deterioration "ee 2ig #31-1- and 2ig #31-13
#: The Crane must not be allowed to move with "lings
trailing from the .ook in a dangerous manner !here
low headroom etc, limits the use of the full length of a
2ibre Rope "ling, the excess must be hitched back in a
safe manner
## ,ll end links, rings or shackles should ride freely upon
the Crane .ook
#% !hen multi1slings are used, each leg of the "ling should,
wherever possible, be loaded evenly "lings of sufficient
length should be selected to avoid flattened angles
between legs but not of such length as to seriously
reduce headroom
#) The "afe !orking Load of a "ling is reduced by the
widening of the angle between legs of "lings !hen
lifting slabs, plates, reels or bulky ob7ects care must be
taken to ensure that the angle of the "ling does not
exceed the stated angle "ee 2ig #31-1% ; #31-1) The
effect of on "lings when changing the angle and also see
2ig #31-1+ .ow to reduce the load on "lings
#+ , load must never be carried loosely in the loop of a
"ling, or "lings 4ake sure the bight is properly
ad7usted
MODULE 9 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS LESSON 5 PAGE 2
15. <n no account must any person ride the .ook or travel on
any part of the load being carried by a Crane, except when
authori0ed passenger carrying equipment is used, eg
8osun=s Chair, Cradle etc
Fi%' (--5-('
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 9
LESSON 5 PAGE 3 CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS
*IRE RO.E SLINGS
# , !ire Rope "ling, the eye of which has been made by a
>Liverpool "plice> one formed by twisting the strands
around the lay of the rope, must never be used singly
because when loaded the rope is liable to untwist, thus
allowing the splice to open and split
% !ire Ropes should be kept lubricated and not allowed to
become rusty Check the condition of them on receipt
and return to the store after use so that they can be
properly maintained
) , !ire Rope must not be used if the number of visible
broken wires appear to be excessive and should be
reported to your "upervisor
FIBRE RO.E SLINGS
# 2ibre Rope "lings must be inspected before use and
frequently checked whilst in use !hen stored, they
should be hung to avoid contamination by moisture,
acids etc
% *ntwisting the strands at intervals of several feet to
expose the interior should inspect ropes and any serious
defects reported to your "upervisor
EYEBOTLS - C/AC0LES ETC
# <nly the proper pin must be used in "hackles Loose
bolts, bars etc, must not be used
% *se eyebolts with a collar wherever possible, ensuring
that the eyebolt is screwed down fully "ling directly from
the eyebolt and never pass the leg of a "ling through
more than one eyebolt
SLING ANGLES
The stresses in the legs of a sling increase as the angle between them
increases *sing the human body and two buckets filled with water it
is not difficult to demonstrate the effects of lifting a load at narrow and
wide angles The arms represent slings and lift angles
Fi%' 1-5-,' shos the ar2s 3erti#a! and a reasona"!& eas& !iftin%
#ondition'
MODULE 9 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS LESSON 5 PAGE 4
Fi%' 1-5-,'
Fi%' 1-5-4' shos the ar2 stret#hed "e&ond its !i2it' The "od&
and s!in%s are not desi%ned to ta5e ne#essar& strains'
Fi%' 1-5-4'
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 9
LESSON 5 PAGE 5 CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS
Fi%' (--5-6' Effe#t of an%!e on s!in%s'
4') 7OVE7ENT AN+ STAC0ING OF LOA+S
# ,lways be alert for the movement of road and rail traffic
whilst slinging loads, especially when stacking on
stationary vehicles or wagons The driver of a vehicle
should apply the hand brake prior to loading or off1
loading operations ?n the case of trailers, check that the
hand brake is applied and@or wheels scotched
% "tack materials securely and make provision where
necessary for its subsequent removal
) $nsure that there is a firm foundation for the stack and
allow for the removal of slings without disturbance
8ricks are not reliable packing
) !agons should not be overloaded and care should be
exercised to avoid pro7ections when placing loads on
wagons, as this could cause danger in transit
+ Centre the load onto trucks, trailers, etc, to avoid the
possibility of tipping Load to the /rivers instructions
MODULE 9 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS LESSON 5 PAGE 6
- 4ake full use of suitable wedges when stacking reels,
drums bars, pipes etc
3 ,void obstructing gangways when stacking materials and
never stack loads within ) ft of rail lines
6') .RO.ER USE OF SLINGS
6'( SLINGS AN+ /ITC/ES
The type of sling or hitch to be used should be determined from the
shape of the load and by the flexibility, and condition of the rope or
wire ?n lifting multiple ob7ects
"uch as a load of lumber or steel sheathing, the sling should bind on
the load sufficiently to prevent slipping of the individual pieces
?n handling single pieces, such as timbers, posts or piles, a timber
hitch with % half hitches 'or a similar hitch( should be used
?n using rope as straps for hooking on to tackle blocks there should be
the same number of parts of rope in the strap as there are moving
parts in the tackle
2or instance, if triple block tackle is used, there should be six parts of
rope for the strap
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 9
LESSON 5 PAGE 7 CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS
Fi%' 1-5-5'
MODULE 9 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS LESSON 5 PAGE 8
Fi%' 1-5--'
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 9
LESSON 5 PAGE 9 CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS
5') SLINGING 7ET/O+ AN+ BALANCING T/E *EIG/T
Reeving "ling using single sling A Lifting short lengths of tube, bars or
rods "afety 1 ensure materials closely packed before lifting
Fi%' 1-5-()'
MODULE 9 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS LESSON 5 PAGE 10
Reeving "ling using two slingsA lifting tubes, bars or rods
Fi%' 1-5-(('
/ouble !rap "lingsA the /ouble !rap "ling grips the load and helps
to prevent the load from slipping side ways out of the sling
Fi%' 1-5-(,'
SLINGING 7ET/O+S
Cradle "lingA lifting coils of strip steel
"afety 1 packing should be used on all sharp edges
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 9
LESSON 5 PAGE 11 CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS
Fi%' 1-5-(4'
Cradle "lingA lifting boilers and packing cases
Fi%' 1-5-(6'
MODULE 9 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS LESSON 5 PAGE 12
Fi%' 1-5-(5'
Fi%' 1-5-(5
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 9
LESSON 5 PAGE 13 CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS
8UESTIONS
# True or 2alse The law requires that all chains, rapes and lifting tackle
shall be examined by a competent person every six months
% True or 2alse ,s general safety rules their is no need to examined
each item be for use
) True or 2alse '"!L( means "afe working load
+ True or 2alse *nder emergency circumstances load can be
exceeded the rated capacity of the crane
- True or 2alse The crane must be positioned over the load to prevent
the load swinging when raised
3 True or 2alse ,void carrying the load over the heads of persons
5 True or 2alse The safe working load of a sling is increased by the
widening of the angle between legs of slings
FILL IN T/E BLAN0S'
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9 <nly the proper BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBmust be used in shackles
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used
#: "lings should be protected from
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MODULE 9 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
CRANES AND LIFTING MATERIALS LESSON 5 PAGE 14