The Constitution of Ecuador grants nature, or Pachamama, rights to exist and regenerate. It establishes that individuals, communities, or nations may demand that public bodies respect nature's rights. The State will also promote incentives for protecting nature. Additionally, nature has the right to full restoration from environmental damage, regardless of compensation to people affected. The State will apply precautionary measures to activities endangering species, ecosystems, or natural cycles. Individuals also have a right to benefit from environmental wealth.
The Constitution of Ecuador grants nature, or Pachamama, rights to exist and regenerate. It establishes that individuals, communities, or nations may demand that public bodies respect nature's rights. The State will also promote incentives for protecting nature. Additionally, nature has the right to full restoration from environmental damage, regardless of compensation to people affected. The State will apply precautionary measures to activities endangering species, ecosystems, or natural cycles. Individuals also have a right to benefit from environmental wealth.
The Constitution of Ecuador grants nature, or Pachamama, rights to exist and regenerate. It establishes that individuals, communities, or nations may demand that public bodies respect nature's rights. The State will also promote incentives for protecting nature. Additionally, nature has the right to full restoration from environmental damage, regardless of compensation to people affected. The State will apply precautionary measures to activities endangering species, ecosystems, or natural cycles. Individuals also have a right to benefit from environmental wealth.
Constitution of Ecuador, Adopted by Vote of the People September 28, 2008
(Translation at www.celdf.org and Google Translator)
TITLE II FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Chapter 1: Entitlement, Application and Interpretation Principles of the Fundamental Rights
Art. 10: Persons and people have the fundamental rights guaranteed in this Constitution and in the international human rights instruments.
Nature is subject to those rights given by this Constitution and Law.
Chapter 7: Rights of Nature
Art. 71. Nature or Pachamama, where life is reproduced and exists, has the right to exist, persist, maintain itself and regenerate its own vital cycles, structure, functions and its evolutionary processes.
Any person, people, community or nationality, may demand the observance of the rights of the natural environment before public bodies. The application and interpretation of these rights will follow the related principles established in the Constitution.
The State will motivate natural and juridical persons as well as collectives to protect nature; it will promote respect towards all the elements that form an ecosystem.
Art. 72. Nature has the right to be completely restored. This complete restoration is independent of the obligation on natural and juridical persons or the State to compensate people or collective groups that depend on the natural systems.
In the cases of severe or permanent environmental impact, including the ones caused by the exploitation of nonrenewable natural resources, the State will establish the most efficient mechanisms for the restoration, and will adopt the adequate measures to eliminate or mitigate the harmful environmental consequences.
Art. 73. The State will apply precaution and restriction measures in all the activities that can lead to the extinction of species, the destruction of the ecosystems or the permanent alteration of the natural cycles.
The introduction of organisms and organic and inorganic material that can alter in a definitive way the national genetic heritage is prohibited.
Art. 74. The persons, people, communities and nationalities will have the right to benefit from the environment and form natural wealth that will allow wellbeing.
The environmental services cannot be appropriated; its production, provision, use and exploitation, will be regulated by the State. TTULO II DERECHOS
Captulo primero: Principios de aplicacin de los derechos
Art. 10.- Las personas, comunidades, pueblos, nacionalidades y colectivos son titulares y gozarn de los derechos garantizados en la Constitucin y en los instrumentos internacionales.
La naturaleza ser sujeto de aquellos derechos que le reconozca la Constitucin.
Captulo sptimo: Derechos de la naturaleza
Art. 71.- La naturaleza o Pacha Mama, donde se reproduce y realiza la vida, tiene derecho a que se respete integralmente su existencia y el mantenimiento y regeneracin de sus ciclos vitales, estructura, funciones y procesos evolutivos.
Toda persona, comunidad, pueblo o nacionalidad podr exigir a la autoridad pblica el cumplimiento de los derechos de la naturaleza. Para aplicar e interpretar estos derechos se observaran los principios establecidos en la Constitucin, en lo que proceda.
El Estado incentivar a las personas naturales y jurdicas, y a los colectivos, para que protejan la naturaleza, y promover el respeto a todos los elementos que forman un ecosistema.
Art. 72.- La naturaleza tiene derecho a la restauracin. Esta restauracin ser independiente de la obligacin que tienen el Estado y las personas naturales o jurdicas de Indemnizar a los individuos y colectivos que dependan de los sistemas naturales afectados.
En los casos de impacto ambiental grave o permanente, incluidos los ocasionados por la explotacin de los recursos naturales no renovables, el Estado establecer los mecanismos ms eficaces para alcanzar la restauracin, y adoptar las medidas adecuadas para eliminar o mitigar las consecuencias ambientales nocivas.
Art. 73.- EI Estado aplicar medidas de precaucin y restriccin para las actividades que puedan conducir a la extincin de especies, la destruccin de ecosistemas o la alteracin permanente de los ciclos naturales.
Se prohbe la introduccin de organismos y material orgnico e inorgnico que puedan alterar de manera definitiva el patrimonio gentico nacional.
Art. 74.- Las personas, comunidades, pueblos y nacionalidades tendrn derecho a beneficiarse del ambiente y de las riquezas naturales que les permitan el buen vivir.
Los servicios ambientales no sern susceptibles de apropiacin; su produccin, prestacin, uso y aprovechamiento sern regulados por el Estado.
Notes On Environmental Laws and Acts in Indian Judicial System Ebook & Lecture Notes PDF Download (Studynama - Com - India's Biggest Website For Law Study Material Downloads)