Assignment B 2015 ( Mathematical Modelling)

Introduction
- Hyperboloid
- Brief usage of calculus
- The mechanism that controls water level (eg. water tank)

Methodology
- Application of integration to find volume
- Time taken = volume/rate
- Using chain rule
- Using differential equations (separation of variables)
- Application of differentiation to find the rate of change and extreme
values.
- Using Excel (optional) for graphical representation
- Solve quadratic equations or by trial and error or method of tabulation
- Solving optimization problems.


Results

1a. 25
2
x - 16( )
2
9 y = 225


( )
2
2
225 16 9
25
y
x
+
=

V =
14
2
0
x dy t (
}

=
( )
14
2
0
16
9 18 81
25
y y dy t
(
+ +
(

}


=

= 968.2 m
3
Or 308.19 m
3
or 308 14/75

Time =
968.197
180

= 5.379 hrs
= 5.38 hrs





b) Assume h is the height of the water level at time t
V=
( )
2
0
225 16 9
( )
25
h y
dy t
+
}


= .

= ( )
3 16 3888
9 9
75 25
h h t
(
+ +
(

, 0 h 14

c) ( )
2 16
9 3 9
25
dV
h
dh
t t
(
= +


When h = 9, 9
dV
dh
t =

dh dh dV
dt dV dt
=

1 20
180
9
dh
dt t t
= = meters per hr


2a) k = 20, n=1

( ) 20 14
dV
y
dt
=
For 0 y 5, 180
dt
dv
280
For 5 < y 14, 0
dt
dv
180
Before the height (water level) reaches 5 m level, the rate is bigger than 180 m
3

per hour. But after 5 m, the rate is smaller than 180 m
3
per hour. Hence it can
be anticipated that after the mechanism is installed, the time taken to fill up the
container will be longer.

Reasons: without mechanism, the rate is constant (180m).
With mechanism, the rate is decreasing.

Or
Draw graph of dv/dt against height (y). since dv/dt decrease and the volume of
the tank is constant, therefore the time taken will be longer (time taken =
volume/rate)

Or

Any reasonable reasons by students.
dt
dv

280
14 5 0
180
y
2 a (ii)
dy dy dV
dt dV dt
=

=
( )
( )
2
1
20 14
16
9 9
25
y
y t t

+


=
( )
( )
2
500 14
225 16 9
y
y t

(
+



Separating the variables and integrate

( )
( )
( )
2
9
225 500
16
14 14
y
dy dy t c
y y t

+ = +

} }



. . .
( )
2
500
625ln 14 8 64
t
y y y c
t
+ = +

When t=0, y=0 c = - 625ln14


therefore
( )
2
14 500
625 ln 8 64
14
t
y y
y t
(
+ =
(

t = y 64 (
500
t
8y
2
+ 625 ln
y 14
14
)
since y14, then y 14, t 78.48
time taken = 78.48 hours.

2b) k=15, n=
1
2


( )
1
2
15 14
dV
y
dt
=


dy dV dy
dt dt dV
=

=
( )
( )
1
2
2
1
15 14
16
9 9
25
y
y t t

+

=
( )
( )
1
2
2
375 14
225 16 9
y
y t

(
+



Let
dy
R
dt
=
R =
( )
( )
1
2
2
375 14
225 16 9
y
y t

(
+


For max and min values,

Method 1: Using Excel, plot graph dh/dt against height from 0 to 14 and
determine the min and max from the table.

Method 2: Using tables of values of h and dh/dt,
It is minimum when the cross-section of the tank is widest

h dh/dt
0 0.2936
1 0344
1.5 0.375


Do conclusion. Minimum when h=0
It is maximum when part of the tank is narrowest

h Dh/dt
8.3 1.223
8.4 1.224
8.5 1.222


Do conclusion. Maximum when h=8.4

Method 3: 2
nd
derivative test as below:

( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1
2
2
2
2
1
225 16 9 375 14 1 375 14 32 9
2
[225 16 9 ]
y y y y
dR
dy
y
t t
t
(
(
+ (
(


=
+

For max and min values of R(rate of increase of height of water in
container),
0
dR
dy
=
Therefore
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2
2
1
225 16 9 375 14 1 375 14 32 9
2
y y y y t t
(
(
+ (
(


=0

Simplifying , we get a Quadratic Equation




48y
2
1184y + 6543 = 0
y = 16.31 (ignore) or y = 8.359

maximum rate = 1.224 when y = 8.359 m
minimum rate = 0 when y = 14 m

Conclusion.
- Without the mechanism, when the height is 9 m at the narrowest part of
the container, the dh/dt is maximum.
- With the mechanism:
a) To fill the tank, time taken is .(any value given by
student) ..with .(reasonable reasons)
b) when the height is 8.4 m, the dh/dt is maximum.
- Certain mechanism can be applied to control the water flow.
- Discuss the suitability of the hyperboloid shape as a water tank(as
compared to real- life shape) .