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  • Steel Is An Alloy of Iron and Carbon That Is Widely Used In: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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    Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that is widely used in construction and other applications due to its hardness and tensile strength. Carbon and other elements act as hardening agents that prevent the movement of iron atoms in the crystal lattice, making steel stronger but less ductile than pure iron. Modern steel production methods like the Bessemer process and basic oxygen steelmaking have lowered costs and improved quality, resulting in steel being one of the most common materials in the world with over 1.3 billion tons produced annually. Steel is used extensively in buildings, infrastructure, transportation, tools, appliances, and weapons.

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    Steel

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    Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that is widely used in construction and other applications due to its hardness and tensile strength. Carbon and other elements act as hardening agents that prevent the movement of iron atoms in the crystal lattice, making steel stronger but less ductile than pure iron. Modern steel production methods like the Bessemer process and basic oxygen steelmaking have lowered costs and improved quality, resulting in steel being one of the most common materials in the world with over 1.3 billion tons produced annually. Steel is used extensively in buildings, infrastructure, transportation, tools, appliances, and weapons.

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    46 views1 page

    Steel Is An Alloy of Iron and Carbon That Is Widely Used In: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

    Uploaded by

    shah_aditk
    Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that is widely used in construction and other applications due to its hardness and tensile strength. Carbon and other elements act as hardening agents that prevent the movement of iron atoms in the crystal lattice, making steel stronger but less ductile than pure iron. Modern steel production methods like the Bessemer process and basic oxygen steelmaking have lowered costs and improved quality, resulting in steel being one of the most common materials in the world with over 1.3 billion tons produced annually. Steel is used extensively in buildings, infrastructure, transportation, tools, appliances, and weapons.

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    of 1

    Thesteelcableofacollierywinding

    tower
    FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
    Steelisanalloyofironandcarbonthatiswidelyusedin
    constructionandotherapplicationsbecauseofitshardnessand
    tensilestrength.Carbon,otherelements,andinclusionswithin
    ironactashardeningagentsthatpreventthemovementof
    dislocationsthatnaturallyexistintheironatomcrystallattices.
    Thecarbonintypicalsteelalloysmaycontributeupto2.1%ofits
    weight.Varyingtheamountofalloyingelements,theirformation
    inthesteeleitherassoluteelements,orasprecipitatedphases,
    retardsthemovementofthosedislocationsthatmakeironso
    ductileandweak,andthuscontrolsqualitiessuchasthe
    hardness,ductility,andtensilestrengthoftheresultingsteel.
    Steel'sstrengthcomparedtopureironisonlypossibleatthe
    expenseofductility,ofwhichironhasanexcess.
    Althoughsteelhadbeenproducedinbloomeryfurnacesfor
    thousandsofyears,steel'suseexpandedextensivelyaftermore
    efficientproductionmethodsweredevisedinthe17thcentury
    forblistersteelandthencruciblesteel.Withtheinventionofthe
    Bessemerprocessinthemid19thcentury,aneweraof
    massproducedsteelbegan.ThiswasfollowedbySiemensMartinprocessandthenGilchristThomas
    processthatrefinedthequalityofsteel.Withtheirintroductions,mildsteelreplacedwroughtiron.
    Furtherrefinementsintheprocess,suchasbasicoxygensteelmaking(BOS),largelyreplacedearlier
    methodsbyfurtherloweringthecostofproductionandincreasingthequalityofthemetal.Today,
    steelisoneofthemostcommonmaterialsintheworld,withmorethan1.3billiontonsproduced
    annually.Itisamajorcomponentinbuildings,infrastructure,tools,ships,automobiles,machines,
    appliances,andweapons.Modernsteelisgenerallyidentifiedbyvariousgradesdefinedbyassorted
    standardsorganizations.
    1Definitionsandrelatedmaterials
    2Materialproperties
    2.1Heattreatment
    3Steelproduction
    4Historyofsteelmaking
    4.1Ancientsteel
    4.2WootzsteelandDamascussteel
    4.3Modernsteelmaking
    4.3.1Processesstartingfrombariron
    4.3.2Processesstartingfrompigiron
    5Steelindustry
    6Recycling
    SteelWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel
    1of15 10/17/201412:53PM

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