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1.At 310Kthe partial vapour pressures of a substance B dissolved in a liquid A are as follows:
x
B
0.010 0.015 0.020
P
B
/kPa 82.0 122.0 166.1
Show that the solution obeys Henry's law in this range of mole fractionsand calculate Henry's
law constant at 310 K.

Check that p
B
/x
B
=a constant(K
B
)
x
B
0.010 0.015 0.020
(P
B
/x
B
)/kPa 8.2!10
3
8.1!10
3
8.3!10
3


K
B
=p/xaverage value is 8.2 !10
3


2.The addition of 5.00g of a compound to 250g of naphthalene lowered the freezing point of the
solvent by 0.780 K. Calculate the molar mass of the compound.

K
f
= 6.94 for naphthalene
B
B
n
B of mass
M =
B B
b e naphthalen of mass n =
f
B
K
T
b

= so
T e naphthalen of mass
K B of mass
M
f
B

=
) (
) (

1
1
178
) 780 . 0 ( ) 250 . 0 (
) 94 . 6 ( ) 00 . 5 (

= mol g
K kg
mol kg K g
M
B


3.Consider a container of volume 250 mL that is divided into two compartments of equal size. In
the left compartment there is argon at 100 kPa and 0"#in the right compartment there is neon
at the same temperature and pressure. Calculate the entropy and Gibbs energy of mixing when
the partition is removed. Assume that the gases are perfect.

) ln ln (
B B A A mix
x x x x nRT G + =
Ne Ar
n n = 5 . 0 = =
Ne Ar
x x
RT
pV
n n n
Ne Ar
= + =
2 ln )
2
1
ln
2
1
2
1
ln
2
1
( pV pV G
mix
= + =
2 ln
10
1
) 250 . 0 ( ) 10 100 (
3
3
3

=
L
m
L Pa J m Pa 3 . 17 3 . 17
3
= =
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= =

=
K
J
T
G
S
mix
mix
273
3 . 17
6.34 !10
-2
JK
-1


4.Given that 02308 . 0 ) ( *
2
= O H p atm and 02239 . 0 ) ( *
2
= O H p atm in a solution in which
0.122kg of a non-volatile solute (M=241gmol
-1
) is dissolved in 0.920kg water at 293K
calculate the activity and activity coefficient of water in the solution.

Let A=water and B=solute.
9701 . 0
02308 . 0
02239 . 0
*
= = =
atm
atm
p
p
a
A
A
A


A
A
A
x
a
= and
B A
A
A
n n
n
x
+
=

mol
mol kg
kg
n
A
05 . 51
01802 . 0
920 . 0
1
=

mol
mol kg
kg
n
B
506 . 0
241 . 0
122 . 0
1
=

990 . 0
506 . 0 05 . 51
05 . 51
=
+
=
A
x 980 . 0
990 . 0
9701 . 0
= =
A


5.Benzene and toluene form nearly ideal solutions. The boiling point of pure benzene is 80.1".
Calculate the chemical potential of benzene relative to that of pure benzene when x
benzene
=0.30
at its boiling point. If the activity coefficient of benzene in this solution were actually 0.93
rather than 1.00, what would be its vapour pressure?

B=Benzene
B B B
x RT l l ln ) ( ) (
*
+ =
1 1 1
3536 ) 30 . 0 (ln ) 3 . 353 ( ) 314 . 8 ( ln

= = mol J K mol K J x RT
B

Thusits chemical potential is lowered by this amount.
Torr Torr p x p a p
B B B B B B
212 ) 760 ( ) 30 . 0 ( ) 93 . 0 (
* *
= = = =

Question: What is the lowering of the chemical potential in the nonideal solution with
93 . 0 = ?

6.By measuring the equilibrium between liquid and vapour phases of a solution at 30" at 1.00
atmit was found that x
A
=0.220 when y
A
=0.314. Calculate the activities and activity
coefficients of both components in this solution on the Raoult's law basis. The vapour
pressures of the pure components at this temperature are- kPa p
A
0 . 73
*
= and kPa p
B
1 . 92
*
= .
.x
A
is the mole fraction in the liquid and y
A
the mole fraction in the vapour./
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314 . 0
760
= =
+
=
Torr
p
p p
p
y
A
B A
A
A

Torr Torr p
A
64 . 238 ) 314 . 0 ( ) 760 ( = =
Torr Torr Torr p
B
36 . 521 64 . 238 760 = =
436 . 0
)
760
( )
101325
1
( ) 10 0 . 73 (
64 . 238
3
*
=

= =
atm
Torr
Pa
atm
Pa
Torr
p
p
a
A
A
A

755 . 0
)
760
( )
101325
1
( ) 10 1 . 92 (
36 . 521
3
*
=

= =
atm
Torr
Pa
atm
Pa
Torr
p
p
a
B
B
B

98 . 1
220 . 0
436 . 0
= = =
A
A
A
x
a

968 . 0
780 . 0
755 . 0
= = =
B
B
B
x
a


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