Types:

Fdera
lyperer|a|Corges||or
lerorr|age
T|roroos|s|0lC
Froo||sr
lrlarc||or
3|oc|
Normal Distribution of Body Water
||rera| 7
la| 15
Fx|race||u|ar
l|u|d 40 ol |o|a|
oody Wa|er
l|asra 5
Trarsce||u|ar
l|u|d
lr|ers||||a| l|u|d 13
lr|race||u|ar l|u|d
o0
lr|race||u|ar l|u|d 40
Body Water
lr|race||u|ar 2|3
Extracellular 1/3 Interstitial 9!
Intra"ascular !
Normal #luid $omeostasis
- |a|r|a|r|rg o|ood |r ||qu|d s|a|e ur||| suc| ||re as |rjury
recess||a|es c|o| lorra||or.
- 0yrar|c roverer|s ard exc|arges ol l|u|d lror ore
corpar|rer| |o aro||er |r a s|eady s|a|e ard equ|||or|ur.
- Fxc|arge ol l|u|d oe|Weer vascu|ar ard |r|ers||||a|
corpar|rer|s.
- Fxc|arge a| cap|||ary roverer|s
- No re| ga|r||oss ol l|u|d
- lyrp|a||c dra|rage p|ays a par| |r ra|r|a|r|rg |||s
equ|||or|ur
- |a|r|erarce W||||r p|ys|o|og|ca| rarges ol.
o Frdo||e||a||vesse| Wa|| |r|egr||y
o lr|ravascu|ar pressure
o l|asra osro|ar||y
- C|arges W||| allec| ||e re| roverer| ol Wa|er across ||e
vascu|ar Wa||.
#orces t%at Dri"e Normal #luid Exc%an&e
lydros|a||c lressure 'ncotic/'smotic
(ressure
l ol l|u|d |r corl|red
space
|overer| ol l|u|d across
a ser|-perreao|e
rerorare
)ffected by/*aintained by:
C0, vesse| Wa||
e|as||c||y, vascu|ar |ore,
o|ood vo|ure
pro|e|r |eve| |r o|ood,
a|our|r |r serur pro|e|r
(ros| |rp|.)
+c%ematic Dia&ram
*ec%anism of ,apillary Exc%an&e
I- EDE*) - accuru|a||or ol l|u|d |r ||e |r|ers||||ur ard oody
cav|||es.
)- Types
1- Inflammatory Edema - : vascu|ar perreao||||y.
.- Non/inflammatory Edema 0 c|arges |r
|erodyrar|c lorces.
Inflammatory Non/Inflammatory
lro|e|r-r|c| l|u|d due |o
a||ered perreao||||y ol
erdo||e||a| ce||s
pro|. Cor|er| N0
a||erra||or |r erdo||e||a|
perreao||||y
l|or|r-r|c| l|u|d N0 l|or|r |r l|u|d
Typ|ca| lrl|arra|ory
ce||s
N0 |rl|arra|ory ce||s
30 > 1.020 30 < 1.012
usua||y l0CAllZF0
process
0l|er 0FNFbAllZF0 process
3- 1enerali2ed (a|a Arasarca)
- Caused oy Cll (Corges||ve lear| la||ure), N3
(Nep|ro||c 3yrdrore), ard |a|ru|r|||or
- Fx. lydrops le|a||s - le|us |as excess l|u|d |r
W|o|e oody
3- 4ocali2ed
- a| a oody area or cav||y
- Types.
o lydroper|card|ur
o lydro||orax | l|eura| Fllus|or
o lydroper||oreur | Asc|||s
1
Erys.Cecille.Rvin.Tiff
Inflammatory "s- Non/Inflammatory Edema
lrl|arra|ory Nor-lrl|arra|ory
lro|e|r-r|c| oecause ol
a||ered perreao||||y ol
erdo||e||a| ce||s
loWer pro|e|r cor|er| ro
a||era||or |r erdo||e||a|
perreao||||y
l|or|r-r|c| l|u|d No l|or|r |r l|u|d
lrl|arra|ory ce||s |yp|ca| No lrl|arra|ory ce||s |r l|u|d
3pec|l|c grav||y > 1.020 3pec|l|c grav||y < 1.012
usua||y a |oca||zed process 0l|er a gerera||zed process
(These differences can be used in analyzing fluid from tissue
cavities.)
Transudate "s- Exudate
3pec|l|c
grav||y
< 1.012 > 1.020
lro|e|r loW l|g|
Ce|| cor|er| leW ce||s l|g| ce||s
la||ogeres|s lydros|a||c
|roa|arce
lrc vascu|ar
perreao||||y
B- (at%op%ysiolo&ic cate&ories of edema
1. |ydros|a||c pressure
2. p|asra osro||c pressure
3. lyrp|a||c oos|ruc||or
4. 3od|ur re|er||or
5. lrl|arra||or
C. *ec%anism: $(
1. lrpa|red verous re|urr|lrc verous pressure
-Cll
-Cors|r|c||ve per|card|||s
-l|ver c|rr|os|s
-verous oos|ruc||or | corpress|or
2. Ar|er|o|ar d||a|a||or
-lea|
-Neuro|urora| regu|a||or
*ec%anisms of Edema: Increased $ydrostatic (ressure
(at%o&enesis of Edema in ,irr%osis
(at%o&enesis of edema in ,$#
D. *ec%anism: '(
-Nep|ro||c syrdrore
-l|ver c|rr|os|s
-|a|ru|r|||or
-lro|e|r |os|rg er|eropa||y
*ec%anisms of Edema: Decreased 'smotic (ressure in Blood
(at%o&enesis of Nep%rotic +yndrome
E-,auses:
1- 4ymp%atic obstruction
-Turor |rl|||ra||or
-lrl|arra|ory scarr|rg (ex. l||ar|as|s)
-los|surg|ca| corp||ca||or
-los|rad|a||or corp||ca||or
.- Na/$.o 5etention
-Acu|e rera| la||ure
- sa|| |r|a|e
- |uou|ar reaosorp||or
3- Inflammation
-Acu|e |rl|arra||or
-C|ror|c |rl|arra||or
-Arg|ogeres|s
2
Erys.Cecille.Rvin.Tiff
#- Edema *orp%olo&y
1. 0ross
-We|g||
-0rgarorega|y
-|o|s|, We|, g||s|er|rg
-3uocu|areous edera - deperder||p||||rg
2. l|s|o|og|c
-looser|rg|separa||or ol ex|race||u|ar ra|r|x
-Accuru|a||or ol poor s|a|r|rg ex|race||u|ar ra|er|a|
(Wa|er)

,erebral Edema
-Assoc|a|ed d|seases. ora|r |urors, |rlec||or,
llN, |rjury
-3|3. s|upor, cora, dea||
-CX. |err|a||or
-|orp|o|ogy. er|argerer|, sWe|||rg, rarroW|rg ol
su|c|, d|s|er||or ol gyr|
1- ,linical +i&nificance of Edema
Fdera ol v||a| orgars
a. lurgs resp|ra|ory |rsull|c|ercy|la||ure
b. Brain increase ICP brain herniation
II- $6(E5E*I) )ND ,'N1E+TI'N - |oca| |rcreased
vo|ure ol o|ood |r ar allec|ed orgar or ||ssue
)- $yperemia (Ac||ve lyperer|a)
- lrcreased o|ood l|oW |o cap|||ar|es secordary |o
ar|er|a||ar|er|o|ar d||a|a||or
- Fx. 8|us||rg
B- ,on&estion (lass|ve lyperer|a)
- be|er||or ol o|ood secordary |o |rpa|red verous
dra|rage
- Fx. Cll
3
Erys.Cecille.Rvin.Tiff
(ulmonary Edema
- Assoc|a|ed d|seases are lv la||ure, rera| la||ure, adu||
resp|ra|ory d|s|ress syrdrore (Ab03), |rlec||ors
- 3|grs ard syrp|ors. dysprea (d|ll|cu||y |r orea|||rg),
paroxysra| roc|urra| dysprea (occurs a| r|g||, usua||y
al|er |ours ol s|eep|rg), or||oprea (d|ll|cu||y |r orea|||rg
W|||e |r |y|rg pos|||or)
- |orp|o|ogy.
- 0|s|erded a|veo|| W||| p|r|, pro|e|raceous l|u|d
- 3ep|a| corges||or
)cti"e "s- (assi"e $yperemia
la||ogeres|s |orp|o|ogy
)cti"e
$yperemia
Ar| d||a|a||or 2rdary |o 3N3
s||r|vasoac||ve suos
8r|g|| red
d|sco|ora||or
Fx. 8|us||rg.
Fxerc|se, |rl|ar
(assi"e
$yperemia/
,on&estion
lrpa|red ou|l|oW
verous oos|ruc||or
8|ue-red
d|sco|ora||or
(cyaro||c)
B- Types of ,on&estion
1. Acu|e corges||or - pass|ve |yperer|a
2. C|ror|c corges||or - |org s|ard|rg corges||or
,- )cute (ulmonary ,on&estion: *orp%olo&y
-leavy dar| red, v|o|aceous
-3ep|a| cap|||ary ergorged ard |||c|ered W||| o|ood
-Assoc|a|ed sep|a| edera, a|veo|ar |erorr|age, & edera
D- ,%ronic (assi"e ,on&estion of 4un&: *orp%olo&y
-T||c|ered, l|oro||c a|veo|ar sep|a| Wa||
-A|veo|ar corges||or|sep|a| |erorr|age
-lear| la||ure ce||s
-lorg s|ard|rg. pu|rorary llN
E- )cute $epatic ,on&estion
-Cer|ra| verous corges||or
-Cer|ra| |epa|ocy||c recros|s ard |erorr|ages
-3par|rg ol per|por|a| |epa|ocy|es
#- ,(, of 4i"er
-`Nu|reg' ||ver
-Cer|r||oou|ar recros|s, |eros|der|r racrop|ages
-lorg s|ard|rg corp||ca||or. card|ac c|rr|os|s
4
Erys.Cecille.Rvin.Tiff
III- $E*'55$)1E-ex|ravasa||or ol b8C secordary |o
o|ood vesse| rup|ure
)- Types of $emorr%a&e
1. )s to site:
-lero||orax
-leroper|card|ur
-leroper||oreur
-lerar||ros|s
2. )s to si2e:
a. le|ec||ae - 1-2 rr
o. lurpura - >3 rr
c. Fcc|yros|s - >1-2 cr
d. lera|ora - |arge poo|s ol o|ood
B- (at%o&enesis
1. Traura, |acera||or
2. A||erosc|eros|s
3. lrl|arra|ory
4.Neop|as||c eros|or ol o|ood vesse|
5. lerorr|ag|c d|a||es|s
,- ,linical +i&nificance
1. 3|gr|l|car| o|ood |oss
|erorr|ag|c||ypovo|er|c s|oc|
2. 8|eed|rg |r|o v||a| orgars |||e ora|r, |urg ard
per|card|ur (card|ac |arporade)
3. Fx|erra| o|ood |oss |ror del|c|ercy arer|a
4. lr|erra| o|ood |oss jaurd|ce
I7- T$5'*B'+I+ 0 lorra||or ol so||d c|o||ed rass
(||rorous) der|ved lror o|ood e|erer|s (vesse|, p|a|e|e|s,
Cl) |r|ravascu|ar|y |r a ||v|rg persor.
(ostmortem ,lot
/ C|o|||rg al|er dea||
5
Erys.Cecille.Rvin.Tiff
- lorred ex|ravascu|ar|y
- lrvo|ves or|y c|o|||rg lac|ors
- buooery, ge|a||rous, perlec| cas| or vesse| Wa||
- No| a||ac|ed |o erdo||e||ur
- `Currar| je||y' c|o| (|r|erse|y red oecause || |s lourd
pr|r|ar||y |r ||e verous c|rcu|a||or, rore b8Cs are
|rapped)
- `C||c|er la|' c|o| (lourd |r ar|er|es W|ere|r o|ood
roves las|er |ess b8Cs are |rapped ye||oW|s|
co|or)
T%rombus (ostmortem ,lot
,onsistency 0ry & lr|ao|e |o|s| & je||y-|||e
+urface 0raru|ar & roug| 3roo||, g||s|er|rg
,olor w|||e or oull lr|erse red|ye||oW
)ttac%ment To vesse| Wa|| No| a||ac|ed |o
vesse| Wa||
Endot%elium 0araged||rjured urdaraged
,omposition lr|rar||y p|a|e|e|s lr|rar||y l|or|r
5apidity of
Blood #lo8
lr l|oW|rg s|rear ol
o|ood
lr s|agrar| co|urr ol
o|ood
)nimal l|v|rg 0ead
'r&ani2ation lar||y orgar|zed Nore
#unctions of Normal $emostasis 9#unction::
1. |a|r|erarce ol o|ood |r a l|u|d, c|o| lree s|a|e.
2. Ao||||y |o produce |eros|a||c p|ug a| s||e ol vascu|ar |rjury
#actors:
1. 8|ood vesse||erdo||e||ur
2. l|a|e|e|s
3. Coagu|a||or 3ys|er
$emostasis: vasocors|r|c||or 1 |eros|a||c p|ug 2
|eros|a||c p|ug ||roroos|s ard ar|| ||roroo||c ever|s.
)- 7asoconstriction
s||ru|a|ed oy vascu|ar |rjury.
|ed|a|ed oy
o 3yrpa||e||c rervous sys|er (ep|rep|r|re,
adrera||r ac| as vasocors|r|c|ors)
o Frdo||e||r secre||or daraged ov Wa||
secre|s erdo||e||r vasocors|r|c||or
|ed|a|ed oy. 3yrpa||e||c N3 & Frdo||e||r secre||or.
Blood 7essel Wall ,ontribution:
1. F|aoora||or ol pro||roroo||c lac|or suos|arces.
a. vor w|||eorard lac|or (vwl) - p|a|e|e| o|rd|rg co-
lac|or
o. Fx|r|rs|c ||ssue lac|or- ac||va|es ex|r|rs|c c|o|||rg
pa||Way
c. l|asr|roger ac||va|ors
lr||o||ors - |r||o|| l|or|ro|ys|s (N.8. l|asr|roger sp|||s
l|or|r)
2. lrsu|a||or ol p|a|e|e|s lror suoerdo||e||a| co||ager.
3. F|aoora||or ol |urora| lac|ors
Fx. Frdo||e||r vasocors|r|c||or
4. bo|e ol suoerdo||e||a| co||ager.
(suoerdo||e||a| darage exposure ol suoerdo||e||a|
co||ager p|a|e|e|s are ragre|s |o co||ager
||roroos|s)
5. F|aoora||or ol ar||||roroo||c suos|arce
a. l|a|e|e| aggrega|or |r||o||ors. pros|acyc||r, A0lase,
r||r|c ox|de
o. Ar||-||roro|r |r||o||ors. ||roroorodu||r, |epar|r-|||e
ro|ecu|e
c. l|or|ro|y||c. ||ssue p|asr|roger ac||va|or (|-lA)
o. Fx|race||u|ar ra|r|x - rade up ol co||ager, pro|eog|ycar,
l|ororec||r, o||er ad|es|ve g|ycopro|e|rs.
B- (rimary $emostatic (lu&
(latelet 5ole in $emostasis:
1- lorra||or ol 1 leros|a||c l|ug
l|a|e|e| ad|es|or - a||ac|rer| |o s||e ol |rjury ard
exposed co||ager.
- reeds vwl |o or|dge p|a|e|e| ard co||ager.
.- l|a|e|e| secre||or ard re|ease
A|p|a graru|es. l|or|roger, l|ororec||r, l00l, ll4
0erse 8od|es. A0l, Ca, l|s|ar|re, 3ero|or|r
3- l|a|e|e| aggrega||or (p|a|e|e| |o p|a|e|e| |r|erac||or) -
|erporary 1 |eros|a||c p|ug
- s||ru|a|ed oy A0l, TXA2, ||roro|r.
3- l|a|e|e| cor|rac||or - v|scous re|arorp|os|s, 2
|eros|a||c p|ug, red|a|ed oc|oryos|r.
,- +econdary $emostatic (lu&
5ole of ,oa&ulation +ystem in $emostasis
- T|roro|r l|or|roger
- l|or|r ||rorous
- ex|r|rs|c ard |r|r|rs|c pa||Way
6
Erys.Cecille.Rvin.Tiff
D- T%rombosis
)nti/,lottin& *ec%anism
- 0ep|e||or ol c|o|||rg lac|ors
- C|eararce ol c|o|||rg lac|ors oy ||ver
- l|ror|ro|ys|s. l|asr|c ard p|asr|rogers
- Ar||-||roro|r
(redisposin& #actors:
1. lrjury |o erdo||e||ur. acu|e ryocard|a| |rlarc||or,
a||erosc|eros|s, c|gare||e sro||rg, vascu||||s,
|yper|ers|or, |yperc|o|es|ero|er|a.
2. A||era||or |r rorra| o|ood l|oW. s|as|s, areurysr,
va|vu|ar s|eros|s|regurg||a||or, vascu|ar oos|ruc||ors.
3. A||erra||or |r ||e o|ood (|ypercoagu|a||ve s|a|e) -
|rroo|||za||or, ra||grarcy, AlA3, 0lC, N3, ora|
cor|racep||ve use.
Disseminated Intra"ascular
,oa&ulation/,oa&ulopat%y 9DI,:
Ar acu|e, suoacu|e or c|ror|c ||roroo-eroo||c
d|sorder occurr|rg as a secordary corp||ca||or ol a
var|e|y ol c||r|ca| ds, preser||rg W||| ||roroo||c
|sc|er|a, corsurp||or coagu|opa||y ard s|oc|
AKA. 0elr|or|ra||or 3yrdrore
||croc|rcu|a|ory T|roro.
Corsurp||or Coagu|opa||y
C||r|ca| Assoc|a||ors.
seps|s ourrs
sra|e o||es s|oc|
aorup||or p|acer|a AlF
re|a|red dead le|us carc|rora|os|s
|orp|o|ogy. ru|||p|e r|cro||roro| |r d|llerer| orgars
(ora|r, |ear|, |urgs, ||dreys, adrera|s), secordary
|sc|er|c||ypox|c |rjury |o ||ssues, ru|||p|e
|erorr|ages.
)- *orp%olo&y
- Frdo||e||a| Wa|| a||ac|rer|s
- 0ross ard r|croscop|c |ar|ra||ors (lines of ;a%n:
- Corpos|||ors. |ar|ra|ed p|a|e|e|s, l|or|r, b8C ard w8C
B- Types of T%rombi:
1. |ura| ||rorous (lourd a| aor|a, surlace ol |ear|,
ver|r|c|es, a|r|a)
2. vege|a||ors (lourd a| va|ves)
3. Ar|er|a||occ|us|ve|W|||e or corg|u||ra||or ||roro|
(N.8. |ess red ce|| e|erer|s W|||e)
4. verous|p||eoo||roroos|s|red or coagu|a||ve ||roro|
)5TE5I)4 T$5'*BI 7EN'<+ T$5'*BI
3||e ol |rjury||urou|erce 3||e ol s|as|s
be|rograde groW|| lorWard propaga||or
0cc|us|or 0cc|us|or ard lragrer|a||or
0ray W|||e ||roro| bed, s|as|s ||roro|
l|a|e|e| & l|or|r > b8C b8C >
,- ,linical +i&nificance:
1. 0os|ruc||or ol o|ood l|oW |sc|er|a, |rlarc||or
2. 3ource ol ||roroo - eroo||
D- 'utcome
1. lropaga||or
2. lys|s ard reso|u||or
3. Froo||za||or
4. 0rgar|za||or
N.8. ||rorous a| |urg = usua||y eroo||c |r ra|ure
7
Erys.Cecille.Rvin.Tiff
7- E*B'4I+* / lrocess oy W||c| a de|ac|ed
|r|ravascu|ar so||d, ||qu|d or gaseous rass (eroo|us) |s carr|ed
v|a o|ood s|rear |o a s||e d|s|ar| |o ||s po|r| ol or|g|r.
)- Types:
1- (ulmonary T%rombo/embolism
- 95 ar|se lror deep ve|rs ol ||e |eg
- |ajor||y |odges |r |arge ard red|ur s|zed pu|rorary
A.
- Assoc|a|ed d|seases|s|a|es. |rroo|||za||or, recer|
surgery, card|ac ds, carc|rora.
*orp%olo&y
- T|roroo-eroo|| lr ||e pu|rorary a.. sadd|e
eroo|us, paradox|ca| eroo|us
- |ay |ave |erorr|ag|c |rlarc||or ol ||e |urg
,linical +e=uelae
1. Acu|e bv la||ure
2. 3udder card|ac dea||
3. lu|rorary |yper|ers|or
4. beso|u||or|orgar|za||or
5. lu|rorary |rlarc||or ard |erorr|age
.- +ystemic embolism
- |rave||rg W||||r ar|er|a| c|rcu|a||or. A|ros| a|Ways
occ|us|ve ard ||erelore produces |rlarc||ors.
+ources:
1- 80 rura| ||rorous.
- lv lror A|l
- b a|r|ur lror bl0
.- 0||ers.
- Aor||c areurysrs, va|ves (10-15 ur|roWr
pr|rary)
+ite of 4od&ment:
- 75 |oWer ex|rer|||es
- 10 ora|r
- bes|. v|scera, upper ex|rer|||es
3- )mniotic fluid embolism
- Froo||c ra|er|a| are |r le|a| s||r, |arugo |a|r, verr|x
caseosa, ruc|r, o||e, arr|o||c l|u|d deor|s.
- Al ra|er|a| |rlused |r|o ra|erra| c|rcu|a||or
- usua||y corp||ca||or ol d|ll|cu|| de||ver.
- 80 (l|g|) ror|a|||y ra|e
,omplications:
1- 0lC
.- 0|lluse a|veo|ar darage
3- lu|rorary edera
3- Adu|| resp|ra|ory d|s|ress syrdrore (Ab03)
3- )ir embolism (oaro|rauras)
- Froo||c suos|arces are d|sso|ved gases. lroduce
corp|e|e oos|ruc||or ard d|s|a| |sc|er|c |rjury.
,auses:
- bup|ure ol 8v dur|rg d|ll|cu|| de||very
- bup|ure dur|rg ||oraco|ory 2 preuro||orax
- lurg |raura
- bap|d decorpress|or arorg deep sea d|vers
Decompression +ic>ness
- besu|| ol sudder c|arges |r a|rosp|er|c l.
- Assoc|a|ed W||| deep sea d|vers, rap|d descer| |r
urpressur|zed a|rcral|
- 0|sso|v|rg ol r||roger |r o|ood ard ||ssues
Types:
1. Acu|e 0ecorpress|or - ||e `oerds' (|r
jo|r|s|s|e|e|a| rs), `c|o|es' (|r |urgs).
2. C|ror|c 0ecorp (Ca|ssor's 0s) - pers|s|erce ol
a|r eroo||sr |r s|e|e|a| sys|er W||c| |eads |o
ru|||p|e |sc|er|c recros|s ol oore.
- #at/c%olesterol embolism
8
Erys.Cecille.Rvin.Tiff
- Froo||c ra|er|a|. la||rarroW
- Corp||ca||or ol lrac|ure, |raura, ourrs
- 0r|y 10 W||| |ave c||r|ca| s|s
- Assoc W| pu|rorary, reuro|og|c syrp ard pe|ec||a|
s||r ras|es
- 10 la|a|||y ra|e
(at%o&enesis:
1. |ec|ar|ca| vascu|ar oos|ruc||or
2. Frdo||e||a| |rjury lror lree lA W||| p|a|e|e| ard b8C
aggrega||or
requ|res 3udar, 0||-red-0 s|a|r |o derors|ra|e la| g|oou|es
7I- IN#)5,TI'N 0 ar area ol |sc|er|c recros|s ol
orgar|||ssue as a resu|| ol ar|er|a| or verous occ|us|or
- 99 resu||s lror ||roroo||c or ||roroo-eroo||c
occ|us|or ol ar|er|es.
)- ,auses:
- T|roroo||c occ|us|or
- Froo||c occ|us|or
- T|roroo-eroo||c occ|us|or
- Fx|r|rs|c corpress|or ol o|ood vesse|s
- TW|s||rg ol o|ood vesse|s
- Trapp|rg ol v|scus
- vasospasr
B- Types of Infarcts:
1- )nemic 9 8%ite : Infarcts
- ar|er|a| occ|us|or
- so||d ||ssues (|ear|, sp|eer, ||drey)
- s|rg|e 83 (erd ar|ery)
.- $emorr%a&ic 9 red : Infarcts
- verous occ|us|or
- |oose ||ssues (|urg)
- douo|e c|rcu|a||or
- prev|ous|y corges|ed ||ssue
- re-vascu|ar|za||or ol ar|er|a| occ|us|or
3- +eptic Infarcts 0 W||| |rlec||or
3- Bland Infarcts 0 s|er||e |rlarc||or
,- *orp%olo&y:
- wedge s|aped W||| apex po|r||rg |o occ|us|or
- la|e or |g|c , s|arp or poor|y del|red rarg|rs
- lrl|arra|ory resporse a| per|p|ery
- Coagu|a||or recros|s |r ros| orgars
- l|qu|lac||ve recros|s |r ora|r
D- #actors t%at )ffect De"elopment of an Infarct
Na|ure ol 83
ba|e ol dev'| ol occ|us|or
vu|rerao||||y ol ||ssue |o |ypox|a
8|ood 02 cor|er|
E. Diseases: acu|e |l, cereora| |rlarc||or (s|ro|e),
gargrere
7II- +$',? 0 sys|er|c |ypoperlus|or ol ||ssues
2 |o reduc||or ol C0 or ellec||ve c|rcu|a||rg 8v.
- lroduces |ypo|ers|or, arox|a, ard ce||u|ar
dea||.
)- Types:
1- ,ardio&enic 0 |r|erse ryocard|a| darage
.- $ypo"olemic/$emorr%a&ic 0 |radequa|e
o|ood|p|asra vo|
3- +eptic 0 erdo|oxer|a per|p|era| vasod||a||or
3- Neuro&enic 0 3N3 rec|ar|sr per|p|era|
vasod||a||or
- )nap%ylactic 0 lg-F red|a|ed |ypersers|||v||y rxr
vasod||a||or.
B- +ta&es of +%oc>:
1- Nonpro&ressi"e/,ompensated 0 C0 ard 8l are
ra|r|a|red oy secre||or ol oarorecep|ors,
ca|ec|o|ar|res, A0l, 3N3, b-A-A resu|||rg |r
|ac|ycard|a, per|p|era| vC, s||r pa||or.
.- (ro&ressi"e +ta&e 0 pers|s|erce ol s|oc|, orse| ol
||ssue |ypoperlus|or | arox|a re|ao ac|dos|s
vasoro|or resporse vasod||a||or.
- lypo|ers|or, o||gur|a, cereora| depress|or
3- Irre"ersible +ta&e 0 severe ce||u|ar|||ssue |rjury
- |ar|ed reduc||or ol 8l, C0.
- bera| s|u|doWr
- worser|rg ol re|aoo||c ac|dos|s
- Cora ard dea||.
9
Erys.Cecille.Rvin.Tiff
,- ,omplications of +%oc>:
1. lever, ora|r dea||
2. Ab03
3. Cer|r||oou|ar |erorr|ag|c recros|s ol ||ver
4. Acu|e |uou|ar recros|s ol ||drey
5. 3uperl|c|a| |erorr|age recros|s ol |r|es||re
o. loca| ryocard|a| |rlarc||or
7. Corges||or ard |yperp|as|a ol sp|eer
8. 3|ress (s|ero|d) u|cers ol s|orac|
9. vasod||a||or ard sparc|r|c poo||rg
D- *orp%olo&y:
1- Brain 0 |sc|er|c ercep|a|opa||y
.- $eart 0 cor|rac||or oard ard suoerdocard|a|
recros|s
3- ?idney 0 acu|e |uou|ar recros|s
3- 4un&s 0 Ab03, s|oc| |urg
- )drenals 0 cor||ca| ce|| ||p|d dep|e||or
@- 1IT 0 |erorr|ag|c er|eropa||y
A- 4i"er 0 la||y c|arge, cer|ra| |erorr|ag|c recros|s.
5E#E5EN,E+
arez (2009). Fluid and hemodynamic derangements. [loWerlo|r|
s||des|.
Kurar, v., Aooas, A.K., laus|o, N., & As|er, J.C. (2009). Robbins and
Cotran: Pathologic basis of disease (8
||
Fd.). 3aurders F|sev|er.
C||ra.
2008 |rarscr|p||ors
+$'<T '<T+
l| |o ry sever dWarves (Ca||y, va|, Frys, Cec|||e, Tracy, Tarya, T|ll)! - 3roW w|||e
(bv|r)
l |ove you lreggy! |Wa|! la|a
va|er|e oar|a! lope you're lee||rg We||! lu000! - Frys
u|r.||c |es|, 1, 2. ||c |es|. l|? ls |||s Wor||rg?
la|a|a|a
es va|! 0e| We|| soor! Ja| |oooo!!! - T|ll
10
Erys.Cecille.Rvin.Tiff