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Chapter3 Tro Mass Composition and Empirical Formulae
Chapter3 Tro Mass Composition and Empirical Formulae
Empirical formula C
0.05555
H
0.06664
O
0.005552
Divide by smallest number C
10
H
12
O
Reactants Products
Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions
Reactions involve chemical changes in matter resulting in
new substances
Reactions involve rearrangement and exchange of
atoms to produce new molecules
Page 142
Chemical Reactions
Shorthand way of describing a reaction
Provides information about the reaction
Formulas of reactants and products
States of reactants and products
Relative numbers of reactant and product
molecules that are required
Can be used to determine weights of reactants used and
products that can be made
symbols used to indicate state after chemical
(g) = gas; (l) = liquid; (s) = solid
(aq) = aqueous = dissolved in water
Page 143
methane gas burns to produce carbon dioxide
gas and gaseous water
whenever something burns it combines with O
2
(g)
CH
4
(g) + O
2
(g) CO
2
(g) + H
2
O(g)
to show the reaction obeys the Law of
Conservation of Mass, it must be balanced
CH
4
(g) + 2 O
2
(g) CO
2
(g) + 2 H
2
O(g)
Chemical Reactions
Page 143
CH
4
and O
2
are the reactants, and CO
2
and H
2
O
are the products
the (g) after the formulas tells us the state of the
chemical
the number in front of each substance tells us the
numbers of those molecules in the reaction
called the coefficients
CH
4
(g) + 2 O
2
(g) CO
2
(g) + 2 H
2
O(g)
this equation is balanced, meaning that there are
equal numbers of atoms of each element on the
reactant and product sides
to obtain the number of atoms of an element, multiply the
subscript by the coefficient
Chemical Reactions
Page 143
- You can only change the coefficients.
- You can NOT add new atoms or molecules into
the equation (note this doesnt apply to REDOX
reactions well see in Ch4).
- You cannot change the chemical formulas to
force a balanced equation.
- Balance atoms in more complex substances first,
leave pure elements last
- Check your work!
Rules for Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Reactions
Page 145
Page 146
Example 3.19 Balancing Chemical Equations
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of Co(III) oxide and solid
carbon to produce solid cobalt and carbon dioxide gas.
Co
2
O
3
(s) + C(s) Co(s) + CO
2
(g)
Balance Co first Co
2
O
3
(s) + C(s) 2Co(s) + CO
2
(g)
Balance O next 2 Co
2
O
3
(s) + C(s) 2Co(s) + 3CO
2
(g)
Readjust any elements 2 Co
2
O
3
(s) + C(s) 4Co(s) + 3CO
2
(g)
Balance isolated elements last
2 Co
2
O
3
(s) + 3C(s) 4Co(s) + 3CO
2
(g)
Check elements on both sides 4 Co 6 O 3C 4 Co 3C 6O
Page 147
Example 3.20 Balancing Chemical Equations
Write a balanced equation for the combustion of gaseous butane,
C
4
H
10
, with gaseous oxygen to produce gaseous carbon dioxide
and water.
C
4
H
10
(g) + O
2
(g) CO
2
(g) + H
2
O(g)
Balance C first C
4
H
10
(g) + O
2
(g) 4CO
2
(g) + H
2
O(g)
Balance H next C
4
H
10
(g) + O
2
(g) 4CO
2
(g) + 5H
2
O(g)
Balance isolated elements last
C
4
H
10
(g) + 13/2O
2
(g) 4CO
2
(g) + 5H
2
O(g)
2C
4
H
10
(g) + 13O
2
(g) 8CO
2
(g) + 10H
2
O(g)
Check elements on both sides 8C 20H 26O 8C 16O 20H 10O