Module 15 Trigonomeertric Functions

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ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 9
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS
PAGES
9.0
CONCEPT MAP
9.1
EXERCISE 1
9.2 PAST YEAR SPM QUESTION
9.3
ASSESMENT
ANSWER
1
9.0
CONCEPT MAP
TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTION
POSITIVE ANGLES AND NEGATIVE ANGLES
Tan = sin
Special angles 30o,
___ and 60o
THE SIX
TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTION
sec =
1
cos
Complementary Angle
sin cos(90o )
cos sin(90o )
tan cot(90o )
sec cos ec(90o )
cos ec sec(90o )
cosec = 1
sin
cot = cosec
Basic Identities
sin2 + cos2 1
____+ tan2 sec2
1 + cot2 ______
2
9.1 Exercise 1
1. Given that sin =
8
and cos =
17
1
cos
1
=
15
17
17
=15
a) sec =
15
. Find the value of :17
b) cot
2. Given that sin 36o = 0.5878, cos 36o = 0.8090 and tan36o = 0.7265 . Find the value of
a) cos 54 = sin (90 o 54 o)
= sin 36
= 0.5878
b) cosec 54 o
3. Solve the trigonometric equation for 0 o x 360 o

a) cos 2x = - 0.7660
e) 2 sin x = tan x
basic angle = 40 o
Given 0 o x 360 o
So 0 o 2x 720 o
Cos is negative at quarter II and III
2x = 180 o - 40 o, 180 o + 40 o,
(180 o - 40 o ) + 360 o,
(180 o + 40 o ) + 360 o,
= 140 , 220, 500, 580
x = 70 o, 110 o, 250 o, 290 o
b) tan x = cot 60 o
f) 3 sin x cos x = 2 sin2 x
3
c) sin ( x 30 o) = -
g) 2 sin2 x + cos x 2 = 0
1
2
d) sin x + 2 sin x cos x = 0

sin x ( 1 + 2cos x) = 0
sin x = 0
x = 0 o, 180 o, 360 o
or
1 + 2cos x = 0
2cos x = -1
1
cos x = 2
x = 120 o, 240 o
so x = 0 o, 120 o, 180 o, 240 o
h) tan2 x + sec x 5 = 0
4. Prove that identity

a) cot 2 x tan 2 x cos ec 2 x sec 2 x
b)
1 2sin 2 x
cos x sin x
sin x cos x
4
9.2 PAST YEAR SPM QUESTION

2003, Paper 1
1. Given that tan t , 0o , 90o , express in terms of t :
a ) cot
b)sin(90o )
[3 marks]
2. Solve the equation 6sec2 A 13 tan A 0, 0o A 360o
[ 4 marks]
2004, Paper 1
3. Solve the equation cos 2 x sin 2 sin x for 0o x 360o
5
[ 4 marks]
9.3 ASSESSMENT
1. Given that cos x
3
and 0o x 180o , find sec x + cosec x .
5
Solution:
2. Given that sin = k and is acute angle, express in term of k:

a. tan
b. cosec
Solution:
3. Solve the equation 5sin 2 A 2cos 2 A 3 0, 0o A 360o

Solution:
4. Prove that tan 2 A sin 2 A tan 2 A sin 2 A
6
ANSWER
Exercise 1
2.
15
8
b) 1.236
3.
b) x 30o , 210o
c)
x 30o ,90o , 210o , 270o
e) x 0o , 60o ,180o ,300o ,360o
f)
x 0o ,56o19,180o , 236o19,360o
g) x 60o ,90o , 270o ,300o
h)
x 60o ,109o 28, 250o 32,300o
1.
b) -
Past Year SPM Question

1.
a)
1
t
b)
t2 1
A 33.69o ,56.31o , 213.69o , 236.31o
2.
x 30o ,150o , 270o
3.
Assesment
1.
2.
35
12
a)
1
1 k 2
b)
1
k
3. A 35.26o ,144.74o ,180o , 215.26o ,324.74o
7
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 10
TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
8
Contents
10. 1 ADDITION FORMULAE AND DOUBLE-ANGLE FORMULAE
10.1.a Understand and use addition formulae and double-angle formulae
10.1.b Solving Trigonometric Equations by using Addition Formulae and
Double- angle Formulae
10.2 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS OF SINE, COSINE AND TANGENT

10.2.1 Sketch the graph of functions sine
10.2.2 Sketch the graph of functions cosine
10.2.3 Solution of equations involving the graphs
10.3 SPM QUESTIONS
9
10. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

10. 1 ADDITION FORMULAE AND DOUBLE-ANGLE FORMULAE
10.1.a Understand and use addition formulae and double-angle formulae
List down the Addition Formulae and Double-Angle Formulae
ADDITION FORMULAE
DOUBLE-ANGLE FORMULAE
Example
4
12
and cos B =
where A and B are angles in the second
5
13
and fourth quadrants respectively. Calculate the value of tan ( B A )
Given that sin A =
Solution
A in the second quadrant
B in the fourth quadrant
( -3 , 4 )
B
5
12
4
A
-5
13
-3
( 12 , -5 )
4
5
4
tan A =
3
sin A =
12
13
5
tan B =
12
cos B =
10
tan B tan A
tan ( B A ) = 1 tan A tan B
5 4
12 3
=
5 4
1
12 3
11
33
= 12 =
14
56
9
EXERCISE 1
8
12
, 90o < < 270o and sin = , 90o < < 270o.
17
13
Calculate the value of
( a ) sin ( + )
( b ) cos ( )
1. Given that sin =
4
4
, sin y =
where x and y are angles in the same quadrant.
3
5
Without using the calculator, calculate the value of
( a ) sin ( x y )
( b ) cos ( x + y ) ( c ) tan ( y + 45o ) ( d ) tan ( x + y )
2. Given that tan x =
11
3. Given that tan = p and is an acute angle. Express each of the following
in terms of p
( a ) sin 2
( b ) cos 2 ( c ) tan 2
10.1.b Solving Trigonometric Equations by using Addition Formulae and Doubleangle Formulae
Example
Find all the angles between 0o and 360o which satisfy
( a ) 2 sin 2 = sin
( b ) 2cos2 + 3 = 8 sin
12
Solution
( a ) 2 sin 2 = sin
2 ( 2sin cos ) = sin
4sin cos - sin = 0
sin (4cos 1 ) = 0
sin = 0
or
= 0 o , 180 o , 360 o
4cos -1=0
1
cos =
4
= 75 o 31 , 284o29
So that , = 0 o , 75 o 31 , 180 o , 284o29, 360 o
( b ) 2cos2 + 3 = 8 sin
2 ( 1- 2sin2 ) + 3 = 8 sin
2 - 4sin2 + 3 = 8 sin
4sin2 + 8 sin 5 = 0
( 2 sin 1 )( 2 sin + 5 ) = 0
2 sin 1 = 0
or
1
sin =
2
= 30 o , 150 o
So that = 30 o , 150 o
2 sin + 5 = 0
5
sin =
2
is undefined
13
EXERCISE 2
1. Find all the angles between 0o and 360o which satisfy
( a ) 3sin 2A = 4sin A
( b ) 5sin2A = 5 sin 2A
2. Find all the angles between 0o and 360o which satisfy

( a ) 3cos2 5 = 8 cos
( b ) tan 2 tan = 1
14
10.2 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS OF SINE, COSINE AND TANGENT

10.2.1 Sketch the graph of each of the following functions
1 ) y = 2sin
y = sin
y
1
o
90
270
o
180
360
-1
2) y=
1
sin
2
4 ) y = sin 2
3 ) y = - sin
5 ) y = sin
15
6 ) y = sin + 1
7 ) y = sin 1
8 ) y = | sin |
9) y = 2sin 2
10 ) y = | sin 2 |
11 ) y = | sin | + 1
16
10.2.2 Sketch the graph of each of the following functions

1 ) y = 2cos
y = cos
y
1
90
180
270
360
-1
2) y=
1
cos
2
4 ) y = cos 2
3 ) y = - cos
5 ) y = cos
17
6 ) y = cos + 1
7 ) y = cos 1
8 ) y = | cos |
9) y = 2cos 2
10 ) y = | cos 2 |
11 ) y = | cos | + 1
18
10.2.3 SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS INVOLVING THE GRAPHS

Determining number of solutions by sketching the graphs
Example
Sketch the graph of the function y = cos 2 for 0 < < 2. Hence find the number of
solutions of each of the equation
cos 2 + 0.5 = 0
Solution
y
y = cos 2
3
2
2
y = - 0.5
-1
cos 2 = - 0.5
The number of solutions = 4
19
Exercise 3
x
for 0 < < 2 on the
2
same axes. Hence, state the number of solutions of the equation 4sin 2x + x = 0.
1. Sketch the graphs of the functions y = - 2sin 2x and y =
2. Sketch the graphs of the functions y = 3cos2x and 2y + x = 0 for 0 < < 2 on the
same axes. Hence, state the number of solutions of the equation 6 cos2x + x = 0.
20
10.3 SPM QUESTIONS

SPM 2003 PAPER 2 NO 8
( a ) Prove that tan + cot = 2 cosec 2
[ 4 marks ]
3
x for 0 x 2
2
( ii ) Find the equation of a suitable straight line for solving the equation
3
3
cos x =
x 1
2
4
Hence, using the same axes, sketch the straight line and state the number of
3
3
solutions to the equation cos x =
x 1 for 0 x 2
[ 6 marks ]
2
4
( b ) ( i ) Sketch the graph y= 2 cos
21

( a ) Sketch the graph of y = cos2x for 0o < x < 180o.
[ 3 marks ]
( b ) Hence, by drawing a suitable straight line on the same axes, find the number of
x
solutions satisfying the equation 2 sin2 x = 2 for 0o < x < 180o
[ 3 marks ]
180
22

( a ) Prove that cosec2x 2 sin2x cot2x = cos 2x
[ 2 marks ]
( b ) ( i ) Sketch the graph of y = cos 2x for 0 x 2.

( ii ) Hence, using the same axes, draw a suitable straight line to find the number of
x
solutions to the equation 3( cosec2x 2sin2x cot2x ) = 1 for 0 x 2.
State the number of solutions

[ 6 marks ]
23
10.4 ASSESSMENT
1. Given that sin = k such that is an acute angle, express cos 2 in terms of k
[ 2 marks ]
2. Find all values of x between 0o and 360o which satisfy the equation
3 tan2y = cot y
[ 3 marks ]
3. Sketch the graph of y = | sin 2x | for 0 x 2. Determine the equation of a suitable

straight line to solve the equation x - 2| sin 2x | = 0.
Sketch the straight line and hence, state the number of solutions to the equation
x - 2| sin 2x | = 0 for 0 x 2.
[ 5 marks ]
24
ANSWER:
Exercise 1.
140
21
1. a)
b) 221
221
7
24
2. a) 6 b ) d)25
7
2
2c
1 c
2c
3. a) 2
b) 2
c)
c 1
c 1
1 c2
Exercise 2.
1) a) 0 0 , 48011, 1800, 3110 480 , 3600
b ) 680 12,900 , 248012, 2700
2) a) 1310 49 , 228011
b ) 300 , 1500 , 2100 , 3300
10.2
y = 2sin
y
y=
1
2
o
90
270
o
180
360
270
o
180
360
1
2
y = -sin
y = sin2
1
o
90
-1
90
-2
1
sin
2
270
o
180
360
90
270
o
180
-1
25
360
y = sin +1
y = sin
2
o
90
270
o
180
360
-1
90 180
y = sin -1
y
o
90 180
360
y = |sin |
y
270
270
360
1
o
90
-1
180
270
360
O
-2
y = 2sin2
y =| sin2 |
1
o
90
O
-2
270
o
180
360
90
180
O
-1
26
270
360
y = |sin |+1
90
180
270
360
y = 2cos
y
1
cos
2
y=
y
1
2
90
180
270
360
90
180
270
360
-2
y =- cos
y = cos2
O
-1
90
180
270
360
90
180
-1
27
270
360
y = cos
y = cos +1
90
180
270
360
90
180
270
360
-1
y =| cos |
y = cos -1
1
O
90
180
270
360
-1
90
y =| 2cos2 |
270
360
y =|cos2 |
180
90
180
270
360
90
180
28
270
360
y =| cos |+ 1
1
90
180
270
360
Exercise 3
1.X = 0 , 0.53 , 0.95 , 1.58 , 1.90
2.Number of intersection = 4
SPM 2003
y
y = 3cos
1
3
x
2
y=
3
x2
2
2
y = - 0.5
-1
Number of intersection = 3
29
SPM 2004
(a ) (b )
y
1
y=
180
90
x
-1
180
-1
SPM 2005
y
y = cos2x
1
y=
5
x 1
3 3
-1
30
10.4 ASSESSMENT
1. 1 -2k2
2. y = 300, 1500,2100,3300
3.
y = |2sin2 |
y
y
2
o
90
2( x)
180
,
31

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9.2 PAST YEAR SPM QUESTION

POSITIVE ANGLES AND NEGATIVE ANGLES

____+ tan2 sec2

3. Solve the trigonometric equation for 0 o x 360 o

f) 3 sin x cos x = 2 sin2 x

d) sin x + 2 sin x cos x = 0

4. Prove that identity

9.2 PAST YEAR SPM QUESTION

2. Solve the equation 6sec2 A 13 tan A 0, 0o A 360o

2. Given that sin = k and is acute angle, express in term of k:

3. Solve the equation 5sin 2 A 2cos 2 A 3 0, 0o A 360o

4. Prove that tan 2 A sin 2 A tan 2 A sin 2 A

x 30o ,90o , 210o , 270o

e) x 0o , 60o ,180o ,300o ,360o

g) x 60o ,90o , 270o ,300o

x 60o ,109o 28, 250o 32,300o

Past Year SPM Question

A 33.69o ,56.31o , 213.69o , 236.31o

x 30o ,150o , 270o

3. A 35.26o ,144.74o ,180o , 215.26o ,324.74o

10.2 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS OF SINE, COSINE AND TANGENT

10.3 SPM QUESTIONS

10. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Given that sin A =

B in the fourth quadrant

1. Given that sin =

2. Given that tan x =

So that , = 0 o , 75 o 31 , 180 o , 284o29, 360 o

2. Find all the angles between 0o and 360o which satisfy

10.2 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS OF SINE, COSINE AND TANGENT

10.2.2 Sketch the graph of each of the following functions

10.2.3 SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS INVOLVING THE GRAPHS

1. Sketch the graphs of the functions y = - 2sin 2x and y =

10.3 SPM QUESTIONS

( b ) ( i ) Sketch the graph y= 2 cos

SPM 2004 PAPER 2 NO 3

SPM 2005 PAPER 2 NO 5

( b ) ( i ) Sketch the graph of y = cos 2x for 0 x 2.

State the number of solutions

3. Sketch the graph of y = | sin 2x | for 0 x 2. Determine the equation of a suitable

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