This document provides an overview of snapping modes and geometry construction in FeatureMILL. It describes how to access geometry construction commands through the user interface. It then explains each snapping mode available in the snapping toolbar, including snap to grid, point, endpoint, midpoint, segment, intersection, center, quadrant, object, and tangent. An exercise demonstrates each snapping mode by constructing shapes that snap to different geometries in a sample part file. The document concludes that understanding snapping modes is important for accurately constructing geometry in FeatureMILL.
This document provides an overview of snapping modes and geometry construction in FeatureMILL. It describes how to access geometry construction commands through the user interface. It then explains each snapping mode available in the snapping toolbar, including snap to grid, point, endpoint, midpoint, segment, intersection, center, quadrant, object, and tangent. An exercise demonstrates each snapping mode by constructing shapes that snap to different geometries in a sample part file. The document concludes that understanding snapping modes is important for accurately constructing geometry in FeatureMILL.
This document provides an overview of snapping modes and geometry construction in FeatureMILL. It describes how to access geometry construction commands through the user interface. It then explains each snapping mode available in the snapping toolbar, including snap to grid, point, endpoint, midpoint, segment, intersection, center, quadrant, object, and tangent. An exercise demonstrates each snapping mode by constructing shapes that snap to different geometries in a sample part file. The document concludes that understanding snapping modes is important for accurately constructing geometry in FeatureMILL.
This document provides an overview of snapping modes and geometry construction in FeatureMILL. It describes how to access geometry construction commands through the user interface. It then explains each snapping mode available in the snapping toolbar, including snap to grid, point, endpoint, midpoint, segment, intersection, center, quadrant, object, and tangent. An exercise demonstrates each snapping mode by constructing shapes that snap to different geometries in a sample part file. The document concludes that understanding snapping modes is important for accurately constructing geometry in FeatureMILL.
Snapping and Geometry Introduction This module will provide an understanding of how different snapping modes wor and how Geometry is !reated within Feature"#M. $y the end of the module the user will %e a%le to !onstru!t geometry and understand how ea!h snapping mode fun!tions. User Interface Geometry constructor !ommands !an %e a!!essed in three different areas of the user interfa!e. Commands can be accessed by clicking the Geometry icon in the Steps view:
Can be accessed through the File Menu by clicking on Construct FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 1 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Or may be accessed by the geometry toolbar (to show the geometry toolbar from the File Menu click on View then Toolbars then check the Geometry checkbox and press OK) The geometry tool%ar uses flyout menus. The last item previously sele!ted is displayed as an i!on in the tool %ar. Click on the triangle to reveal the flyout menu. These flyout menus are used throughout Feature"#M and are useful for easy a!!ess to many program fun!tions. Snapping mode !ommands !an %e a!!essed in two different areas of the user interfa!e. napping mode commands can be accessed through the file menu by clicking on options then snapping modes 2 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry napping modes may also be accessed through the snapping toolbar(to show the snapping toolbar! from the file menu click on iew then toolbars then check the snap mode checkbox and press OK). Snapping Open "eatureC#$ by double!clic"ing the "eatureC#$ s#ortcut icon on the desktop: Clic" on Open an e$isting file in the %ew &art 'ocument wi(ard window then press %e$t. )rowse to the examples folder and click on *Snapping&fm+ then press open The part when open should loo similar to the image %elow( $ake sure the snapping toolbar is shown. ,o show this menu from the File Menu click on -iew then Toolbars then check the Snap Mode checkbox. #lso make sure Standard and Geometry are also checked then press OK. FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 3 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry The snapping toolbar will appear( Looing at ea!h i!on from left to right we will give a short summary of ea!h item)s fun!tion( nap to grid causes the cursor to snap to predefined increments defined under Options and Snapping Grids nap to &oint snaps to a point ob.ect nap to /ndpoint snaps to the ends of finite lines and arcs. /ndpoint also applies to the corners of the stock and vertices of a solid nap to $idpoint snaps to the middle points of finite lines and arcs. nap to ection snaps e0ual intervals of a finite line. ,he number of sections is controlled by the ections parameter of the napping Grids dialog box. nap to 1ntersection snaps to the intersection of lines! arcs and circles. nap to Center snaps to arc and circle centers. ,his setting also controls the display of circle and arc center points. nap to 2uadrant snaps to the four points on a circle corresponding to 34! 534! 6734 and 8934. nap to Ob.ect snaps to a point on another ob.ect. ,his includes lines of surfaces and is convenient for snapping points to locations on a surface. nap to ,angent snaps the point so that the ob.ect you are creating will be tangent to the ob.ect you snapped to. nap to ,oolpath will snap to toolpath lines ,he nap 'iscrimination dialog button displays the nap 'iscrimination dialog box whenever there is an ambiguous pick. ,his dialog box will list the possible points to snap to and ask you to pick the one you want. 4 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Snapping '$ercise The e*er!ise %elow will review ea!h of the snapping modes on the snapping tool%ar from left to right. +hen !omplete it will provide a %asi! overview of ea!h snapping modes fun!tion. $ake sure none of the snapping buttons are depressed (ig#t!clic" on the Orange circle and press Center Selected Click on the connected line constructor button from the geometry toolbar
'raw a s0uare in the center of the circle by clic"ing once in the upper left! then upper rig#t! then lower rig#t! then lower left then upper left. If your hand does not move perfe!tly it will %e impossi%le to do this. +e have a tool that !an help snap to a "artesian grid &ress Undo until the line segments disappear. ,his button is at the top of "eatureC#$. FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 5 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry $ake sure none of the snapping buttons are depressed then press the Snap to Grid button :ou should then notice a faint grid appears 'raw a s0uare in the center of the circle by clic"ing once in the upper left! then upper rig#t! then lower rig#t! then lower left then upper left. Clic" on the elect icon at the top of "eatureC#$ on the tandard ,oolbar to cancel the line drawing. ;se this button at any time to exit selection mode. ,ou should noti!e that the s-uare !reated was mu!h easier to !reate. This is %e!ause the !ursor snaps to a predefined grid designated under the File Menu under options then snapping options. Snap to grid overrides all other snapping options so it is suggested to leave this option off if you need to use any of the other snapping modes. Unc#ec" the snapping grid and check snap to point on the snapping toolbar. elect connected line from the geometry toolbar again. 6 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Moe the mouse cursor around the screen and try to get it to snap to an ob.ect on the screen .oti!e that the only o%/e!t we !an get this to snap to is a point. The only o%/e!t snap to point will snap to is a point. There is a point inside the s-uare you /ust !reated0 snap to it. ;ncheck Snap to )oint and check snap to endpoint. <ocate the teal hori(ontal line segment located in the upper left hand of the screen. 1f you are still (oomed in! right click your mouse in the graphics window! off the part! and select Center #ll. Select connected line again from the Geometry toolbar. Moe the mouse cursor from the left to t#e rig#t over the line.
1%serve that only the line segment endpoints are snapped to. Snap to 2ndpoint snaps to the ends of finite lines and ar!s. 2ndpoint also applies to the !orners of the sto! and verti!es of a solid. ;ncheck Snap to 'ndpoint and check Snap to Midpoint. #gain position the mouse cursor over the teal hori(ontal line segment. *oer the mouse cursor over the center of the line segment. FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 7 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry ,he cursor should snap to the center of the line segment. <ocate the black arc below the teal hori(ontal line segment Snap to t#e center of the line segment Snap to Midpoint snaps to the middle points of finite lines and ar!s. Click on options then snapping grids then change Section to 7. Unc#ec" snap to midpoint then c#ec" snap to segment *oer the mouse cursor over the teal line segment and moe mouse cursor slowly from left to rig#t. .oti!e how the line segment snaps to 3 different se!tions. Unc#ec" snap to segment then c#ec" snap to intersection 8 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry <ocate the violet hori(ontal and vertical line segments towards the lower right hand part of the stock #oer the mouse cursor over the intersection.
.oti!e it snaps to the interse!tion of the lines. This snap mode wors for the interse!tions of ar!s0 lines and !ir!les. ;ncheck the snap to intersection button and make sure no snap modes are enabled. Observe the center of the large circle on the left hand side of the part. ,hen toggle the snap to center button then re=examine the center of the large circle. +hat you should noti!e is that a !ross4hair appears at the !enter of the !ir!le. This is the snap point for the !enter of the !ir!le
>over the mouse cursor over the cross=hair and notice the cursor snaps to that location Snap to !enter snaps to ar! and !ir!le !enters. This setting also !ontrols the display of !ir!le and ar! !enter points. Unc#ec" snap to center then c#ec" snap to +uadrant FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry <ocate the large circle and move the mouse cursor around the perimeter of the circle. The !ir!le will snap in four pla!es. Snap to -uadrant snaps to the four points on a !ir!le !orresponding to &50 6&50 '3&5 and 27&5. Unc#ec" snap to +uadrant and c#ec" snap to ob,ect
>over the mouse over all ob.ects in the viewing window. +hat you will see is that the !ursor snaps to all o%/e!ts in viewing window. This snapping mode is very useful to snap to any type of o%/e!t in!luding solids and surfa!es. Unc#ec" snap to ob,ect and then c#ec" snap to tangent Clic" on the line from - points constructor. 1! FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Clic" once on the large orange circle. Clic" next on the small yellow circle on the left.
Clic" again near the top of the small yellow circle on the left! then click near the top of the yellow circle on the right.
FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 11 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry 1%serve that Snap to Tangent snaps the point so that the o%/e!t you are !reating will %e tangent to the o%/e!t you snapped to. Unc#ec" Snap to Tangent then c#ec" Snap to Toolpat# Clic" on the toolpat#s icon from the steps menu ,he simulation toolbar should appear Click on the play icon from the simulation toolbar (ig#t!clic" in the viewing window and click isometric .oti!e the green line representing the toolpath for the drilled hole feature. elect a line from - points again from the Geometry toolbar and hover the mouse over the toolpath 12 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry 1%serve how the !ursor snaps to the toolpath at any point along that toolpath .ine Constructors +e will now give a summary of what ea!h items fun!tion on the line !onstru!tor flyout tool%ar followed %y an e*er!ise. Click on the line constructor flyout menu from the geometry toolbar - )ts: <ine created with two endpoints. Connected: $ultiple lines created in succession. /ndpoint of one line becomes start point of next line. *ori/ontal: 1nfinite hori(ontal line created through a point. Vertical: 1nfinite vertical line created through a point. )t& 0ngle: 1nfinite line created through a point at an angle specified in degrees. Offset: <ine! circle or arc created offset from another. %ew lines have the same length as original .ine Constructor '$ercise FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 13 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Open .ines1e$ample&fm "rom the snapping toolbar click on Snap to Circle2center. "rom the line constructor flyout menu select .ine from Two )oints. ;se a 8 point <ine to create a line from # to ). ,o do this clic" once on the circle center at 0 then clic" again at point 3. ;se a 8 point <ine to create a line from # to '. "rom the line constructor flyout menu click on connected. 14 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry %ow use a connected line to create a line from ) to / to '. Clic" once on 3 then clic" once on ' then once on 4. ;se the hori(ontal line to place a line through C. Clic" on the #ori/ontal line constructor from the flyout menu Clic" once at point C to create a hori(ontal line ;se the vertical line tool to place a line through C. Click on the ertical line constructor from the flyout menu Click once at point C to create a vertical line ;se the &t! #ngle line to make a ?@ deg line through C. Click on the pt5 angle line constructor from the flyout menu FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 15 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Clic" below the #ssistance )ar and specify the line angle as 67. ,hen clic" at point C ;se the &t! #ngle line to make a 6A@ deg line through C. Clic" below the #ssistance )ar and specify the line angle as 897 ,hen click at point C. 16 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry ;se the offset command to offset line #=C=/ 3.@ inches on each side. Click on the Offset Constructor from the flyout menu Click once on the 1nfinite <ine through 0!C!' ,hen clic" once on either side of the line (epeat for the other side of the line ;se the offset to offset line )=C=' 3.@ inches on each side. 4o t#e same as the previous step but now offset the infinite line 3!C!4 on both sides Circle Constructors $elow is a summary of what ea!h item)s fun!tion is on the !ir!le !onstru!tor flyout menu followed %y an e*er!ise. FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 17 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Clic" on the Circle Constructor "lyout $enu from the geometry toolbar Center! Badius: Creates a circle by clicking on the center and specifying the radius or dragging the mouse to a radius Center! /dge: Creates a circle by clicking once on the center then again on the edge 'iameter: Creates a circle with two points with the diameter being the distance between the two points ,angent ,wo: Circle created by snapping the circleCs edge tangent to two ob.ects 8 &ts! Badius: Creates a circle by specifying two points and a radius A &ts: Creates a circle from three points Circle Constructor '$ercise Open circles1e$ample&fm "rom the snapping toolbar enable snap to point! snap to endpoint! snap to centerpoint then snap to 18 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry intersection "rom the circle constructor flyout menu clic" on 9 )ts 1n the upper left hand corner locate the A points and clic" once on eac# point "rom the circle constructor flyout menu clic" on Center5 (adius )elow the assistance bar there is a field for the circle radius. /nter :&;-7<.
,hen click on the corner of the Geometry in the lower left "rom the circle constructor flyout menu clic" on Tangent Two Clic" once on the line segment in the upper left area as shown below ,hen Clic" again on the line segment perpendicular to it FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 1 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry "rom the circle contructor flyout menu click on 4iameter 1n the s0uare located on the center of the part Clic" once on the left vertical line segment ,hen Clic" again on the right vertical line segment "rom the circle constructor flyout menu click on Center5 (adius 1n the assistance bar below the display window enter a (adius of :&7< Clic" once where the perpendicular and vertical lines meet close to the right hand corner: 2! FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry "rom the circle constructor flyout menu clic" on Center5 'dge Snap to the rectangular corner located toward the upper right hand of the part and Clic" once ,hen Clic" again at the end of the vertical line segment to the right "rom the circle constructor menu clic" on - )ts5 (adius /nter a Badius value below the assistance bar as 3.D8@+. nap to the corner of the geometry segments shown below and clic" ,hen clic" again snapping to the opposite corner shown below FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 21 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Ehen finished the pro.ect should look like the image below Fillet Constructors $elow is a summary of ea!h item)s fun!tion is on the fillet !onstru!tor flyout menu followed %y an e*er!ise. Open fillet1e$ample&fm Click on the fillet constructor flyout menu from the geometry toolbar. Corner fillet creates a fillet in a corner originally defined by an intersection of lines or arcs. ,wo point fillet creates a fillet in a corner originally 22 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry defined by an intersection of lines or arcs. ,hree points defines a fillet by selecting three points! similar to the three point circle.. Chamfer creates a chamfer in a corner originally defined by an intersection of lines or arcs. Fillet and C#amfer Constructor '$ercise "rom the part view (ig#t!clic" on stock then .eft!clic" on *ide Stoc". "rom the Fillet Constructor flyout menu select Corner Fillet )elow the assistance bar enter :&69=< for the (adius. FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 23 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry $ove the mouse close to C then .eft!clic".
"rom the Fillet Constructor flyout menu select -pt fillet. )elow the assistance bar enter :&9>7< for the radius value. Create a 8 &t "illet between # and ' shown below by clic"ing once on the vertical line segment I ! 0 then once on the hori(ontal line segment passing through 0 ? 4.
)elow the assistance bar enter a value of :&=>7<. Clic" once on the line segment between 0 ? G and once on the line segment 0 ? '. 24 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry
"rom the fillet fly out menu Clic" on 9 )t Fillet Clic" once on the line segment 4!F then again on the line segment F!G
then once more on the line segment '!* "rom the Fillet Flyout Menu click on the C#amfer command "rom the assistance bar enter the width and height of FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 25 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry :&-:< $ove the mouse near the line intersection at point ) and click +hen this e*er!ise is finished you should see results similar to that shown on the right. 0rc Constructors $elow is a summary of what ea!h items fun!tion is on the ar! !onstru!tor flyout menu followed %y an e*er!ise. Clic" on the arc constructor flyout menu from the geometry toolbar #rc from three points constructs an arc through a start point! edge point! and a finish point. #rc from two points! radius constructs an arc through two points with a specific radius. #rc from center! beginning! end constructs an arc from a center point 26 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry and given beginning and end points. ,his selection constructs an arc with a specific center and radius with the starting and ending points determined by angles. 0rc Constructor '$ercise Open arcs1e$ample&fm "rom the snapping toolbar clic" on snap to point and snap to endpoint as the only snapping modes checked Clic" on the arc from t#ree points constructor from the arc constructor flyout menu 1n the upper left hand 0uadrant of the stock clic" once on 0! 3 then C. FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 27 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Click on - )ts5 (adius from the arc constructor flyout menu )elow the assistance toolbar enter a radius of 8&-7< Clic" once at point G then again at point * )elow the assistance toolbar enter a radius of -< Clic" once at point @ then again at &oint I .oti!e that depending on whi!h point is pi!ed first determines the dire!tion of the ar!. Clic" on the arc from Center5 3eg5 'nd from the arc constructor flyout menu 28 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Clic" once at point '! then at point F and then at point 4. Clic" on the arc from Center5 (ad5 3eg5 'nd from the arc constructor flyout menu )elow the #ssistance toolbar enter -< for the (adius FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 2 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Clic" once at point % next at point K and finally at point M +hen the pro/e!t is !omplete it should loo similar to the image on the right. 4imensioning $elow is a summary of what ea!h item)s fun!tion is on the Dimensioning flyout menu followed %y an e*er!ise. Click on the dimensioning flyout menu from the geometry toolbar >ori(ontal creates dimension information based on the hori(ontal axis of the part. -ertical creates dimension information based on the vertical axis of the part. 3! FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry <inear creates dimension information based on the absolute distance between two points regardless of the angle of the dimensioned space. Badius creates dimension information for the radius of the selected ob.ect. 'iameter creates dimension information for the diameter of the selected ob.ect. #ngle creates dimension information for the angle between two selected lines. ,ext label creates a text label entered in the dialogue bar #nnotation places explanatory text! entered in the dialogue with an arrow of what is being explained Curvature samples the surface and computes the curvature in two directions to describe how the surface behaves at the point shown in the dialog bar. ;nlike the other dimensioning tools! Curvature is a real=time rubber=banding effect where you traverse the surface to find the point with the smallest curvature radius. Fnowing the smallest radius tells you the smallest tool to use to manufacture the surface. ,his dialog helps you extract numbers from the graphics window using snap modes and pick filters. :ou can then cut and paste these values into other dialogs. 4imensioning Constructor '$ercise FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 31 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry Open dimension1e$&fm Clic" on options then on iewing. 1n the 4imension te$t si/e enter 8 then press OK. On the snapping toolbar check snap to center and snap to ob,ect only. "rom the 'imensioning flyout menu on the geometry toolbar select *ori/ontal 4istance Click once on the vertical line segment! close to #! then click again on the vertical line segment at ) then click once again above the hori(ontal line segment between # and ) 32 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry "rom the dimensioning flyout menu clic" on Vertical distance Clic" once on the hori(ontal line segment between 0 and 3 ! clic" once on the hori(ontal line segment ' ? F then clic" again to the right of the vertical line segment 3!F "rom the 'imensioning "lyout menu Clic" on linear distance Clic" once at the circle center of circle G ! click again at the arc center between 4 and '! then click again between the two previous points FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 33 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry "rom the dimensioning flyout menu clic" (adius Clic" once on the #rc at 4 ? ' then Clic" again slightly aboe t#e arc "rom the dimensioning menu click on 4iameter Clic" once on the circle located at G then clic" again to the left of circle G 34 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry "rom the 'imension flyout menu select 0ngle. Clic" once on line segment F?G then click once on line segment C!G then Clic" again somewhere between the two "rom the dimensioning flyout menu clic" on Te$t .abel. FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 35 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry )elow the assistance bar enter the te$t *Eatch " closelyG+ Clic" once above the stock outline "rom the dimensioning flyout menu select 0nnotation Clic" once at point 3 then clic" again towards the upper right hand corner of the stock outline Clic" again towards the upper right hand of the stock 36 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry )elow the assistance bar enter the text *urface "inish H 68+ then press the Create button. +hen the pro/e!t is finished you should have results similar to those shown %elow. Clipping $elow is a summary of what ea!h item)s fun!tion is on the !lipping flyout menu followed %y an e*er!ise. Click on the clipping flyout menu from the geometry toolbar FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 37 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry "lip( "lip removes a region of a line0 ar!0 !ir!le or !urve. # region is defined as a portion of an o%/e!t %etween two interse!tion points. Trim82*tend( !hanges the length of a line or an ar!. Trim8e*tend !an %e used to lengthen or shorten lines and ar!s as follows( Infinite( !hanges the length of a line or an ar!. Clipping '$ercise The purpose of this e*er!ise is to %e!ome familiar with the !lipping0 trim8e*tend and infinite geometry modifi!ation fun!tions. These fun!tions will %e shown on!e then try to mae the file !lipping e*ample loo similar to the image a%ove Open clipping1e$ample&fm "rom the snapping toolbar check snap to grid and snap to point only. "rom the geometry toolbar Clic" on Clip& 38 FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry <ocate the hori(ontal line segment at 0 then clic" on it once <ocate the vertical line segment at 3 then clic" once "rom the geometry toolbar click on Trim2'$tend <ocate the >ori(ontal line segment to the left of C and Clic" once ,hen Clic" again toward the vertical line and point across from C.
FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 3 FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry <ocate the hori(ontal line segment at 4 and Clic" once. ,hen Clic" again between and the vertical line
"rom the snapping toolbar Clic" on Infinite. <ocate the &oint near the vertical line segment at point ' and Clic" once <ocate the hori(ontal line segment at point F and Clic" once +hen finished0 you should have results similar to the image %elow( 4! FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' FeatureMILL2.5D Snapping and Geometry FeatureMILL2.5D 2&'' 41