(lc[)(lltl

()ll t}lr. .llrrl;

r:lrliltl()t.tS ltt tlvcrhurtlcll iIn(l mincrlrlizctl
llrickncss'
.llre
hletrtlrltll
l)r()c(\\
lrrttl tltc llcxitlrlitl'oI t]rc plirnl will dcpcrtd
()ll (l)c
.l,rl,c,rt,,,l
ol: tllt' rir:rtle
t tc(e ttctl llt ;tll stltlcr (tllrill" rnonthly' l'clrrlr')'
ll tlrr. lll \ltli lCillll\
\\.. le
[)crlct'll\
ktlrlrr,tt' tllc reiltltrctl tlisl^.rsitlrts':rrttl,
,f,ru..,f,.tttoslrtrtlitLrlcrvtrrkillglllel[l(xls'ctltrltlheclctcrmincdbyapplying
r rrr i.,u: srrnurirlctl
[)r(]ce
ssc5 1,, tlris rcillity. UnIortunatcly.
the pcrIcct
krrrrirlcdt1c
ol tttts lrt stltl rcltlill' l\ llot avirilirblc at thc planninS stages oI an
()pcrxtr();.-llrc rrrIernurtion
rrvuillble lt this stagc is usually
very frag-
,,.l.n,rry,
and iinrirccl
(o thc grlrdcs of a [crv samplcs' The estimrtions
..l..lucc..lfronltlrisirifclrtrrlrtit>n-cVUllrhrorrghkriging_are[artooinrprc.
e rsr. [0r tlte crlrct clrlcullrtiotls
of dispe rsiorls thiit are reqtrired'
r\s rt is tnl;lrlssrble
ttl cstinllttc
thc irr sittr rcality correctly.in strfiicicnt
tlctlril..,rc.ir:,rpri.
itlca rs to sintullltc
it on tlrc brrsis of zl rnodel' In a rvay' it
rcl! cicposit lrtrr-l srrnullrtiorls
of rhis cicposit lrre dillcrcnt
varients of thc
,r,u.," nli,.,.,,rlizcti
plrenon)cnon,
as characterizcd
by a givcn model'
Consitlcr,
for cxirrnplc,
thc true grirdc variablc z0(x) at each point -x of a
<1cposit. The gc<lsraristical
approich cons.ists in interpreting
the spalial
tlistributicln
of the
8r:rdc
u6(x) as I particular realiz-ation of a random
Itrrrction z(.r )
-l-]ris
i{F i. ch,,(,clcrizc(i
by its tirst tw() momenls and its
drslrrtrr.rtion
Iurrctton.
u'hich are cstlmJte d Irilnt rhe cxPcrimentirl
d:rta This
rrr,r.lcl r:. lititt:. strtrltlrlc ftrr t]tc
llrircticlrl
prtlblcrlr tlI dctcrmining
r:trttrus
drspersitlns
oI rhc [radus
in rhc dcposit' sirrcc thc drspcrsion
varianccs oI
Z(x\c..lnbccxprcssctlas;tfttnclitlnt,fthcsectlnd.tlrdermomcnlonly_
c()virri,ncc
()r !'irrloQrllm - cI f.rmtrla
(ll
'16)
A simulation thus consists of
(lrir\\'rntltttothcrrc:rlizitlton'-.(r)trf
thisRFZ('t)
l-hclworcalizations'rcal
.rrtrl rtnlulltlctl.
tlrllcr Ironr c:rch olhe r ltl givcn loclllittns but comc Irtlm the
'llltlcl{ljZ(,r)'rhclirstlw,<rm()IllCnr\:rntlthctrtllvitriatcdistrihtrrion
Iurrctrtln o[ whrch arc lixed
r\s Iirr as thc clrspcrsrtln
oI thc sirrlullrtcci
variirblc is conccrned'
therc ts
rr<: ditlcrcncc hlt:lwccn
rlrc simulared
<ieposit {:,(x)l
and the real dcposil
{.-.,(r)}..Illcsinlularcrldcprlsithlrstheadvantagcofbcingknownatall
p()rnls r and not only at lhc c'rpcrrmcntal
<jata points x"' This simulated
.1"p,-,rir is also called,
"'nume'ic"l
nrodel" of the real deposit'
\ilNl\(;
(ilr()s
L'\ I lsl l( s
2,.(x") = zo(r"),
Vr..
C<trulitionin!
l
l-hcrc are an inlinite numbcr of possiblc realizations {2,(r)'
s
:
I to
co} of a
ii Ztrl From among rhis infinity of rcalizations,
the simulations {2,"(r)}
rlrur are chosen are tliosi that mcer thc experimental
data valucs at the
:rcluirl clata locations x., i'e', thosc simulations
for rvhich
'l-tris
is kn,
tlrc srnrul:ttc,
poor tlata i
r()l)u\lr'itss t
thi: r,:ll dat:
A. Journcl t
Ioclrl drrf t.
stirtlonar)'r
lcIt'irrrntl st
Iurlhtr rntp
frorn thc re
w'iistc scltml
.Sitrr ri /alrort
Sirrtuitrtccl
r
trons, and i
as
(he
real
(
Irorn an esl
(i) 1-tre ol
z.(x)w'hic
criteria [or
minimal m
'fhcre
is n<
variabilitY
minimizati
d ispersionl
polvgonal
constl}nt
a
cstlnliltc
tl
rs, thus. a
i: ,( r
))
{ii)
On
srnrulittior
(mtitn artr
grirtlcs
(;1
lrut tIra(l(
' I r ) l\ I
:ltown llt;
lrrtctl vtlr-
lrr gcnr
bic. it ca
I
I
I
I
I
i
,r(/l
(lc[)(l)(l
()ll tl}U \lilll)
\,ilrliltl()t.tS lll
()VcrbUr(lcll iIn(, mincrillizctl
lhickncss'
.llretrletrtlrlttl)r()cc\\lrrttltltcl'lexitrrlitl'oIt]rcplirnlwilldcpcrtd()rltl)c
.l,rl,e,rt,,,l
,,1:,1,.' ,1,,',.lt\ rctul\('(l ltt ltll stltlc: (tllrill" rnonthly'
1'clrrlr')'
ll tlrr'rrr \llli lciltll\
\\clu
[)crlctll\
!'tl0Ntt' tlrc retltrtrctl tlisl^-rsiorts'
lttttl'
,rilu'.,r,.ttttlsIrrrtlitLrlcrvtlrkttlgttlellttlr'ls.ctltrltlhcclctcrmincdbyapplying
r lrr i.,u: srrnulirlctl
[)r(]ce
sse \ 1., tlrrs rclrltly. UnIor(utratCly'
the
PCf
Icct
krrrrirlcdtc
ol tttts lrt srltl rcltlill' l\ llot avirilablc at thc planninS stages oI an
()pcrarr();.
'llrc
rrrIor nurtiort lrulrililble lt this stage is usually
very f rag-
,.r.l.n,rry,
and iinrrrccl to thc grlrclcs of a fcrv samplcs' The estimrtions
.l..lucc..lfronirlrisirifclrtrtlrtit>n*cVUllthrotrqlrkriging-are[artooinrpre.
e rsu frtr tltc e rlrct clrlcullrtiiltls
t>f tlispe rsiorls thiit arC required'
,,\sitisinl;lrlsstblet()cstinliltCrhcr.rrsittrrcalitycorrectly.instrfllcient
tlctlrrl..,tc rir:,lpric
itlcli rs trl sinrulittc
it on tirc bnrsis of zl rnodcl' In a rval" it
rcll rlcposit trr'rd srntuletiorls
of this dcposit lrrc <Jillcrcrrt
varients of thc
.r,,.,.," nli,.,.,,rlizctl
plre non)cnon,
as characteriz-cd by a given model'
Corrsidcr,.for
cx:rrnplc,
thc true grirtlc variablc z0(x) at each point x of a
<1cposit. The gctlsratistical
approich cons.ists in interpreting
the spatial
rlistributitlnofthcgr'rdc:o(r)asaparticullrrrealizationofarandom
Itrrrcri.n Z(,r).
-l-his
i{F i. ch,,',crrrizcii
by irs firsr tw() momenls and its
drstrrtrution
Iurrctton.
*'hie h arc cstlmJtcd
Irilnt rhe cxpcrimentrrl
data T]ris
nr,rrlcl r:.. lititt:. strltlllrlc ftrr t]tc
llrirctical
prtlblcrrl tlI dctcrrnining
rltrttrus
c!rspersitlnsrlIrhcIradcsinrhctJcpilsit'sirlccrhcdrspcrsionvarianccsoI
Z(x\c..tnbccxprcsscdasltIttnctitlrrtlfthcseC()nd.()r(lermomcnlonly_
c()virri.ncc
()r
'irrloQrllm
- c[' f.rmtrla
(ll
'16)
A simulation thusconsistsof
(lrir\\'rtrrtltttttlhcrrc;rlizitlton'-'(t)tlf
rhisRFZ('t)
l-hclworcalizations'rcal
;.rrtrl rtnlulltlctl.
tlrllcr Ironr c:rch olhe r ltl givcn loclllirtns but comc frtlm the
.lurc ll.lj Z(.r ).
rhc lirst lw<r m()rllcnl\ :lnd thc ttnlvitrialc distribtrrion
Iurrctron o[ ivhrch ilrt lixed
r\s Ilrr as thc clrspcrsrt)n
oI thc sirrlullrtccl
vari:rblc is conccrned'
therc ts
rr<: ditlcrcncc
bctwcctl rltc simulatecl
<ieposit {:'(x)l
and thc real dcposil
{--,,(r)}.'llrc
sinlulatcrl
dcposit
h:rs the atlvantage
of bcing known at all
P()|ntsrandntltonlyatlhccxpcrrmcntalclatapointsr.,.Thissimulated
.1"p,-,rit is also callecl ,
"'nume'ic"l
nrodel" of the rcal deposit'
\ilNl\(i
(ilr()s
L'\ I lsl l( s
2,.(r") = zs(r"),
Vxo.
Cctrulitioning
-fhcrc
are an intinitc number of possible realizations {2,(r)'
s
:
I to
co} of a
ii Ztrl From among rhis infinity of realizations,
the simulations {2,"(r)}
rlrur arc chosen are tliosi that meer thc experimental
data values at the
:rclual clata locations x., i'e', thosc simulations
for rvhich
'l'tirs
is kn,
tlrc srntulutc,
poor data i
r()l)u\l 11L:ss t
thi: rrll dat:
A. Journcl r
Iocirl drrf t.
statlonar)'r
leIt
-irlrntl st
Iurlhcr rrrtp
frorn {hc re
*'irstc sctml
St tttu-latiort
Sirrtuitrtccl
r
tions, and I
as
(he
real
(
Iront an esl
(i) 1lrc ol
z.(x)whic
critcria [or
minimal m
'fhcre
is n<
variability
minimizati
d ispersionl
polygonal
constlnt
a
csttrrtatc
ll
rs, thus. a
i: ,( r
))
{ii)
On
sr mu lit tior
(nltitn artr
grirtlcs
(:,
truc gratl<
:.,(r )
ts t
:ltow'tl llt;
lrrtcrl vllu
lrr gcnt
blc. lt ca
-r(/l