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GPSbasics PDF
GPSbasics PDF
Geoffrey Blewitt
Department of Geomatics, University of Newcastle
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
geoffrey.blewitt@ncl.ac.uk
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................2
2. GPS DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................................2
2.1 THE BASIC IDEA ........................................................................................................................................................2
2.2 THE GPS SEGMENTS..................................................................................................................................................3
2.3 THE GPS SIGNALS .....................................................................................................................................................6
3. THE PSEUDORANGE OBSERVABLE ................................................................................................................8
3.1 CODE GENERATION....................................................................................................................................................9
3.2 AUTOCORRELATION TECHNIQUE .............................................................................................................................12
3.3 PSEUDORANGE OBSERVATION EQUATIONS..............................................................................................................13
4. POINT POSITIONING USING PSEUDORANGE.............................................................................................15
4.1 LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATION..................................................................................................................................15
4.2 ERROR COMPUTATION.............................................................................................................................................18
5. THE CARRIER PHASE OBSERVABLE............................................................................................................22
5.1 CONCEPTS................................................................................................................................................................22
5.2 CARRIER PHASE OBSERVATION MODEL...................................................................................................................27
5.3 DIFFERENCING TECHNIQUES....................................................................................................................................32
6. RELATIVE POSITIONING USING CARRIER PHASE...................................................................................36
6.1 SELECTION OF OBSERVATIONS.................................................................................................................................36
6.2 BASELINE SOLUTION USING DOUBLE DIFFERENCES.................................................................................................39
6.3 STOCHASTIC MODEL................................................................................................................................................42
7. INTRODUCING HIGH PRECISION GPS GEODESY......................................................................................44
7.1 HIGH PRECISION SOFTWARE ....................................................................................................................................44
7.2 SOURCES OF DATA AND INFORMATION....................................................................................................................45
8. CONCLUSIONS.....................................................................................................................................................46