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DPR Dalmia Solar 19-08-09
DPR Dalmia Solar 19-08-09
DPR Dalmia Solar 19-08-09
Prepared for
Shri Rangam Brokers and Holding Limited, New Delhi
A subsidiary of Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Limited, New Delhi
List of tables
Table 2.1 Monthly total values of DNI over Bap, Jodhpur with effective sunshine hours 10
Table 3.1 Technological maturity level of CST technologies................................................13
Table 3.2 Comparison between various CSP technologies ...................................................14
Table 3.3. Technical Characteristics of Concentrating Solar Power Technologies..............16
Table 3.4 Physical details of parabolic Dish-Sterling of ISS.................................................19
Table 3.5 Operating parameters and ranges of parabolic dish-sterling system...................19
Table 3.5 Performance outputs of Parabolic Dish-Sterling system.................................... 25
Table 3.6 Expected service life of service items .................................................................. 26
Table 3.8 Performance summary of ISS of 10 MW............................................................. 28
Table 5.1 Action Plan For Execution of 10 MW Solar Power Plant ................................... 36
Table 6.1 Project cost & means of finance (10 MW)........................................................... 38
Executive Summary
About Dalmia
The Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Limited is in business for about 70
years now. They are the pioneers in the cement sector in India.
The DCBL has ushered into a higher growth trajectory and has
been posting phenomenal financial numbers for the past several
quarters. The company balance sheet for FY2009 seems to be
very strong with reserves of Rs. 1252 cr. Over the past decade
the company has commissioned projects worth more than Rs.
2000 crore in cement,sugar and power businesses. The installed
power generation of the company stands at 140.5 MW. To
sustain this growth momentum and as being an environmental
friendly corporate citizen the company plans to diversify in the
renewable energy sector. The group has already experience of
the wind power generation and is currently operating 17 MW
wind power plant in Tamil Nadu. The organization has now
identified to tap the solar bliss of the nature and help the nation
achieve its solar objectives be at forefront of the green power.
They have assigned to its subsidiary company, M/s Shri
Rangam Brokers and Holding Limited, New Delhi, to explore
and take up establishment and operation of solar power plants.
They have engaged M/s The Energy and Resources Institute,
New Delhi as consultant to prepare Detailed Project Report
(DPR).
About TERI
A dynamic and flexible organization with a global vision and
local focus, TERI was established in 1974. While in the initial
period the focus was mainly on documentation and information
dissemination activities, research activities in the fields of
energy, environment, and sustainable development were
initiated towards the end of 1982. The genesis of these activities
lay in TERI’s firm belief that efficient utilization of energy,
sustainable use of natural resources, large-scale adoption of
renewable energy technologies, and reduction of all forms of
waste would move the process of development towards the goal
of sustainability.
Technology
The proposed plant will comprises modular 3kW solar parabolic
Dish- Sterling technology for power generation. Technology
provider has developed and patented innovative oscillating
piston Sterling engine technology which has better performance
and longer life as compared to conventional cranks shaft type
Sterling engine designs.
The technology is stand alone type which needs no external
power or water source and hence is most appropriate for desert
region of Rajasthan. Small amount of processed water is
required only for cleaning of the system.
Solar Energy Action Plan of Shri Rangam Brokers and Holding Limited,
New Delhi/ Dalmia Group
The company proposes to set up concentrated solar power
generation station using Stirling Engine technology. This
technology has been identified as a “technology of future” in the
draft National Solar Mission in the section “mission strategy”
page-7. The company intends to implement this nest generation
technology now. In this context the company has following plans
for assimilation of the aforesaid technology:
1. To start with installing Solar Power Plant based on this
technology imported from the original technology provider.
2. Install manufacturing facility in India to drive down the
costs with the indigenization and by going along the learning
curve with volume growth.
3. Install large size Solar Power Projects in India based on this.
The company is looking at 400 MW installed capacity in
next 5 years.
Salient features of the project
Irradiance
Irradiance is the rate at which radiant energy is incident on a
surface, per unit area of surface.
Site details
The proposed location of the solar power plant based on Dish-
Sterling technology, is near village Bap in Phalodi Tahsil
(latitude 27°06’ to 27°09’ North and 72°20’ to 72°23’ East) of
Jodhpur district of Rajasthan state. Bap town is situated at
distance of 140 km. from Jodhpur and connected to Jodhpur-
Jaisalmer railway line.
Bap (Latitude 27o 22’N and Longitude 72o22’E) is an up
Tahsil of Phalodi and area where land has been selected for
proposed solar power plant. The location is well connected with
the National Highway NH15 (Bikaner-Jaiselmer).
The proposed location has shadow free area (almost flat
terrain) and located at very close (0.5-1.5 km) to a 33/11 kV
substation from where the power generated through the solar
power plant can be feed to the grid. In addition another 132/33
kV grid substation is planned near Bap village. The distance of
this substation from the proposed site is around 4-5 km. Figures
1.1 and 1.2 respectively represent the road and rail connectivity
of the proposed project location; where the important locations
are marked as Red.
T E R I Report No.2009RT03
2 Detailed-feasibility study for developing solar Dish-Sterling power plant at Jodhpur,
Rajasthan
The land plan of the identified land area for the proposed solar
power project at Bap, Jodhpur is presented in Figure 1.3. The
next chapters cover solar radiation resource potential, expected
electrical output from the proposed 10MW system along with
the financial analysis of the project.
Figure 1.3 Land Plan of the proposed solar power plant at Bap, Jodhpur
Preamble
India is located in the sunny belt of the earth, thereby receiving
abundant radiant energy from the sun. Its equivalent energy
potential is about 6,000 million GWh of energy per year. India
being a tropical country is blessed with good sunshine over
most parts, and the number of clear sunny days in a year also
being quite high. India is in the sunny belt of the world. The
country receives solar energy equivalent to more than 5,000
trillion kWh per year. The daily average global radiation is
around 5 .0 kWh/m2 in north-eastern and hilly areas to about
7.0 kWh/m2 in western regions and cold dessert areas with the
sunshine hours ranging between 2300 and 3200 per year. In
most parts of India, clear sunny weather is experienced for 250
to 300 days a year. The annual global radiation varies from
1600 to 2200 kWh/m2. The direct normal insolation1 (DNI)
over Rajasthan varies from 1800 kWh/m2 to 2600 kWh/m2.
This chapter covers the detailed-feasibility of solar radiation
resource assessment and Direct Normal Insolation (DNI) study
for Jodhpur Rajasthan.
Rajasthan
Rajasthan is situated in the north-western part of India. It
covers 342,239 square kilometres. Rajasthan lies between
latitudes 23o 3'and 30o 12', North and longitudes 69o 30' and 78o
17', East. The southern part of Rajasthan is about 225 km from
the Gulf of Kutch and about 400 km from the Arabian Sea.
Rajasthan is bounded by Pakistan in the west and north-west;
by the State of Punjab in the north; by Haryana in the north-
east; by Uttar Pradesh in the east, by Madhya Pradesh in the
south-east and Gujarat in the south-west.
The climate of Rajasthan can be divided into four seasons;
summers, Monsoon, Post-Monsoon and winter. A summer,
which extends from April to June, is the hottest season, with
temperatures ranging from 32 oC to 45 oC. In western Rajasthan
the temp may rise to 48 oC, particularly in May and June. The
second season Monsoon extends from July to September, temp
drops, but humidity increases, even when there is slight drop in
the temp (35 oC to 40 oC). 90% of rains occur during this period.
The Post-monsoon period is from October to November. The
average maximum temperature is 33o C to 38o C, and the
T E R I Report No.2009RT03
6 Detailed-feasibility study for developing solar Dish-Sterling power plant at Jodhpur,
Rajasthan
Bap
that the western and southern parts of the state receives good
amount of annual average solar radiation. Jodhpur is also one
representative location of Rajasthan State.
Stereographic Diagram N
Lo c a tio n: 26 .3°, 73 .0 ° 34 5° 15 °
S un P o sition : 1 53 .9°, 65 .6°
H SA: 15 3.9 ° 3 30 ° 30 °
VSA: 11 2.1°
1 0°
3 15 ° 4 5°
2 0°
3 0°
3 00 ° 6 0°
4 0°
1st Jul 6
1 st Jun
19 5 0°
1st Aug
2 85 ° 6 0° 7 1 st M ay
7 5°
18
7 0°
1st S ep 8
17
8 0° 9
16 1st Ap r
15 10
2 70 ° 14 11 9 0°
13 12
1st O c t
1 st M ar
1st N °ov
2 55 1 05 °
1st Feb
1 st D ec
1st Ja n
2 40 ° 1 20 °
2 25 ° 1 35 °
2 10 ° 15 0°
T ime : 1 2:00
D ate : 1 st A p r (9 1)
19 5° 16 5°
D otted line s: July-D ec embe r. 18 0°
250
Global Solar Radiation (kWh/m )
200
2
150
100
50
0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
MANI METEONORM
Figure 2.4 Global Solar Radiation over Bap, Jodhpur (from Mani and
METEONORM)
3 † TMY data sets for 234 U.S. locations, derived from the widely accepted 1952-1975 SOLMET/ERSATZ data base, have
been modified at the Solar Energy Laboratory for ease of use with the TRNSYS energy system simulation program. The
original TMY files are ASCII text files containing one year of weather data (ranging from solar radiation to precipitation) at one
hour time intervals. TRNSYS TMY files, containing only the most widely used information from the original files and corrected
for known problems.
TMY file for the locations of Jodhpur has been selected from
METEONORM database. A program has been developed to
estimate the direct solar radiation over stationary and tracking
surfaces (single axis, double-axis) using computer software
TRNSYS6. TRNSYS is a time dependent systems simulation
program, which recognizes a system description language in
which the user specifies the components that constitute the
system and the manner in which they are connected. The
TRNSYS library includes many of the components commonly
found in thermal and electrical energy systems, as well as
component routines to handle input of weather data or other
time-dependent forcing functions and output of simulation
results. TRNSYS is well suited to detailed analyses of any
system whose behaviour is dependent on the passage of time.
Table 2.1 presents the outcome of solar radiation resource
assessment for Bap, Jodhpur. It has been estimated that the
location receives 2241 kWh/m2 Direct Normal Incidence over
the year. The monthly values of global solar radiation, diffuse
radiation and effective sunshine hours at Bap, Jodhpur has also
been given in the Table 2.1. The daily average values of solar
radiation, sunshine hours, effective DNI and associated climatic
parameters especially ambient temperature and prevailing wind
speed have been summarized in Annexure-1.
Table 2.1 Monthly total values of DNI over Bap, Jodhpur with effective sunshine hours
Month Global Solar Diffuse Solar Direct Solar DNI (two axis Effective DNI* Effective
Radiation on Radiation on Radiation on tracking)(kWh/m2) (kWh/m2) Sunshine
Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Hours (hrs)
(kWh/m2) (kWh/m2) (kWh/m2)
Jan 142 29 113 222 221 289
Feb 154 31 123 215 213 274
Mar 201 46 155 240 239 331
Apr 214 62 151 217 214 330
May 226 79 147 204 202 361
Jun 189 83 106 147 141 269
Jul 146 85 61 83 77 173
Aug 135 88 47 65 56 131
Sep 212 32 179 270 269 326
Oct 171 47 124 208 206 315
Nov 134 39 95 182 179 270
Dec 126 34 93 187 185 273
Total 2050 655 1394 2240 2202 3342
*meeting the performance conditions for selected technology
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
6 http://sel.me.wisc.edu/trnsys/
FOSSIL – FIRED
BACKUP
SYSTEM
Thermal
Solar Thermal Energy Energy
SOLAR
CONCENTRATOR RECEIVER
RADIATION
Stored
Thermal
Concentrated Solar Radiation Energy
POWER
CONVERSION
SYSTEM
T E R I Report No.2009RT03
12 Detailed-feasibility study for developing solar Dish-Sterling power plant at Jodhpur,
Rajasthan
Figure 3.2 Schematic diagram of concentrating solar thermal (CST) power technologies
7IP54, IP56, and IP66 are the international standards applicable for
outdoor installation of mechanical/electrical system.
Environmental ratings
The range of environmental parameters under which this
parabolic dish-sterling system works, is given in Table 3.5 as
following;
Methodology
The annual electrical output has been estimated on the basis of
hourly DNI values, ambient air temperature and prevailing
wind speed along with the rated specifications of Infinia Solar
System. Following considerations have been taken in to account
for output estimation;
Proposed Net efficiency of Infinia Solar System will be 24%
Electrical output 3 kW when DNI is greater than 850 W/m2
Efficiency De-rating because of ambient temperature
Efficiency De-rating because of wind
Efficiency De-rating because of age
Peak Power
Peak Electrical Power produced is 3,000 W at 850 W/m2 of
Direct Normal Incidence (after all internal parasitic power
Performance curve
The performance curve (power output vs. solar DNI) of the ISS
is presented in Figure 3.5. The efficiency increases with solar
insolation. There is no generation till solar insolation of 100
kWh/sq. meters and when DNI increases above 850 W/m2, the
ISS does not increase its power production beyond the nominal
3,000 W output. As DNI increases above 850 W/m2, the system
will defocus reflectors thereby diverting the additional heat
input out of the system.
De-Rating
The overall performance of the these systems mainly depends
on the DNI availability and partially depends upon ambient
temperature and prevailing wind speed. In addition the de-
rating factor is also associated with the age of the system.
Temperature De-rating
Altitude and ambient temperature affects the performance and
energy output of ISS. Over the operating temperature range, -20
°C to 55 °C , power is de-rated by ~2.5-3.0% for every
temperature increase of 10 °C above 20 °C ambient, at 850
W/m2 of DNI.
For elevations above 1890 m [6,200 ft], increased fan
performance may be required.
Calculating the de-rating factor for high temperature
environments is as following;
850 W/m2, 20 °C >> 3,000 W
850 W/m2, 30 °C >> 3,000 W*(1-0.03) = ~2,910 W
4.0
3.5
3.0
Wind Speed (m/s)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug S ep Oct Nov Dec
System Control
Infinia Solar System uses a high quality control mechanism to
control operations of individual dishes. It operates in following
modes;
System Calibration
At initial start-up, an electronic calibration table is
automatically built to ensure solar tracking accuracy.
System Check
Inverter, Rectifier, Motor (Azimuth, Elevation) Controllers, and
Sensors perform self tests at Operational Wake-Up and when
initialized by the user.
Operation
Typical operation starts with a system self check, the system
then “wakes up” and slews to the sun. Using Built In
algorithms, system calibrations, project site meteorological
inputs, real time sensor data and environmental conditions (like
temperature and wind), and user defined limits (in terms of
time of day or elevation of sun), system control automatically
monitor ISS/faults, initiates system alerts, processes algorithms,
Tracking
Tracking consists of aligning the axis of parabolic dish with that
of incident ray of the sun so that sun rays reflected by parabolic
dish is concentrated on receiver. Tracking is adjusted after
predefined interval so that at no stage sun rays do not focus on
receiver.
Standby
If after tracking has commenced during the day, sun can not be
tracked due to environmental conditions other than those of
slew to stow (e.g. low solar insolation not coinciding with sun
shine hours preset say due to cloud cover, suspended dust etc),
parabolic dish remain in stand by mode i.e. last tracked
position.
Slew to Sun
Slew to sun is initiated if user defined conditions of sun shine
are met to initiate it after wake up.
Slew to Stow
In addition to non sun shine hours ,if during sun shine hours
supplied by users, if abnormal conditions of high wind, hail
storm, fault on system (likely to remain uncured for long time),
etc, occurs system takes a decision to slew to stow”.
Inverter
Power output is set and produced compliant with the utility
voltage. Protective relay functions ensure safe system shutdown
in the event of grid failure or if system operates beyond
specification limits.
When the system is off, the unit enters the stow position and
remains connected to the grid. When the grid is not present, the
24-V DC battery provides power to the system electronics and
stows the system until the grid is present.
General specifications/Interface
Table 3.5 presents the output details of the parabolic dish-
sterling system. The peak power has been estimated at rated
input direct normal incidence (DNI) ≥ 850 W/m2 at 20oC
ambient temperature and wind speed <7 m/s. The voltage and
frequency automatically sensed and adjusted according to
voltages on output (grid connect) voltage and frequency used
adjustable, 4-wire output (stand alone) Overall System
Efficiency and 28% gross efficiency (gross AC output divided by
rated direct normal insolation times collector area). The
Interface
Voltage and frequency are automatically sensed and adjusted
according to voltages on the output/interconnection terminals
(grid connect). AC output from the system shall be connected to
the local grid in accordance with local regulations and
requirements. The ISS control system is accessed via the key
switch and the Ethernet port.
Preventive maintenance
The ISS is a safe and reliable power conversion device which
can provide many years of safe dependable performance. Like
any power conversion device, preventive maintenance and a few
basic safety guidelines are to be followed.
Cleaning
Mirror cleaning maintains system efficiency and promotes the
long-life, high output of the ISS. Heat exchanger (radiator)
fouling is to be expected in the field life of this product.
Periodically cleaning the radiator fins will promote maximum
efficiency of the system.
Installation
The Infinia Solar System arrives in the field packaged in the
following subsystems:
Heat Drive Kit
Chassis Kit
Reflector Kit
Bi-axial Drive Kit
Power Electronics and Control System Kit
Safety
Lightning
System
The ISS is a safe and reliable power conversion device that will
provide many years of safe dependable performance. Just as
with any power conversion device, good sense and a few basic
safety guidelines should be heeded.
Foundation
The solar system structures have been designed to a survival
wind speed of 45 m/s in stow position. The system will move to
stow position when the wind speed approaches 14 m/s. The
foundation loads were calculated for these situations and
determined that the highest loads occurs when the dish is at the
horizontal position, while moving from operation position to
stow position. This condition could exist when the dish has
sensed a high wind condition and is moving to stow position.
Layout
Layout of parabolic solar dishes i.e. distances between dishes is
critical as it influences the output of the system and land area
requirement; while too close dishes can reduce land
requirement and also electrical cabling losses and cost, but the
dishes can cast shadow on each other and solar system
performance is reduced.
TERI has utilised special software named ECOTECH to
calculate/ show sun path and sun position in the sky for the
selected place (Bap) based on its geographical parameters,
simulate the shadow pattern for any unit, date and time and
analyse its impact on adjoining units thereby to optimise the
solar plant layout design. The pictorial out put of the ECOTECH
software are shown in the Figure 3.8 and 3.9 below.
The calculation shows that solar field area of about 60-70
acre is required for the 10 MW capacity plant.
Figure 3.8 Shadow pattern for solar field at 8.30am on 23rd Dec
(ECOTECH)
Figure 3.9 Shadow pattern for solar field at 10.30am on 23rd Dec
The total area required for the ISS based solar power plant of
the capacity of 10 MW is approximately as 70 acres. This are
includes the inter dish spacing, area of cabling and internal
transmission network of the power plant etc.
As there are 333-334 ISS dishes are used for 1 MW
concentrating solar power plant. Hence 3330-3340 ISS dishes
are required in the power plant of the capacity of 10 MW.
Inverter
Cabling, Control,
Interconnections,
4% Maximum losses
Transformers up to
HV side of 11/33 KV
Figure 3.13 Process flow chart diagram of parabolic Dish-Sterling system of ISS
The output of the ISS dish has been estimated on hourly basis
incorporating the de-rating due to ambient temperature and
prevailing wind speed. The de-rating because of system age has
not been taken into account for estimating electrical output in
first year only.
It has been estimate that Bap, Jodhpur receives 2202
kWh/m2 annual equivalent effective DNI (150 W/m2 ≤ DNI ≥
850 W/m2). Taking in to account the efficiency of the system
(i.e. 24 percent) and the respective value of DNI along with the
simultaneous de-rating factors due to ambient temperature and
prevailing wind speed the annual electrical output of an ISS
parabolic dish-sterling system of 3kW capacity has been
estimated as 6946 Units per year at sterling engine terminal (i.e.
AC terminals of inverter). Multiplying with the number of
dishes (i.e. 334) in 1 MW capacity the aggregate electrical output
per MW module at sterling engine terminals has been estimated
as 2227579.6 (2.22 MU) Units annually at HV end of inverter
considering cut off DNI of 150 W/m2 and maximum DNI
clamped to 850 W/m2.
Further considering the field losses from sterling engine
terminal to HV side of 11/33 kV 16000 kVA transformer, including
losses in cables, 1600 kvA 208 volt / 11 kV transformer etc., at 4
percent, the effective cumulative electrical output has been
estimated as 2.14 MU per MW annually at PH bus bar. Hence the
ISS based solar plant of 10 MW capacities will generate 21.39 MU
sellable units per year.
T E R I Report No.2009RT03
33 Control, internal transmission and evacuation of power
Net Metering
The Energy accounting metering system will be installed at 11
kV or 33 kV Power Station bus to account electric energy
generated by the powerplant and delivered to the local grid of
JdVVNL or State Grid of RVPNL and the electrical energy
imported from the grid during the non – power period. The
energy meter will measure import and export energy
parameters. This meter will be sealed by JdVVNL/RVPNL.
Total project can be completed within 26 months from date of sanction of the project. The proposed execution plan is shown below.
T E R I Report No.2009RT03
37 Transmission of power and evacuation plan
PROJECT COST:BREAK-UP
Cost, Rs. Lacs phase-2(9MW) phase-1(1MW)
20700 2300
T E R I Report No.2009RT03
39 Transmission of power and evacuation plan
than 850 W/m2 DNI. It has been estimated that during 846
sunshine hours the DNI remains more than 850 W/m2 at
Jodhpur throughout the year.
The overall performance of the selected technology critically
depended on the climatic parameters namely ambient
temperature, prevailing wind speed, etc. The daily average
values of day time ambient temperature of Bap, Jodhpur are
presented in Table 9A; which indicated that the monthly
average temperature varies from 17.6 oC to 34.8oC.
The annual average wind speed has been observed from 0.59
m/s in October to 2.30 m/s in the month of June. The daily
average values of prevailing wind speed have been presented in
Table 10A. The other climatic parameters namely relative
humidity (%) and visibility (km) have also analyzed and their
daily average values are represented in Tables 11A and Table
12A respectively.
Table 1A. Daily total values of Extraterrestrial (IExt) solar radiation (kWh/m2) in Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 6.23 7.07 8.41 9.89 10.86 11.27 11.26 10.95 10.12 8.85 7.31 6.34
2 6.24 7.12 8.46 9.93 10.89 11.27 11.25 10.93 10.08 8.80 7.27 6.33
3 6.25 7.16 8.51 9.97 10.91 11.28 11.24 10.92 10.05 8.76 7.23 6.31
4 6.27 7.20 8.56 10.01 10.93 11.28 11.24 10.90 10.01 8.70 7.19 6.29
5 6.28 7.25 8.62 10.05 10.95 11.28 11.23 10.88 9.97 8.66 7.14 6.27
6 6.30 7.29 8.67 10.08 10.97 11.29 11.22 10.86 9.93 8.61 7.10 6.26
7 6.32 7.34 8.72 10.12 10.99 11.29 11.21 10.84 9.89 8.55 7.06 6.24
8 6.34 7.38 8.77 10.15 11.00 11.29 11.20 10.82 9.84 8.50 7.02 6.23
9 6.36 7.43 8.82 10.19 11.02 11.29 11.20 10.80 9.77 8.45 6.91 6.22
10 6.38 7.47 8.87 10.22 11.04 11.30 11.19 10.78 9.73 8.40 6.88 6.20
11 6.40 7.52 8.93 10.26 11.06 11.30 11.18 10.76 9.69 8.35 6.84 6.19
12 6.42 7.57 8.98 10.29 11.07 11.30 11.18 10.73 9.66 8.30 6.81 6.19
13 6.45 7.62 9.03 10.32 11.08 11.30 11.17 10.71 9.61 8.25 6.78 6.18
14 6.47 7.66 9.08 10.35 11.10 11.30 11.16 10.68 9.57 8.20 6.74 6.17
15 6.50 7.71 9.13 10.38 11.11 11.29 11.15 10.66 9.53 8.15 6.71 6.16
16 6.53 7.76 9.18 10.41 11.13 11.29 11.14 10.63 9.49 8.09 6.68 6.16
17 6.55 7.81 9.23 10.44 11.14 11.29 11.13 10.61 9.45 8.04 6.65 6.16
18 6.58 7.86 9.27 10.47 11.15 11.29 11.12 10.58 9.41 7.99 6.62 6.15
19 6.61 7.91 9.32 10.49 11.16 11.29 11.11 10.55 9.36 7.94 6.59 6.15
20 6.64 7.96 9.37 10.52 11.18 11.28 11.10 10.52 9.32 7.89 6.56 6.15
21 6.67 8.00 9.42 10.55 11.18 11.28 11.09 10.49 9.27 7.84 6.53 6.15
22 6.70 8.05 9.46 10.57 11.19 11.28 11.08 10.46 9.23 7.79 6.50 6.15
23 6.73 8.10 9.51 10.60 11.20 11.27 11.07 10.43 9.18 7.74 6.48 6.15
24 6.76 8.15 9.55 10.62 11.21 11.27 11.06 10.40 9.14 7.69 6.45 6.16
25 6.80 8.20 9.60 10.65 11.22 11.27 11.04 10.37 9.09 7.64 6.43 6.16
26 6.84 8.25 9.64 10.67 11.23 11.26 11.03 10.33 9.04 7.59 6.41 6.17
27 6.87 8.30 9.69 10.73 11.24 11.28 11.01 10.30 8.99 7.54 6.39 6.17
28 6.91 8.36 9.73 10.76 11.24 11.28 11.00 10.27 8.95 7.48 6.36 6.18
29 6.95 9.77 10.80 11.25 11.28 10.98 10.23 8.90 7.43 6.26 6.19
30 6.99 9.81 10.83 11.26 11.28 10.97 10.20 8.87 7.38 6.22 6.20
31 7.03 9.85 11.26 10.98 10.16 7.33 6.21
Total 203 216 284 311 344 339 345 329 285 251 202 192
Average 6.6 7.7 9.2 10.4 11.1 11.3 11.1 10.6 9.5 8.1 6.7 6.2
Table 2A Daily total values of global solar radiation (kWh/m2) on horizontal surface in Bap, Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 4.16 5.01 5.74 6.72 7.22 7.42 7.68 7.47 7.44 5.55 5.23 3.95
2 4.39 4.99 6.12 5.03 6.11 7.70 7.72 5.61 7.41 5.44 5.04 4.36
3 4.34 5.13 6.40 7.11 7.66 7.87 6.59 3.62 7.36 5.05 4.89 4.29
4 4.32 5.02 6.19 6.78 7.01 6.03 1.48 3.43 7.34 5.69 5.04 4.03
5 4.13 5.00 6.26 7.24 7.52 7.47 1.42 3.55 7.32 6.20 5.03 4.43
6 4.11 5.17 6.15 6.53 6.46 7.70 5.98 4.26 7.33 6.05 4.95 4.26
7 4.17 5.32 6.46 7.05 5.38 7.89 5.98 5.22 7.30 6.09 4.96 3.54
8 4.50 5.36 6.37 6.74 7.04 7.23 4.54 5.45 7.27 4.50 4.69 3.56
9 4.58 5.30 6.29 6.72 7.31 7.55 2.49 7.09 7.25 5.75 4.69 4.03
10 4.37 5.57 5.95 6.81 7.19 3.71 4.41 3.69 7.20 5.79 4.82 3.99
11 4.56 5.30 6.15 7.28 7.63 6.50 3.30 1.98 7.17 5.83 4.46 4.11
12 4.59 5.55 6.42 7.34 7.17 3.89 7.71 3.09 7.19 5.14 4.78 4.15
13 4.61 5.63 6.14 7.16 7.86 5.23 7.91 3.18 7.17 5.78 4.45 4.16
14 4.64 5.44 6.20 6.90 7.75 3.71 7.52 6.04 7.04 5.99 4.75 4.34
15 4.44 5.41 6.07 7.18 7.74 2.89 1.56 7.01 7.12 5.76 4.48 4.33
16 4.47 5.65 6.57 7.21 7.28 5.78 5.23 3.27 7.03 5.65 4.14 3.88
17 4.70 5.97 5.92 7.54 7.31 6.74 4.11 2.98 7.05 5.63 4.60 4.11
18 4.53 5.51 6.79 7.42 6.88 7.45 2.85 2.41 7.02 5.56 3.97 4.17
19 4.58 4.75 6.65 6.95 7.57 6.28 2.07 2.03 6.96 5.78 3.93 3.94
20 4.39 5.62 6.28 7.12 7.47 3.50 6.42 3.10 6.96 5.73 3.68 4.15
21 4.84 5.61 6.87 7.36 7.23 7.87 4.05 2.97 6.88 5.49 4.08 4.12
22 4.87 5.63 7.07 7.06 7.62 5.59 6.54 5.48 6.88 5.34 4.30 4.24
23 4.56 6.16 6.27 7.53 7.43 7.79 7.29 3.02 6.81 5.63 3.93 4.01
24 4.90 6.01 6.99 7.24 7.71 2.70 6.25 3.41 6.83 5.35 4.49 3.92
25 4.84 5.93 6.93 7.12 6.37 8.06 2.63 4.41 6.78 5.21 4.41 4.23
26 5.03 5.96 6.88 7.57 7.49 7.60 3.74 4.01 6.75 5.23 4.30 3.87
27 4.79 6.31 7.13 7.65 7.50 7.82 1.93 3.52 6.75 5.59 4.63 3.93
28 4.76 5.95 6.48 7.67 8.07 8.03 3.26 7.25 6.72 4.95 4.33 3.76
29 5.10 7.14 7.64 7.62 3.90 4.71 4.12 6.68 5.32 4.48 3.97
30 5.14 7.17 7.92 7.96 7.46 3.75 5.57 6.63 4.91 2.79 4.19
31 5.06 7.11 7.89 4.74 6.53 4.92 4.36
Total 142 154 201 214 226 189 146 135 212 171 134 126
Average 4.6 5.5 6.5 7.1 7.3 6.3 4.7 4.3 7.1 5.5 4.5 4.1
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
Table 3A. Daily total values of diffuse solar radiation (kWh/m2) on horizontal surface in Bap, Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 0.92 0.97 1.61 2.16 2.59 2.69 2.22 2.36 1.24 2.26 1.08 1.48
2 0.90 1.02 1.20 3.21 3.35 2.39 2.42 3.67 1.22 2.35 1.29 0.92
3 0.87 1.06 0.89 1.50 1.82 2.14 3.40 3.02 1.19 2.61 1.29 0.89
4 0.87 1.10 1.23 2.10 2.85 3.41 1.47 3.17 1.23 2.04 1.14 1.26
5 1.13 1.18 1.14 1.49 2.11 2.72 1.41 2.92 1.25 1.17 1.12 0.83
6 1.18 1.21 1.38 2.35 3.26 2.49 3.43 3.08 1.17 1.34 1.12 0.82
7 1.09 0.99 1.04 1.85 3.53 2.03 3.51 3.30 1.14 1.30 1.05 1.66
8 0.86 0.98 1.17 2.35 2.80 2.94 3.33 3.36 1.12 2.67 1.36 1.71
9 0.79 1.10 1.49 2.43 2.56 2.72 2.37 2.46 1.17 1.66 1.34 1.04
10 1.02 0.83 1.82 2.29 2.69 2.70 3.45 2.93 1.19 1.65 1.07 1.06
11 0.86 1.12 1.63 1.78 2.28 3.52 2.91 1.94 1.19 1.40 1.45 1.00
12 0.76 1.02 1.35 1.74 2.77 3.31 2.19 2.71 1.07 2.20 1.03 1.00
13 0.70 0.88 1.82 2.03 1.82 3.61 1.96 2.81 1.06 1.40 1.32 1.01
14 0.75 1.11 1.84 2.50 2.14 3.12 2.48 3.38 1.14 1.09 1.02 0.69
15 1.03 1.24 2.07 1.99 2.19 2.55 1.53 2.50 1.04 1.22 1.36 0.75
16 1.04 1.11 1.41 2.11 2.65 3.62 3.34 2.49 1.13 1.50 1.69 1.34
17 0.85 0.72 2.27 1.53 2.67 3.26 3.13 2.76 0.99 1.51 1.11 1.05
18 0.96 1.27 1.25 1.86 3.08 2.67 2.60 2.24 0.98 1.42 1.84 1.04
19 1.03 2.11 1.37 2.55 2.30 3.63 2.03 1.94 1.09 1.06 1.73 1.19
20 1.23 1.24 2.04 2.39 2.48 2.66 3.35 2.79 0.99 1.13 1.79 0.96
21 0.91 1.33 1.27 2.08 2.95 2.19 3.45 2.34 1.07 1.34 1.50 1.02
22 0.81 1.32 1.05 2.49 2.48 3.83 3.16 3.40 0.97 1.46 1.20 0.85
23 1.27 0.75 2.16 1.76 2.74 2.30 2.61 2.84 1.03 0.94 1.68 1.14
24 0.78 1.04 1.41 2.31 2.13 2.47 3.47 2.77 0.96 1.30 1.05 1.18
25 0.93 1.16 1.53 2.52 3.46 1.88 2.27 3.28 0.98 1.34 1.12 0.84
26 0.82 1.14 1.58 1.79 2.41 2.47 2.61 3.41 1.00 1.27 1.25 1.38
27 1.01 0.83 1.26 1.80 2.67 2.22 1.91 3.00 0.89 0.86 0.84 1.23
28 1.14 1.18 2.22 1.76 1.79 1.88 2.97 1.76 0.88 1.60 1.19 1.33
29 0.82 1.28 1.93 2.46 3.15 3.43 3.22 0.88 1.08 0.87 1.25
30 0.81 1.28 1.50 2.13 2.62 3.00 3.36 0.94 1.62 2.14 1.07
31 0.92 1.38 2.11 3.26 2.60 1.54 0.73
Total 29 31 46 62 79 83 85 88 32 47 39 34
Average 0.9 1.1 1.5 2.1 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.1
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
Table 4A. Daily total values of direct solar radiation (kWh/m2) on horizontal surface at Bap, Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 3.24 4.04 4.13 4.56 4.64 4.73 5.46 5.11 6.20 3.29 4.15 2.47
2 3.49 3.97 4.93 1.82 2.76 5.31 5.31 1.94 6.19 3.08 3.75 3.44
3 3.47 4.08 5.51 5.61 5.84 5.73 3.19 0.61 6.17 2.44 3.61 3.41
4 3.45 3.92 4.96 4.68 4.16 2.61 0.01 0.26 6.11 3.65 3.90 2.78
5 3.01 3.82 5.12 5.74 5.41 4.75 0.01 0.63 6.06 5.04 3.91 3.60
6 2.94 3.96 4.77 4.18 3.20 5.21 2.55 1.17 6.16 4.71 3.83 3.44
7 3.08 4.32 5.41 5.20 1.85 5.86 2.47 1.91 6.16 4.79 3.92 1.89
8 3.64 4.39 5.19 4.39 4.24 4.29 1.21 2.09 6.15 1.83 3.33 1.85
9 3.79 4.20 4.80 4.29 4.76 4.83 0.12 4.63 6.08 4.08 3.35 2.99
10 3.35 4.74 4.13 4.52 4.50 1.01 0.96 0.76 6.02 4.13 3.74 2.93
11 3.70 4.19 4.52 5.49 5.35 2.98 0.38 0.05 5.98 4.43 3.01 3.11
12 3.83 4.53 5.07 5.61 4.40 0.57 5.52 0.39 6.12 2.94 3.75 3.15
13 3.91 4.75 4.32 5.13 6.04 1.62 5.94 0.37 6.11 4.38 3.13 3.15
14 3.89 4.32 4.36 4.41 5.61 0.59 5.05 2.66 5.90 4.91 3.74 3.64
15 3.41 4.17 4.01 5.19 5.55 0.34 0.03 4.51 6.08 4.54 3.13 3.59
16 3.43 4.54 5.17 5.09 4.64 2.16 1.89 0.78 5.90 4.15 2.45 2.54
17 3.86 5.25 3.65 6.01 4.64 3.48 0.98 0.22 6.05 4.12 3.49 3.07
18 3.58 4.24 5.53 5.56 3.80 4.78 0.25 0.17 6.04 4.14 2.13 3.13
19 3.55 2.63 5.29 4.41 5.27 2.65 0.04 0.08 5.87 4.72 2.20 2.75
20 3.17 4.38 4.24 4.73 4.99 0.84 3.07 0.31 5.97 4.61 1.89 3.19
21 3.92 4.27 5.60 5.27 4.28 5.68 0.59 0.63 5.81 4.15 2.57 3.10
22 4.06 4.31 6.02 4.57 5.14 1.76 3.38 2.08 5.91 3.87 3.11 3.40
23 3.29 5.41 4.10 5.77 4.69 5.49 4.68 0.18 5.77 4.68 2.26 2.88
24 4.12 4.98 5.58 4.93 5.57 0.23 2.78 0.64 5.87 4.05 3.44 2.73
25 3.91 4.77 5.40 4.59 2.91 6.17 0.36 1.13 5.80 3.86 3.29 3.40
26 4.21 4.82 5.30 5.78 5.08 5.14 1.13 0.61 5.74 3.96 3.05 2.49
27 3.77 5.49 5.87 5.84 4.82 5.60 0.03 0.52 5.85 4.73 3.79 2.70
28 3.62 4.77 4.26 5.91 6.28 6.15 0.29 5.49 5.84 3.35 3.14 2.43
29 4.29 5.86 5.71 5.16 0.76 1.28 0.90 5.81 4.23 3.61 2.73
30 4.33 5.88 6.42 5.83 4.84 0.75 2.21 5.69 3.29 0.65 3.12
31 4.13 5.72 5.77 1.48 3.93 3.38 3.62
Total 113 123 155 151 147 106 61 47 179 124 95 93
Average 3.7 4.4 5.0 5.0 4.7 3.5 2.0 1.5 6.0 4.0 3.2 3.0
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
Table 5A. Daily total values of direct normal incidence (DNI) at Bap, Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 6.86 7.72 6.99 7.40 6.40 6.40 6.86 7.56 9.05 5.23 7.55 4.99
2 7.09 7.32 7.47 2.52 3.83 6.86 7.24 2.49 9.07 4.81 6.91 6.68
3 6.84 7.05 9.31 8.58 7.78 7.38 4.51 0.95 9.00 3.85 6.84 6.87
4 7.07 7.07 8.34 6.80 5.38 3.47 0.01 0.57 8.90 6.10 7.24 6.01
5 6.05 6.40 8.75 8.21 6.91 6.59 0.02 0.82 8.86 7.50 7.50 6.88
6 5.97 7.38 7.55 6.30 4.56 7.54 3.03 1.47 9.09 7.60 7.33 6.89
7 5.86 7.71 8.27 7.43 2.81 7.53 3.27 2.87 9.08 7.53 7.46 4.09
8 7.25 8.11 8.45 6.59 6.33 5.55 1.51 2.57 9.09 3.36 5.74 3.78
9 7.58 7.44 7.66 5.88 6.59 6.85 0.14 5.89 8.98 6.66 6.13 5.59
10 7.10 8.52 6.84 6.40 6.45 1.65 1.10 1.00 8.85 6.69 7.35 5.71
11 7.34 7.65 6.65 7.96 7.45 4.26 0.74 0.06 8.79 7.76 5.42 6.16
12 7.76 8.13 8.08 7.90 6.14 0.65 7.34 0.53 9.15 5.36 7.31 6.28
13 7.99 8.59 6.41 7.54 8.16 3.15 8.35 0.55 9.16 7.05 5.70 6.60
14 7.73 7.46 6.95 6.37 7.82 0.83 6.72 3.48 8.70 8.22 7.26 7.34
15 6.91 7.76 6.29 7.03 8.00 0.53 0.03 5.82 9.16 7.41 6.13 7.29
16 6.77 7.60 7.78 7.43 6.27 2.69 2.89 0.87 8.75 6.83 4.55 5.10
17 7.68 9.32 6.01 8.43 6.66 5.31 1.45 0.40 9.18 6.96 6.80 5.93
18 7.08 7.18 8.35 7.94 5.34 6.07 0.41 0.48 9.20 7.05 4.42 6.49
19 6.78 4.25 7.85 6.31 7.05 3.52 0.05 0.10 8.69 8.05 4.16 5.48
20 6.61 7.34 6.97 6.86 7.25 1.81 4.35 0.38 9.12 8.03 3.28 6.44
21 7.32 7.19 8.80 7.96 5.92 8.15 0.87 1.11 8.77 7.54 5.01 6.39
22 7.82 7.59 9.40 6.35 7.04 2.83 4.55 3.68 9.17 6.42 5.78 6.82
23 6.33 9.41 6.24 8.06 6.64 7.26 6.70 0.22 8.79 7.78 4.68 5.68
24 7.70 8.48 8.22 6.83 7.78 0.51 3.75 0.85 9.18 6.95 6.95 5.65
25 7.09 7.41 8.38 6.06 4.28 8.66 0.43 1.35 8.99 6.44 6.19 6.78
26 8.04 8.17 7.70 8.09 6.45 6.56 1.37 0.96 8.85 6.97 5.76 4.93
27 7.13 9.43 8.36 8.06 6.83 7.78 0.03 0.69 9.25 8.42 7.30 5.50
28 6.94 7.29 6.15 8.42 8.66 8.03 0.48 7.79 9.27 5.99 6.40 4.90
29 8.02 9.02 7.87 6.93 1.52 2.00 1.28 9.26 7.28 7.20 5.68
30 8.28 8.73 9.28 8.44 6.99 1.07 3.02 8.99 5.77 1.45 6.44
31 7.33 8.19 8.25 1.80 5.57 6.21 7.47
Total 222 215 240 217 204 147 83 65 270 208 182 187
Average 7.2 7.7 7.7 7.2 6.6 4.9 2.7 2.1 9.0 6.7 6.1 6.0
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
Table 6A. Daily total values of effective direct normal incidence (IB>150W/m2) at Bap, Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 6.76 7.70 6.99 7.30 6.39 6.33 6.59 7.43 8.91 5.23 7.38 4.80
2 7.02 7.31 7.47 2.38 3.57 6.82 7.13 2.19 8.93 4.68 6.76 6.62
3 6.69 6.93 9.31 8.53 7.78 7.21 4.51 0.41 8.96 3.75 6.84 6.69
4 7.04 6.95 8.34 6.71 5.23 3.17 0.00 0.28 8.85 6.10 7.24 5.88
5 5.94 6.27 8.75 8.11 6.76 6.59 0.00 0.31 8.75 7.34 7.45 6.83
6 5.97 7.34 7.53 6.30 4.44 7.52 2.78 1.07 8.99 7.52 7.28 6.88
7 5.79 7.67 8.27 7.36 2.35 7.50 3.27 2.56 9.04 7.53 7.40 4.04
8 7.25 7.95 8.45 6.53 6.20 5.55 1.24 2.17 9.05 3.13 5.59 3.59
9 7.44 7.40 7.66 5.88 6.45 6.58 0.00 5.85 8.91 6.66 5.97 5.50
10 7.10 8.34 6.84 6.38 6.22 1.53 0.83 0.56 8.82 6.69 7.33 5.69
11 7.30 7.59 6.64 7.92 7.45 4.12 0.57 0.00 8.77 7.76 5.40 6.09
12 7.76 8.08 8.08 7.87 6.14 0.21 7.23 0.00 9.13 5.27 7.28 6.23
13 7.99 8.55 6.40 7.39 8.07 2.66 8.35 0.22 9.13 7.05 5.64 6.50
14 7.63 7.37 6.95 6.30 7.75 0.23 6.59 3.22 8.63 8.22 7.25 7.31
15 6.91 7.66 6.29 6.82 8.00 0.17 0.00 5.79 9.16 7.37 6.13 7.24
16 6.65 7.53 7.69 7.38 6.11 2.29 2.57 0.73 8.60 6.83 4.45 5.07
17 7.66 9.21 6.01 8.36 6.59 5.11 1.12 0.18 9.18 6.96 6.63 5.80
18 6.93 7.05 8.20 7.90 5.20 5.89 0.15 0.34 9.20 7.05 4.25 6.41
19 6.64 4.18 7.85 6.16 6.95 3.41 0.00 0.00 8.69 7.94 4.00 5.46
20 6.61 7.24 6.97 6.76 7.25 1.57 4.15 0.00 9.12 7.97 2.89 6.37
21 7.24 7.09 8.80 7.84 5.79 8.15 0.15 0.69 8.77 7.40 4.91 6.33
22 7.74 7.46 9.40 6.26 6.99 2.18 4.55 3.18 9.17 6.29 5.78 6.73
23 6.27 9.41 6.24 7.91 6.64 7.17 6.43 0.00 8.67 7.66 4.54 5.59
24 7.70 8.48 8.22 6.71 7.78 0.31 3.60 0.47 9.18 6.85 6.95 5.60
25 7.09 7.41 8.38 6.06 4.28 8.57 0.17 0.85 8.99 6.41 6.10 6.76
26 8.04 8.09 7.70 7.95 6.45 6.48 0.99 0.34 8.85 6.86 5.68 4.90
27 7.13 9.43 8.24 8.04 6.75 7.70 0.00 0.24 9.25 8.42 7.19 5.43
28 6.89 7.11 6.02 8.28 8.66 7.90 0.25 7.64 9.27 5.96 6.25 4.87
29 8.02 9.02 7.76 6.83 0.95 1.72 0.62 9.26 7.16 7.10 5.68
30 8.28 8.60 9.17 8.44 6.99 0.84 2.84 8.87 5.68 0.98 6.35
31 7.28 8.19 8.15 1.30 5.33 5.99 7.39
Total 221 213 239 214 202 141 77 56 269 206 179 185
Average 7.12 7.60 7.73 7.14 6.50 4.69 2.49 1.79 8.97 6.64 5.95 5.96
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
Table 7A. Daily total values of effective sunshine hours (IB>150W/m2) at Bap, Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 9 10 11 11 12 11 10 12 11 11 9 8
2 9 10 10 8 9 12 12 8 11 10 9 9
3 9 9 11 11 12 11 13 2 11 9 10 8
4 9 9 11 11 11 9 0 1 11 11 10 9
5 9 9 11 11 11 13 0 1 11 9 10 9
6 9 10 10 11 12 12 8 3 11 10 10 9
7 9 10 10 11 7 12 10 8 11 11 10 9
8 9 9 11 11 12 12 5 6 11 8 9 7
9 9 10 11 11 11 11 0 11 11 11 9 8
10 10 9 11 11 10 5 3 2 11 11 10 9
11 9 10 10 11 13 11 2 0 11 11 9 9
12 10 10 11 11 13 1 11 0 11 10 10 9
13 10 10 10 11 11 6 13 1 11 10 9 9
14 9 9 11 11 12 1 11 9 10 11 10 9
15 10 10 11 10 13 1 0 11 11 10 10 9
16 9 10 10 11 11 7 7 3 10 11 9 9
17 9 10 11 11 12 11 3 1 11 11 9 8
18 9 9 10 11 11 11 1 1 11 11 9 9
19 9 9 11 11 11 12 0 0 11 10 8 9
20 10 10 11 11 13 3 10 0 11 10 5 9
21 9 10 11 12 12 13 1 2 11 10 9 9
22 9 10 11 11 12 7 12 8 11 10 9 9
23 9 11 11 11 12 12 11 0 10 10 9 9
24 9 11 11 11 12 1 11 2 11 10 10 9
25 10 10 11 11 12 12 1 3 11 10 9 9
26 10 10 11 11 12 11 3 2 11 10 9 9
27 10 11 10 12 12 12 0 1 11 10 9 9
28 9 9 10 12 13 12 1 11 11 10 9 9
29 10 11 11 12 4 7 2 11 10 9 9
30 10 10 12 13 13 3 10 10 10 4 9
31 9 11 12 0 4 10 9 0 9
Total 289 274 331 330 361 269 173 131 326 315 270 273
Average 9.3 9.8 10.7 11 11.6 8.7 5.6 4.2 10.9 10.2 8.7 8.8
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
Table 8A. Daily total values of effective sunshine hours (IB>850W/m2) at Bap, Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 2 5 3 2 0 0 0 3 6 0 5 1
2 4 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 2 4
3 4 4 7 4 2 0 0 0 6 0 2 5
4 5 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 3 1
5 2 4 5 3 0 0 0 0 6 5 3 4
6 0 5 4 0 0 2 0 0 6 2 5 4
7 3 5 5 2 0 0 0 0 6 3 6 0
8 5 4 5 0 1 0 0 0 6 0 1 0
9 6 4 2 0 0 1 0 0 6 1 3 3
10 3 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 2 2 0
11 6 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 7 3 0 2
12 5 6 4 3 0 0 0 0 7 1 3 1
13 6 7 1 1 1 1 0 0 7 3 0 2
14 6 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 5 6
15 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 5 2 4
16 4 5 2 2 0 0 0 0 7 1 1 1
17 5 8 0 5 0 0 0 0 7 1 0 2
18 5 3 5 4 0 0 0 0 7 1 0 3
19 3 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 0 0
20 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 5 0 2
21 5 2 5 1 0 2 0 0 7 4 0 3
22 6 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 2 3
23 2 7 0 3 0 0 0 0 7 6 0 1
24 6 8 5 0 1 0 0 0 6 3 3 0
25 4 5 4 0 0 3 0 0 7 2 3 5
26 5 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 7 2 1 1
27 4 7 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 6 1
28 4 5 0 2 3 1 0 0 7 3 3 0
29 6 5 1 0 0 0 0 7 5 4 0
30 6 6 3 3 0 0 0 7 1 0 2
31 5 4 2 0 0 0 5
Total 132 133 109 39 13 10 0 3 200 76 65 66
Average 4.3 4.8 3.5 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.1 6.7 2.5 2.2 2.1
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
Table 9A. Average day time daily values of ambient air temperature (oC) at Bap, Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 23.3 21.6 25.4 25.9 34.2 34.4 33.7 29.6 31.7 28.1 21.0 21.9
2 19.8 20.7 25.4 27.2 35.1 35.3 33.7 29.2 32.0 27.4 21.8 18.7
3 20.5 19.4 23.1 25.7 35.4 34.9 34.5 28.2 32.6 28.5 22.2 23.1
4 18.9 15.0 22.3 27.5 35.0 31.6 32.4 26.3 34.1 29.5 22.3 23.1
5 18.7 18.9 23.5 31.2 35.8 33.7 32.3 28.2 33.3 30.0 24.3 21.0
6 17.7 18.2 24.6 29.2 36.0 33.4 31.1 28.6 32.2 30.8 23.8 20.3
7 18.5 19.8 24.4 33.7 34.3 33.3 32.0 27.4 30.6 31.2 24.3 20.5
8 17.2 17.9 20.9 33.4 32.8 28.9 32.8 28.8 30.1 29.7 26.9 21.3
9 16.6 16.0 21.8 31.4 31.7 30.4 39.0 28.3 29.0 31.2 27.2 19.7
10 17.1 19.2 23.9 34.2 30.4 32.1 33.0 29.7 28.9 33.2 28.1 20.8
11 17.7 20.5 25.0 34.4 33.5 33.9 33.4 30.6 27.5 33.4 28.6 18.3
12 14.3 20.0 24.5 32.7 29.3 34.2 33.4 30.8 28.4 32.8 26.1 21.5
13 16.4 22.5 25.8 31.2 32.3 38.0 33.0 29.7 27.5 32.5 25.6 19.1
14 16.6 16.8 26.0 31.6 31.4 32.8 29.8 30.9 30.9 32.0 24.7 22.4
15 15.6 17.6 26.6 30.1 34.7 35.0 28.8 29.4 29.4 31.7 23.2 22.3
16 16.5 21.3 26.8 30.0 33.6 35.1 30.1 30.0 28.6 29.4 22.7 24.7
17 18.1 23.0 31.5 29.2 33.4 33.5 31.1 31.7 27.4 30.4 24.2 21.8
18 19.1 21.5 28.1 28.9 32.9 35.1 32.7 33.4 29.8 30.1 23.2 24.4
19 19.8 22.3 27.9 28.3 34.3 38.9 33.5 33.9 28.7 28.8 28.0 23.4
20 19.5 23.5 26.4 29.2 39.2 38.6 30.7 32.7 28.4 31.4 26.4 23.6
21 21.2 25.1 27.0 29.5 37.6 37.9 37.2 30.9 29.2 30.7 22.9 17.9
22 21.7 26.8 29.5 31.2 36.7 37.6 35.5 29.3 29.2 28.8 23.5 22.3
23 20.0 23.7 28.2 30.0 37.0 37.4 34.3 28.8 29.0 27.2 25.2 18.6
24 17.0 24.6 28.9 30.8 35.9 36.1 32.6 30.1 31.8 28.5 22.2 17.4
25 18.4 24.2 29.1 33.3 36.3 36.9 30.5 31.7 30.6 26.0 24.4 15.7
26 21.2 23.1 27.6 32.1 36.6 32.1 27.7 30.4 29.8 24.8 22.8 16.8
27 20.8 26.0 30.7 34.3 37.4 34.6 30.0 32.2 29.7 25.1 22.7 17.6
28 19.3 27.4 31.1 30.6 38.5 33.8 30.8 30.3 28.3 23.7 20.4 17.7
29 20.3 29.6 30.6 36.3 32.6 33.4 30.5 28.0 26.4 18.9 19.6
30 20.5 30.1 29.5 35.5 34.1 29.3 30.7 30.8 27.1 19.6 21.6
31 22.7 32.1 36.5 30.3 31.2 26.6 18.5 21.0
Average 18.9 21.3 26.7 30.6 34.8 34.5 32.3 30.1 29.9 29.3 23.7 20.6
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
Table 10A. Average daily values of wind speed (m/s) at Bap, Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 0.78 0.99 1.20 1.64 2.08 2.33 2.39 1.55 1.49 0.42 0.60 0.39
2 0.80 1.18 1.16 1.76 1.26 1.91 2.23 2.26 1.25 0.48 0.70 0.53
3 0.45 0.64 1.26 0.78 1.00 3.13 1.25 1.24 0.43 0.48 0.78 0.46
4 0.53 0.68 1.26 0.84 1.80 3.36 0.73 0.94 0.32 0.76 1.08 0.30
5 0.62 0.76 0.71 1.32 0.86 2.72 1.54 0.88 0.39 0.62 1.19 0.45
6 0.88 0.76 0.99 1.00 1.88 2.07 2.95 0.56 0.36 0.65 1.05 0.66
7 0.39 0.62 1.11 1.83 1.81 2.00 1.21 1.60 0.49 0.75 0.66 0.73
8 0.42 0.45 1.11 1.36 1.89 1.26 1.35 2.29 1.00 0.90 0.55 0.46
9 0.69 0.69 1.26 1.74 1.98 2.29 1.97 1.84 0.95 0.76 0.60 0.30
10 1.05 0.49 1.24 1.73 1.58 3.30 1.46 1.41 0.85 1.05 0.46 0.29
11 1.41 0.77 0.53 0.71 2.16 1.98 1.14 1.92 0.93 0.88 0.77 0.37
12 1.40 1.06 0.30 1.82 1.40 1.17 1.67 1.68 1.02 0.75 0.70 0.65
13 1.13 1.31 0.37 1.06 2.33 1.30 1.54 0.76 0.80 0.43 0.81 0.95
14 0.69 1.13 0.64 2.24 2.63 2.39 1.76 2.04 1.06 0.33 0.64 1.61
15 0.96 2.35 0.90 2.15 2.68 3.71 0.67 1.81 1.49 0.40 0.47 1.25
16 1.05 2.24 1.23 0.97 3.16 1.83 1.96 1.01 1.79 0.41 0.53 1.02
17 1.04 2.70 0.90 0.77 1.96 1.55 0.81 1.16 1.51 0.49 0.44 1.35
18 1.14 2.61 0.77 1.00 2.05 3.47 1.89 0.95 0.97 0.49 0.76 1.65
19 1.82 1.96 0.56 1.44 1.53 2.53 1.11 1.34 0.86 0.52 0.93 1.35
20 1.95 1.48 0.67 1.43 1.24 1.88 1.71 1.26 0.67 0.40 1.11 1.50
21 2.42 1.63 0.74 1.58 1.66 2.07 0.73 1.29 0.60 0.52 0.78 0.88
22 2.25 1.19 1.09 1.15 2.51 2.11 2.52 1.54 0.74 1.00 0.64 0.80
23 1.43 1.39 1.16 2.06 2.73 0.80 2.06 1.23 0.95 0.87 0.84 0.79
24 0.54 1.18 0.99 1.29 2.35 1.53 1.87 1.05 1.44 0.89 0.96 0.52
25 0.44 1.17 1.05 1.12 1.54 1.59 1.59 0.78 1.12 0.78 0.99 0.62
26 0.50 0.71 1.43 1.90 2.11 1.68 1.32 1.23 1.56 0.65 0.55 0.48
27 1.19 0.69 1.27 1.46 1.82 1.62 2.30 2.00 2.04 0.45 0.28 0.62
28 1.70 0.81 2.06 1.58 1.03 3.50 1.21 1.37 1.15 0.35 0.39 0.69
29 1.50 1.94 0.96 1.71 2.55 1.09 1.12 0.95 0.26 0.48 0.94
30 1.36 2.15 1.34 1.33 5.24 1.75 1.05 0.93 0.29 0.35 1.04
31 1.22 1.89 2.71 1.76 2.38 0.39 1.07
Average 1.09 1.20 1.10 1.40 1.90 2.30 1.60 1.40 1.00 0.59 0.70 0.80
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
Table 11A. Average daily values of Relative Humidity (%) values at Bap, Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 60 46 29 46 28 24 61 81 67 31 37 33
2 67 51 32 71 23 26 58 79 68 24 38 33
3 51 58 47 63 24 27 64 81 70 29 40 32
4 51 49 52 47 37 28 73 80 67 46 38 33
5 54 45 51 38 48 31 74 78 64 63 35 32
6 59 47 41 34 42 36 73 67 67 69 50 46
7 74 41 34 36 33 41 71 58 64 61 70 24
8 59 42 24 49 40 45 67 59 60 43 69 26
9 54 42 36 43 38 49 64 60 59 46 61 31
10 41 44 34 36 34 57 64 60 55 42 59 29
11 44 43 24 28 31 56 66 61 62 38 52 52
12 30 44 23 27 29 55 69 62 60 38 57 56
13 43 60 28 38 36 58 72 77 55 27 62 58
14 42 69 25 27 36 55 65 79 59 21 59 47
15 46 76 20 23 39 52 63 71 57 22 59 41
16 56 64 25 20 35 51 63 84 60 27 55 39
17 50 59 28 22 33 52 63 81 59 23 65 34
18 54 45 39 29 42 54 67 84 59 23 62 29
19 42 46 34 32 44 56 66 78 56 33 49 27
20 40 52 41 32 39 55 63 82 49 33 51 26
21 44 56 47 26 21 52 61 84 45 34 48 24
22 46 55 51 20 14 53 60 77 50 31 44 26
23 52 50 40 20 20 51 59 74 56 27 40 26
24 49 49 43 26 30 48 60 78 53 38 36 36
25 46 41 30 32 54 53 59 74 50 34 36 60
26 65 44 30 25 58 48 58 72 49 32 40 37
27 65 37 33 30 58 56 73 71 43 32 40 50
28 52 40 25 36 64 55 78 67 47 32 38 45
29 52 30 36 62 55 78 65 38 34 53 43
30 50 37 34 65 56 72 63 44 35 47 37
31 57 33 65 69 73 28 40
Average 51 50 34 34 39 48 66 73 56 35 50 37
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
Table 12A. Average daily values of visibility (km) values at Bap, Jodhpur
Days Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 1.9 2.8 3.7 4.0 4.0 2.9 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.0 2.0 4.0
2 1.9 2.9 4.0 3.6 4.0 2.5 3.1 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0
3 2.0 2.8 3.5 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.2 4.0
4 2.0 2.7 3.5 4.0 3.1 3.1 6.0 4.0 3.4 4.0 3.2 4.0
5 2.0 2.4 2.8 4.0 4.0 2.5 5.6 5.5 3.3 4.0 2.2 4.0
6 2.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 2.5 2.3 3.9 3.7 3.4 4.0 2.8 4.0
7 1.7 2.9 4.0 4.0 3.5 1.9 3.3 4.0 3.7 4.0 2.0 4.0
8 1.9 4.0 6.2 3.4 1.3 2.2 3.6 2.3 4.0 4.0 2.2 4.0
9 2.2 3.1 4.0 1.5 4.9 2.3 2.2 6.2 4.0 4.0 1.6 4.0
10 2.3 3.2 4.0 1.8 5.5 2.7 2.5 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.0
11 2.2 4.2 6.2 2.4 6.2 3.2 2.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.4
12 2.3 3.5 4.7 1.9 4.2 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.0
13 2.0 3.0 4.0 1.9 3.2 2.5 4.3 3.7 3.7 4.0 2.9 4.0
14 2.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 2.4 2.1 2.5 3.3 3.9 4.0 5.1 4.0
15 1.9 3.3 4.8 3.7 3.2 2.1 2.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.4 4.0
16 2.0 3.7 5.5 4.0 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.5 4.0
17 2.0 3.0 4.0 3.8 2.7 2.1 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.3 4.0
18 2.0 4.1 6.2 3.9 2.1 2.6 2.8 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.7 4.0
19 2.0 3.8 5.5 3.8 5.0 3.5 3.0 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.2 4.0
20 2.0 3.4 4.7 3.7 3.4 2.5 2.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 4.0
21 2.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.8 2.3 2.4 3.8 4.0 4.0 2.7 4.0
22 2.0 3.0 4.0 3.8 6.2 2.2 2.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.0
23 2.0 4.1 6.2 2.5 3.3 2.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.0
24 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 2.2 2.7 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.5 4.0
25 2.0 4.2 6.4 3.7 2.4 1.9 4.0 3.2 4.0 4.0 3.3 4.0
26 2.0 4.1 6.2 3.8 2.6 1.9 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.0
27 1.7 3.9 6.2 3.5 2.2 1.0 8.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.6 3.9
28 1.9 3.2 4.5 3.4 2.4 0.6 3.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.7
29 2.0 2.6 3.8 2.8 0.7 6.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.8 4.0
30 2.0 5.7 2.1 2.7 1.8 4.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0
31 2.0 6.7 3.9 4.8 4.0 4.0 4.0
Average 2 3 5 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 3 4
(Source: TERI analysis using TRNSYS software and METEONORM Database)
20 mt.
250 mt.
HT Substation
and
1 MW solar Transmission
200 mt. power plant Station
350 mt.
20 mt.
30 mt.
General
facility Zone
Assumptions
Table 1: Assumptions and Financials of the Project
1 Project Specifications
Solar Dish
1.1 Name of the project Unit Stirling
1.2 Country where the project is situated India
1.3 Project Capacity KW 10,000
MW 10
2 Generation and sale of energy
2.1 Annual power generation from the Lacs kWhr 222.7
2.2 Plant Load Factor Percent 25.42%
2.3 Maximum field Losses Percent 4.0%
2.3 Net power generated Lacs kWhr 213.79
2.4 Net power sold 213.79
2.5 Tariff Required (levelised for 25 Rs/kWhr 19.0
Escalation in selling rate from 20th to
2.6 25th year Rs/kWhr 10.00
2.7 Annual Degration in efficiency (%) % 0.5%
Operation and maintenance(incl
3 insurance) Rs lacs/Year 287.50
O& M Per year per centage of
3.1 Project cost % 1.25%
3.2 Annual Escalation percentage 5.00%
4 Long term loan
4.1 The interest rate Percent 12.50%
7 Depreciation
7.1 Plant life assumed for working of Year 25
7.2 Salvage value % 10
7.3 Rate of Depreciation (1st 12 years) % 5.28%
7.4 Rate of Depreciation (From 13th years) % 2.05%
8 Financial Parameters
8.1 Debt / equity ratio Debt 70% Equity 30%
8.2 Equity Rs. Lacs 6,900.00
8.3 Long Term loan Rs. Lacs 16,100.00
8.4 Total cost Rs. Lacs 23,000.00
8.5 Cost Per MW Rs. Lacs 2,300.000
8.6 Income tax holiday Years 10.00
8.7 Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) 10.00% Surcharge 10.00% Edu. Cess 3%Percent 11.33%
8.8 Income tax rate after 11th year 30% Surcharge 10.00% Edu.Cess 3% Percent 33.99%
8.9 Project Cost Rs in Lacs 23,000
9 Results Financial Parameters
9.1 ROE Percent 16.0%
9.2 Discounting Rate % 10.50
Levelized cost of generation
9.3 (Tariff)(25 years basis) Rs per kWhr 19.03
month of commissioning ph-2 in
Financial Year 5
month of commissioning ph-1 in
Financial Year 6
Net Annual expences in case CDM Benefit availed 237.13 2,950.77 4,617.08 4,479.15 4,342.01 4,205.71 4,070.28 3,935.78 3,802.25 3,669.73 3,581.70 3,842.14 3,642.22
Levelised Tariff with CDM Benefit availed 18.73
FY-23 FY-24 FY-25 FY-26 FY-27 FY-28 FY-29 FY-30 FY-31 FY-32 FY-33 FY-34 FY-35
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
20.03 19.93 19.83 19.73 19.63 19.53 19.44 19.34 19.24 19.15 19.05 18.96
181.18 180.27 179.37 178.48 177.58 176.70 175.81 174.93 174.06 173.19 172.32 171.46 170.60
201.21 200.20 199.20 198.21 197.22 196.23 195.25 194.27 193.30 192.34 191.37 190.42 170.60
292.93 289.80 286.81 285.38 287.09 290.56 294.20 298.02 302.03 306.24 310.67 315.31
2,654.25 2,624.82 2,596.62 2,569.69 2,562.60 2,583.85 2,615.04 2,647.79 2,682.18 2,718.29 2,756.20 2,796.01 2,837.81
2,947.18 2,914.62 2,883.42 2,855.07 2,849.70 2,874.41 2,909.24 2,945.81 2,984.21 3,024.53 3,066.87 3,111.32 2,837.81
14.65 14.56 14.47 14.40 14.45 14.65 14.90 15.16 15.44 15.73 16.03 16.34 16.63
0.247 0.224 0.202 0.183 0.166 0.150 0.136 0.123 0.111 0.101 0.091 0.082 0.075
3.62 3.26 2.93 2.64 2.40 2.20 2.02 1.86 1.72 1.58 1.46 1.35 1.24
2,886.82 2,854.56 2,823.66 2,795.61 2,790.53 2,815.55 2,850.67 2,887.53 2,926.22 2,966.83 3,009.46 3,054.20 2,786.63