NATIONAL FRAMEWORK ON HOUSING NEEDS

I. INTRODUCTION/RATIONALE
In order to ensure security of shelter for the Filipino family and
provide afordable and decent housing, especially for the poor, the
2005-2010 Medium-erm !hilippine "evelopment !lan #M!"!$ cites
three #%$ &ey challenges for the housing construction sector' hese
challenges are( #i$ meeting the rapidly gro)ing housing need* #ii$
e+panding participation of private sector in sociali,ed housing
-nancing and construction* and #iii$ strengthening capacity of
housing institutions'
.overnment and private sector can conceive of )ell-thought
strategies and convergent action plan in addressing these
challenges' Its success, ho)ever, largely depends on the reliability
of e+isting housing statistics and appropriateness of frame)or& to
guide estimation procedure'
he /tatistical 0esearch and raining 1enter #/01$, as the
research and training arm of the !hilippine /tatistical /ystem, in
collaboration )ith 2ousing and 3rban "evelopment and
1oordinating 1ouncil #23"11$, conducts a research pro4ect entitled
52ousing 6ac&log /tudy7 under the 5"evelopment of /helter
Monitoring Information /ystem #"/MI/$'7 )o of the e+pected
outputs in this pro4ect are( #i$ revie) of the frame)or& on housing
needs vis-8-vis bac&log and #ii$ ma&e recommendations of an
alternative frame)or& of housing needs )ithin the purvie) of
M!"!' From the recommended frame)or&, better estimates of
housing needs vis-8-vis bac&log can be generated'
II. EXPECTED OUTPUT AND SCOPE OF WORK
he series of consultations involving participation of inter-
agencies, both from the government and private sectors, resulted in
an 5Improved Frame)or& of 2ousing 9eeds'7 It should be
emphasi,ed that this study is not limited to the 5bac&log7 as a
component of the 2ousing 9eeds but includes all other components
that go into the estimation process of housing needs and target
setting'
he revie) loo&s into ho) the estimates on housing )as
derived, evaluate the statistics used, including the sources, and
)hether or not these adhered closely to the prescribed 3nited
9ation:s component method of estimating housing needs in all the
!lan periods' 6ased on this revie), some recommendations to
improve the estimation process may be formulated' 1oncepts and
de-nition of terms may be -rmed up so that these cannot be
misinterpreted'
he rest of the ob4ectives )ill be reali,ed once the frame)or&
is developed' /hould the 3'9' component method be adopted still,
other alternative methods of estimation )ill be pursued' hese
alternatives may be used or replace the present method for
validation purposes or estimation of housing needs during
intercensal periods' he 1ensus of !opulation and 2ousing #1!2$,
)here benchmar& data on housing stoc& and other housing
characteristics are gathered, is conducted only every 10 years, in
years ending in ,ero' he last census )as conducted in 2000 and
the ne+t is scheduled to start in May 2010'
2
III. REVIEW OF LEGISLATIONS AND STRATEGIC PLANS ON
HOUSING
A. Important L!"#$at"on# on Ho%#"n!
here are helpful legislations that can be cited as bases for
planning and setting up housing targets for construction, slum
upgrading, housing -nance and other housing assistance' hese
information, useful to the !hilippine /tatistical /ystem #!//$ in
responding to the statistical needs of the housing sector, are the
follo)ing(
1' ;+ecutive <rder 9o' =0 issued in "ecember 1=>? by !resident
@Auino, sets up the mechanism for the implementation of the
si+-year 9ational /helter !rogram #9/!$' he ;<(
a' 1reated the 2ousing and 3rban "evelopment
1oordinating 1ouncil #23"11$*
b' "e-ned the functions of other housing agencies*
c' 0enamed a fe) of the agencies *
d' Mandated 23"11 to(
Formulate goals and strategies in housing
Monitor housing targets
;ncourage public sector participation*
propose ne) legislation
Formulate policies for asset disposition* and
;+ercise such other po)ers and functions
necessary for the attainment of its purpose and
ob4ectives particularly in ensuring the implementation
of 9/!'
2' ;+ecutive <rder 9o' %5B issued on May 2C, 1=>=, strengthens
the coordinating mechanism of the 9/! by allo)ing 23"11(
a' he po)er to e+ercise overall administrative supervision
over the &ey housing agencies sub4ect to the control and
supervision of the !resident of the !hilippines*
b' he responsibility of meeting the targets and ob4ectives
of the housing sector*
c' o revie) the organi,ation, programs and pro4ects of the
&ey housing agencies and adopt measures to improve
coordination and integration of activities among them*
d' o adopt measures to decentrali,e its operation and
those of &ey housing agencies to attain eAuitable regional
distribution of housing bene-ts* and
e' o enlist the assistance of the "epartment of 6udget
and Management #"6M$ in securing funding support for
the 9/!'

%' 0epublic @ct B2B=, 3rban "evelopment and 2ousing @ct of
1==2 #3"2@$, lays do)n the ground)or& for a comprehensive
and continuing urban development and housing program' he
la)(
a' @dopted sociali,ed housing as a primary strategy for
shelter provision*
b' Mandated the registration of sociali,ed housing
bene-ciaries*
%
c' Mandated developers to improve areas for sociali,ed
housing eAuivalent to 20 percent of the total subdivision
area or total subdivision pro4ect cost through any of the
follo)ing(
/lum upgrading or rene)al of an
area for priority development #@!"$*
Doint venture pro4ects )ith E.3s
or any of the &ey housing agencies in order to attain
an eAuitable regional distribution of housing bene-ts*
and
!articipation in the 1ommunity
Mortgage !rogram #1M!$'
d' .ave E.3s the responsibility to implement 0@ B2B=
)ithin their respective localities'
&. R'"( o) E#t"mat# o) Ho%#"n! N*# an* Ho%#"n!
&a+,$o!# "n t- MTPDP
he revie) on the frame)or& on 52ousing 6ac&log7 shall be
done )ithin the purvie) of the Medium-erm !hilippine "evelopment
!lan #M!"!$ 200C-2010 and the !hilippine /tatistical "evelopment
!lan #!/"!$ 2005-2010' 2o)ever, there is a need to revie) the
diferent estimates on housing needs, bac&logs, targets and
accomplishments involving several planning periods' he revie) )ill
determine )hether there is a problem in the estimation process' he
revie) )ill include terms used in the housing sector, corresponding
concepts and de-nitions used in the !lans for reconciliation or
lin&ing to the e+isting database of the !//'
1' !lan !eriod 1=>B-1==2
In the overvie) of this planning period, the housing problem of
the country is t)ofold( -rst is the problem of Auantity, i'e', the need
for ne) housing stoc& for natural population and household gro)th*
and second is the problem of Auality, i'e', the need to upgrade
e+isting stoc& of ma&eshift and light material housing'
he housing need for the !lan period 1=>B-1==2 )as
estimated at %'%B? million d)elling units for the country' Fifty-three
percent #5%F$ or 1'B?> million are needed in rural areas and CB
percent or 1'?0> million are in urban areas' <f the urban area
housing needs, 5?B,000 or %5'% percent are located in 910 and
1'0%2 million in other urban areas'
he housing problem )as perceived to be more critical in the
urban areas due mainly to in-migration and bac&log in housing
construction' hus, the housing program focused on the needs of
the urban clientele' he bene-ciaries of the housing program )ere
classi-ed into four categories based on income, such as(
a' Eo)est %0 percent of families in the
income ladder having little or no access to formal
-nancing system and afordability level )as !1B5 per
month for housing e+penses*
b' 3pper lo)er income families belonging
to the ne+t 20 percent decile and can aford !%=2
monthly amorti,ation*
C
c' Middle %0 percent of families in the
income decile that can generally aford !>>C for housing
e+penses* and,
d' 3pper 20 percent of families in the
income decile that can aford !%,20C monthly
amorti,ation'
For the period 1=>B-1==2, the government pro4ected the
construction of ?2?,>B0 d)elling units representing %= percent of
total urban housing need' @ssistance )as sourced from the
combined allocations of !@.-I6I. Fund, ./I/, ///, budgetary
allocation and e+ternal funding support' 910 has a share of 2CC,000
constructed units, eAuivalent to C2 percent of the region:s housing
target for construction' he pro4ected cost of the housing units to be
constructed for the si+-year period )as !%0 billion'
1onceptsG"e-nitions of erms
a' 1omponents of 2ousing 9eeds as
used in the !lan
Future needs of ne) households due to(
a$ Increase in populationGhousehold attributed to
ne) formation and in-migration
b$ 0eplacement of e+isting stoc& attributed to
age and deterioration
6ac&log consists of(
a$ "oubled-up households
b$ /ubstandard d)elling units
c$ 0eAuired slum upgrading
d$ 2omeless
b' 2ousing needs comprised of bac&log and the future
needs'
c' 6ac&log consists of t)o ma4or components( #i$ the
reduction of doubled-up households and substandard
d)elling units, and urgently reAuired slum upgrading* and
#ii$ the provisions of sites and services for marginal
income families'
d' Future needs include demand for ne) houses due to
ne) household formation and rural to urban in-migration
and replacement of e+isting stoc& due to age and
deterioration'
e' Indicators of Auality as basis in the provision of services
are electricity, )ater and sanitation particularly in urban
areas #presence of toilet is an indicator of sanitation$'
f' 3rban and rural areas as used in the !lan refer to the
de-nition of 9/<'
g' Family Income "ecile is not de-ned in the !lan but
understood to have been ta&en from 9/<'
h' 2ousing e+penses may also refer to items in the Family
Income and ;+penditures /urvey'
i' @fordability )as de-ned in terms of housing e+penses
by decile groups
1
as follo)s(
!1B5 per month housing e+penses of those in the
lo)est %0 percent of families in the income ladder
1
he above data are only available from results of Family Income and
;+penditures /urvey of 9/< )hich is conducted every % years since 1=>5'
5
!%=2 per month housing e+penses of those in the
C
th
and 5
th
deciles of families in the income ladder
!>>C per month housing e+penses of those
belonging to the ?
th
to >
th
income decile of families in
the income ladder
!%20C per month housing e+penses of those
belonging to the =th and 10th income decile of
families in the income ladder
4' ")elling units - it is presumed that 9/< de-nition )as
used because the data )as ta&en from it' @ d)elling unit
is also eAuivalent to living Auarters' 2o)ever, d)elling
units referred to in the pro4ected units for construction
refer to houses not in accordance )ith the de-nition of
9/< as gathered in the 1!2'
&' 2ousing units H de-nition used should be clari-ed since
9/< and the housing sector may not de-ne this term on
the same level'
l' enure of d)elling units Ha standard de-nition and
classi-cation is found in the 1ensus' In the housing
industry, it may refer to the house, li&e tenure of house
and tenure of lots for single detached residential building'
In the 1ensus, )e can classify the type of building of a
d)elling unit )hether it is single, duple+, accessoria,
apartment or condominium H and compare it )ith single-
detached housing units constructed in subdivisions'
m' 9atural population and household gro)th H here is also
a standard de-nition for 1!2
2' !lan !eriod 1==%-1==>
For 1==%-1==>, the 23"11 approved the 9ational
"evelopment and 2ousing Frame)or& In March 1==%' he
frame)or& reiterated the policy thrusts and strategies for shelter
and urban development and directed that ?5 percent of the housing
assistance be given to the lo)est 50 percent of the population' he
9/! is not 4ust one program but a set of programs implemented by
diferent agencies' he 9/! pursuant to ;< =0, identi-ed areas of
concern that focused on the follo)ing program thrusts(
a' .overnment assistance for families )ithin the poverty
line*
b' "evelopment of a comprehensive program for sAuatter
settlement*
c' ;ncouragement of ma+imum private sector
participation* and
d' ;nhancement of e+isting housing -nance delivery
system'
From 1==% to 1==>, housing needs or de-ciency in housing
)as estimated at a total of %'B2C million housing units, )ith 2'>5%
million units for future housing needs and >B%,000 units of bac&log'
he 9/!, during this period, originally targeted assistance of 1'2C
million households or roughly %% percent of housing needs' he
-gure )as later clari-ed to be 1'2C million units of housing
assistance, a contact-based measure eAuivalent to assistance
e+tended to >>=,50C households' From Danuary 1==%-/eptember
1==>, the 9/! provided 1,%5B,025 units of housing assistance to
?
?2%,05% households' @gainst an aggregate target, this translated to
an accomplishment rate of 10='C? percent and B1'%B percent,
respectively' 2o)ever, only 2>1,CC% households )ere classi-ed
under the sociali,ed housing program'
<n "ecember 1?, 1==C, the Comprehensive and
Integrated Shelter Financing Act #1I/F@$ )as signed into la) to
provide sustained funding to the 9/!' It is aimed at(
a' !roviding sustained funding to the 9/! through
increased annual appropriations*
b' /trengthening the -nancial capability of the housing
institutions and efecting more eIcient housing delivery*
and,
c' ;ncouraging private sector funds into the mainstream of
housing -nance'
Jey 2ousing @gencies and heir Functions
a' 9ational 2ousing @uthority #92@$ H government agency
mandated to produce shelter for lo) and marginal
income groups focusing on housing afordable to these
bene-ciaries, slum upgrading or on-site development,
provision of ne) sites and services and resettlement
pro4ects*
b' 9ational 2ome Mortgage Finance 1orporation #92MF1$ H
main implementing agency of the 3ni-ed 2ome Eending
!rogram #32E!$ )hich operates a viable home mortgage
mar&et utili,ing long term funds principally provided by
the ///, ./I/ and 2"MF funding agencies to purchase
mortgages originated by both private and public
institutions based on government approved guidelines'
c' 2ome Insurance .uaranty 1orporation #2I.1$ H the
guaranty and credit insurance arm to mobili,e private
sector funds' It provides incentives for greater private
sector participation in both housing production and
-nance' It ma&es provision of insurance and guarantees
)hich ma&e the ban& loans to both the developers and
buyers ris& free'
d' 2ousing and Eand 3se 0egulatory 6oard #2E306$ H the
sole regulatory body for housing and land development'
It is mandated to implement liberali,ed housing
standards to ma&e shelter afordable )ith the amended
6atas !ambansa 6lg' 220 for sociali,ed housing and more
comprehensive to cover the entire range of the 32E!'
/ome dimensions of !hilippine 2ousing 9eeds in 1==0 based
on the 1==0 1!2 )ere incorporated in the !lan categori,ed into
3rban, 0ural and 910' he data presented )ere on( household
population, households, replacement of housing stoc&, doubled-up
households, substandard housing, land tenure, tenure of d)elling
unit, percent of households )ithout electricity, )ater system and
toilet facilities'
"e-nitions of ermsG1oncepts 3sed
a' /ociali,ed housing refers to housing units valued at
!1>0,000 and belo)' his has been updated to !C00,000'
B
b' 1ontact-based measure means if one household
receives, say, production assistance from 92@, -nancing
from 92MF1, and a credit guarantee #indirectly$ from
2I.1, then three units of housing assistance )ill be
recorded, rather than assistance to one household'
c' 3nits of housing assistance is diferent from housing
units
d' 2ousing units H presumed to be houses
e' 2ousehold population as de-ned by 9/< in the 1!2
f' 2ousehold as de-ned by 9/< in the 1!2
g' /ubstandard housing H has to be clearly de-ned
h' @nnual !opulation gro)th H as de-ned in the 1!2
i' @nnual replacement rate H based on 39 standard of 2
percent annually'
4' "oubled-up households H as de-ned in the 1!2 )here
t)o or more households live in d)elling units intended for
one householdGfamily
&' !ercent households )ith Eand o)ned H computed from
the 1!2
l' !ercent households )ith Eand rented H computed from
the 1!2
m' !ercent households )ith no land tenure H there is no
category as 5no land tenure7 in the 1!2 although there is
5<ther forms of tenure as a classi-cation'
n' <)ner-occupied d)elling unit H 1!2 de-nition
o' 9on-o)ner occupied d)elling unit H 1!2 de-nition
p' he term ")elling 3nit needs clari-cation if the housing
sector de-nes this term diferently as used in 1!2
A' !ercent households )ith electricity, )ater and toilet H as
de-ned in 1!2
r' 3rbanGrural as de-ned by 9/<
%' !lan !eriod 1===-200C
he housing need in 2001-200C )as estimated at %'? million
but only 1'2 million units of housing assistance on shelter units #i'e'
a house, house and lot, or lot only$ )ere targeted for
accomplishment'
2
@gainst a target of 1'2 million units of housing
assistance or shelter security units the actual accomplishments
)ere >>2,>2% units for a period of %'5 years' he !lan !eriod is
supposed to be from 1===-200C but )hat )as presented as actual
accomplishment in M!"! 200C-2010 involved only those from
2001 to Dune 200C, as sho)n belo)'

HOUSING TARGETS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS. /0012/0034
Ho%#"n! Pa+,a!
Tar!t
Ho%#-o$
*#
/0012
/003
A+t%a$ A++omp$"#-mnt#
/001 /00/ /005 /0034
/0012
/003
/ociali,ed
#K!h!225,000$
>>0,000
20B,=C
0
11>,=>
B
>C,B1? >1,>5%
C=%,C=
?
Eo) 1ost
#!225,000-!h!2M$
%20,000
5C,CC
B
BC,%0?
11C,50
B
1C?,0?
B
%>=,%2
B
Tota$
16/0060
00
/7/658
9
1:56/:
5
1::6//
5
//96:/
0
88/68/
5
2
1hapter C, 2ousing 1onstruction of the M!"! 200C-2010
>
/ource( 2ousing and 3rban "evelopment 1oordinating 1ouncil #23"11$
L Figures as of Dune 200C
It is noted, ho)ever, that in the M!"! for /helter 1===-200C,
)hich contains the blueprint for shelter and urban development for
the period, the presentation of housing needs and targets )as
entirely diferent from the previous format of 9/!' Mhat )as
programmed for the !lan period 1===-200C )as 161906598 %n"t#
housing assistance eAuivalent to 50=,%0% d)elling units'
he !lan targets for 1===-200C )hich are tagged as 5!riority
/ubsector @ctivities #for production only$ are the follo)ing(
Pr"or"t; A+t"'"t;
A!n+;
Tar!t# 1::: 2/003
No. o)
Ho%#-o$*#
No. o)
Ho%#"n!
A##"#tan+
1.1 So+"a$"<* Ho%#"n!
a' Mortgage Financing
L /ettlement
"evelopment
- 0esettlement
- 9ational
.overnment 1enter
L 1ommunity
Mortgage !rograms
- MMp, 1M! <riginal
- 1M!
LM06, other
production
L0etail Eending
b' 2ousing @ssistance
Fund
c' .uarantees
L 0etail .uarantees
#20F$
L "evelopment
.uarantees 50F$
L @J!F-1F.
S%=2tota$
92@
23"11
92@
92MF1
92@
2"MF
23"11
2I.1
2I.1
2I.1
=0,000
CB,1=0
-
252,100
-
>C,500
-
%5,51%
-
-
>0:6505
?7>.1:@A
=0,000
CB,1=0
-
252,100
1%0,000
>C,500
C0=,?00
%5,51%
?%,=B?
1B,500
161906598
1./ E+onom"+ Ho%#"n!
L 0etail Eending
L 0etail .uarantee
#55F$
S%=2tota$
2"MF
2I.1
12=,>5=
=B,??0
//96>1:
?/:.1/ @A
12=,>5=
=B,??0
//96>
1:
1.5 Ot-r#
L 0etail Eending
L 0etail .uarantees
#25F$
L "evelopment
.uarantees #50F$
S%=2tota$
2"MF
2I.1
2I.1
-
CC,%=1
-
3365:1
?>.78@A
-
CC,%=1
?%,=B?
1086577
Tota$ )or Pro*%+t"on 9816/
1/
16>076
/75
/ource of basic data( Medium-erm !hilippine "evelopment !lan for /helter
#1===-200C$
he use of the term 5housing units7 as the unit of reporting
housing needs should be adeAuately de-ned in the !lan so that
there is no misinterpretation )hen targets for accomplishments are
=
to be made' In the above priority activity, targeted )ere units of
housing assistance for sociali,ed housing eAuivalent to the
estimated bac&log of housing units' 2o)ever, the estimated
bac&logs may not necessarily be in terms of units of housing
assistance but d)elling units that need to be programmed for
construction'

C' !lan !eriod 2005-2010
For !lan !eriod 2005-2010, the housing need )as estimated at
%,B5?,0B2 housing units, of )hich =>C,C?? or 2?'2 percent of the
total housing need are classi-ed as housing bac&log, 1>?,%CC
substandard units or about 5 percent for upgrading, and the rest,
numbering 2,5>5,2B2 or ?>'> percent are housing units for ne)
households'
he composition of the housing need in this plan period is
diferent from the other plan periods' It consists of 2ousing 6ac&log,
/ubstandard #3pgrading$ and 9e) 2ouseholds' 2ousing 6ac&log is
composed of doubled-up housing, replacement andGor Informal
/ettlers and 2omeless' @ll the terms used in the estimation of
housing need )ere not de-ned in the !lan document' he housing
need for 2005-2010 is sho)n belo)'
HOUSING NEED. /00>2/010
Cat!or; Tota$
2ousing 6ac&log :836377
- "oubled-3p 2ousing %>B,%15
- 0eplacementGInformal
/ettlers
5>>,>5%
- 2omeless >,2=>
S%=#tan*ar*
?Up!ra*"n!A
1876553
N( Ho%#-o$*# /6>8>6/9/
Tota$ 569>7609/
/ource( 23"11
he housing need at the national level )as further
disaggregated by region, ho)ever, the detailed components )ere
not sho)n in the regional brea&do)n belo)(
HOUSING NEED PER REGION. /00>2/010
R!"o
n
Ann%
a$
&a+,$
o!
C%m%$at"' &a+,$o! an* N( Ho%#-o$*#
/00> /007 /009 /008 /00: /010 Tota$
910
5>,C1
2
>2,1>
2
>2,C%
C
>2,?>
=
>2,=C
?
>%,20
?
>%,C?
=
C=?,=2
>
1@0 1,%0= ?,C=C ?,5>= ?,?>5 ?,B>% ?,>>2 ?,=>C C0,C1?
I 5,55?
25,02
B
25,CC
?
25,>B
C
2?,%1
0
2?,B5
B
2B,21
2
15?,?2
?
II C,0B>
1B,B2
5
1>,0%
2
1>,%C
?
1>,??
B
1>,==
5
1=,%%
0
111,0=
C
III
12,5?
=
B1,=%
>
B%,>%
B
B5,B=
>
BB,>2
1
B=,=0
=
>2,0?
C
C?1,%?
>
IN
2%,>2
B
12B,>
B2
1%1,B
C2
1%5,B
5B
1%=,=
20
1CC,2
%=
1C>,B
1>
>2>,2C
>
N
12,2?
B
2>,2>
>
2>,2>
>
2>,>%
0
2=,10
=
2=,%=
2
2=,?B
=
1B%,>5
5
10
NI
1?,>1
?
%?,=C
1
%B,25
5
%B,5B
C
%B,>=
>
%>,22
B
%>,5?
1
22?,C5
5
NII
10,5B
>
C5,>>
0
C?,>?
5
CB,>B
B
C>,=1
>
C=,=>
>
51,0>
B
2=0,?1
?
NIII B,2>1
1>,B?
?
1>,=C
0
1=,11
?
1=,2=
C
1=,CB
?
1=,??
0
115,25
2
IO B,?C2
21,>2
C
22,1%
%
22,CC
=
22,BB
2
2%,10
1
2%,C%
>
1%5,B1
B
O 5,=12
1>,>>
0
1=,1?
C
1=,C5
5
1=,B5
1
20,05
C
20,%?
C
11B,??
>
OI
11,15
>
C1,=2
2
C2,B2
2
C%,5C
2
CC,%>
C
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1>,2B
0
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1
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>
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=
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1:>61
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09/
/ource( 23"11
In the !lan document, the @nnual 6ac&log term )as also not
e+plained, thus the 1=5,1%% -gure may be obscured' he total
national housing bac&log as reported in the 2005-2010 !lan is
=>C,C?? units' If )e )ill multiply the annual bac&log by ?
#considering that the span of the !lan is si+ years$ )e )ill obtain
1,1B0,B=>, a diference of 1>?,%%2 units' It can be deduced from the
national data that the housing bac&log annual target included the
5/ubstandard7 units for upgrading distributed in the diferent
regions' hus, it is really important to &no) the de-nition of the
terms used to leave no room for misinterpretation'
For the plan period, the housing sector targets to pursue the
provision of housing for a total target of 1,1C5,??> households or
housing units #)ith assumption that there is one household in one
housing unit$ valued at !21B'0C billion )ith a ?> percent to %2
percent ratio in favor of sociali,ed housing' his target is a "irect
2ousing !rovision based program of the government, a combination
of housing units constructed and housing supportGservices'
C. R'"( o) t- P-"$"pp"n Stat"#t"+a$ D'$opmnt P$an
/00>2/010
he follo)ing table sho)s the detailed /tatistical Frame)or&
as contained in the !hilippine /tatistical "evelopment !lan 2005-
2010' his frame)or& shall be used as the basic reference in the
formulation of an improved frame)or& on 2ousing 6ac&log'
DETAILED STATISTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR HOUSING. PSDP /00>2
/010
Componnt
#
K; "n*"+ator# So%r+
FrB%n
+;
D"##m"nat"
on
Ho%#"n! #to+,
2ousing
structure si,e
2ousing
1' @deAuacy inde+ of
housing units
2' 0atio of net
addition to housing
9/<
#1!2,
1!6I$
23"11
1ensus
year
!3F,
publicatio
n, 1"s
11
Componnt
#
K; "n*"+ator# So%r+
FrB%n
+;
D"##m"nat"
on
occupancy
2ousing
status
6asic
amenities
stoc& to housing
demand
%' 9umber of
households by
income group and
tenure status in
housing unit
#/helter
Monitorin
g /ystem$
Ho%#"n! *man*#/n*#
2ousing
construction
1' !roportion of
households )ithout
access to secure
tenure #slum
population as
percent of urban$
M".
9/<
#1!2,1!6I
$* 92@
#<ccupati
onal
Income
/tudy for
2ousing$
1ensus
Pear
2ousehold
si,e
2ousing
density
1' 9o' of non-o)ner
households
2' !roportion of
households living in
d)elling units
made of durable
materials
%' Eevel and gro)th
rate of gross value
added in residential
construction
C' 0etail price inde+
of construction
materials
5' 9umber of ne)
housing
centersGcommuniti
es outside 910
?' 9umber of informal
settlers provided
)ith shelter
security
2"MF
#/urvey of
!ag-I6I.
Members$
, 23"11
#/helter
Monitorin
g /ystem$
Ho%#"n! pro*%+t"on
2ousing units
/ites and
services
/lums
upgradingG
resettlement
1ommunity
self-help

1' .ross value added
in residential
construction
2' "istribution of ne)
residential building
construction by
type of building
%' !roportion of total
informal settlers
resettled
C' !roportion of slum
households served
by urban rene)alG
redevelopment
schemes
9/16
#!/9@$
9/< #1!6I
1onstructi
on
statistics$
23"11
#/helter
Monitoring
/ystem
Ho%#"n! Cnan+
2ousing
construction
Eoan
availmentsG
1' 9o' of residential
unit construction
-nanced or
administered by
the government
9/<
#1!6I$,
2"MF
#!ag- I6I.
members$
12
Componnt
#
K; "n*"+ator# So%r+
FrB%n
+;
D"##m"nat"
on
releases 2' Nolume of
mortgage ta&e-outs
or purchases
2I.1
#0etail and
"evelop-
mental
.uaranty
<peration*
23"11
Ho%#"n! Dpn*"t%r
1ost of
housing
maintenanceG
improvement,
repair,
renovation,
etc'
0ent, interest
and
amorti,ation
1' 1ost of housing
maintenanceG
improvementG
repairGrenovation,
etc'
2' Nalue of shelter
security units
%' 0eal estate price
inde+
9/<
#FI;/$
23"11
#/helter
Monitorin
g /ystem
% years
@nnual
Ho%#"n! r!%$at"on
!ublic
utilitiesG
amenities
/ubdivision
planning
1' 9o' of residential
pro4ects covered by
licenses to sell
9/<
#6uilding
!ermit*
23"11
#/helter
Monitorin
g$
IV. REVIEW OF ESTIMATION PROCEDURE
A. R'"#"t"n! t- UN Componnt Mt-o* o) E#t"mat"n!
Ho%#"n! N*#
1oncept of 52ousing 9eed7
he 3nited 9ations de-nes housing needs as the number of
conventional d)ellings or other suitable living Auarters that need to
be constructed or repaired in order to bring housing conditions, as of
a particular point in time, up to nationally adopted standards, plus
the number that need to be constructed, repaired andGor maintained
to ensure that housing conditions remain at the standard level over
a stated period of time'
52ousing need7 and 5housing reAuirements7 have the same
meaning and are used interchangeably throughout the 39 manual'
39 has broadly classi-ed the principal components of housing
needs in developing countries to three ma4or categories,
%
namely(
1' @ccumulated needs #housing needs )hich e+ist at the
beginning of the period covered by the estimates$
a' 9umber of d)ellings or other acceptable living
AuartersL reAuired for(
%
/ource( 3nited 9ations, Methods of ;stimating 2ousing 9eeds, /tudies in
Methods /eries F' 9o' 12, 9e) Por&, 1=?B'
1%
#i$ 2ouseholds )ithout shelter #homeless$
#ii$ 2ouseholds occupying living Auarters of an
unacceptable type
#iii$ 2ouseholds involuntarily doubled-up )ith other
households in living Auarters of an acceptable
type
#iv$ 0eduction in levels of density #persons per
room ratio or area per person$ in acceptable living
Auarters to a desired level
b' 9umber of living Auarters )hich are of an acceptable
type but in need of repair or replacement
2' 0ecurrent or future needs #needs e+pected to arise
during the period covered by the estimates$
a' 9umber of d)ellings or other acceptable living
Auarters
C
reAuired for(
#i$ !ro4ected increase in the number of households
during the period covered by the estimates
#ii$ 0eplacement of living Auarters of an acceptable
type )hich )ill be lost from the inventory during
the period covered by the estimates
b' 9umber of living Auarters that )ill reAuire
maintenance and repairs during the period covered
by the estimates'
%' @llo)ance in the estimates for vacant d)ellings
It is recogni,ed that not all the above components be ta&en
into account by all developing countries in estimating housing
needs' he components of the future needs are universally
applicable since they represent the housing reAuired for population
gro)th, replacement of housing as it reaches the end of its useful
life and recurrent repairs and maintenance reAuired to &eep the
housing stoc& up to established standards' 2o)ever, the
components to be considered in estimating accumulated needs )ill
vary according to the housing conditions in the country concerned'
)o methods are proposed for arriving at over-all estimates #i$
general method and #ii$ crude method' he general method
assumes that basic statistical data on )hich to base the estimates
are available' he crude method is suggested for countries in )hich
statistical data are seriously lac&ing'
a' .eneral method
he total need for ne) d)ellings or other acceptable living
Auarters over a stated period of time may be e+pressed for
convenience as #;#t$$' It is made up of the components listed above
#)ith the e+ception of components that represent repairs and
maintenance$ and may be e+pressed as follo)s(
C
@lthough conventional d)ellings represent the bul& of the housing )hich )ould
be reAuired under most circumstances to meet housing needs, the housing
needs of households may also be met through the provision of semi-permanent
d)ellings #)here these are considered as acceptable housing$, certain types of
mobile housing units and a certain proportion of living Auarters other than
housing units such as boarding houses and multi-household living Auarters'
1C
; #t$ Q J#;
1
R ;
2
R ;
%
R ;
C
R ;
B
#t$$ R ;
5
R ;
>
#t$
J Q 1oeIcient to allo) for vacant d)ellings' J is not
applicable to the number of ne) living Auarters reAuired
to replace substandard units #;
5
$

or to replace living
Auarters that )ill be lost from the inventory #;
>
$'
;
1
Q he number of living Auarters reAuired for households
)ithout shelter #homeless$'
;
2
Q he number of acceptable living Auarters reAuired for
households occupying living Auarters of an unacceptable
type'
;
%
Q he number of living Auarters reAuired to provide
separate accommodation for households involuntarily
doubled-up )ith other households in living Auarters of an
acceptable type'
;
C
Q he number of living Auarters reAuired to reduce levels
of density #persons per room or area per person$ in
acceptable living Auarters to a desired level'
;
5
Q he number of living Auarters reAuired to replace living
Auarters )hich are of an acceptable type but substandard
or dilapidated and beyond repair at the beginning of the
period covered by the estimates'
;
B
#t$Qhe number of living Auarters that )ill be reAuired to
house the pro4ected increase in the number of
households during the period #t$ covered by the
estimates'
;
>
#t$Qhe number of living Auarters that )ill be reAuired to
replace living Auarters of an acceptable type )hich )ill
be lost from the inventory during the period #t$ covered
by the estimates'
9ote( he housing needs e+pressed in ;
C
may be met by
increasing the si,e #number of rooms or area$ of the living Auarters
that )ill be constructed to meet the needs reSected by ;
1
, ;
2
, ;
%
, ;
C
,
;
5
, ;
B
, and ;
>
' In this case ;
C
)ould be omitted from the above
eAuation'
It should be remembered also that living Auarters )hich have
been included in the estimates to provide separate accommodation
for doubled-up households and potential households )ill also have
the efect of reducing levels of density' his fact either has to be
ta&en into account )hen preparing the estimates #by e+cluding from
estimates of overcro)ding, doubled-up households or potential
households for )hom additional living Auarters have been included
in the estimates$ or during the consolidation of the estimates, by
allo)ing for possible overlap'
b' 1rude method
In most countries the total population and rate of population
increase are &no)n and there is a rough idea of the si,e of the
households' If, in addition, data can be obtained on the total number
of acceptable units in the housing inventory and their average
15
useful life, this information can be used to provide a reasonably
good indication of the magnitude of the housing problem' 3nder
such circumstances, over-all housing needs T;#t$U may be e+pressed
as follo)s(
;#t$ Q 2 H 3 R 2#t$ R r3#t$
2 Q he number of households as of the beginning of the
period covered by the estimate'
3 Q he number of unacceptable living Auarters in the
inventory as of the beginning of the period covered by
the estimate'
2#t$Q he pro4ected increase in the number of households
during the period covered by the estimate'
r Q !ercentage rate at )hich acceptable living Auarters )ill
need to be replaced during the period covered by the
estimates'
9ote( he above estimate does not include maintenance and
repairs )hich are dealt )ith separately'
he crude estimates obtained )ould reSect the total number
of d)ellings #or other acceptable living Auarters$ reAuired to
eliminate the e+isting housing shortage, plus the number reAuired
to house the increase in the number of households and to replace
units lost due to obsolescence and other causes during a speci-ed
period' o arrive at this estimate, information is reAuired on the
number of households by type of living Auarters occupied, the
e+pected increase in the number of households during the period
and the number of living Auarters that )ill need to be replaced
during the same period'
he types of living Auarters to be ta&en into account in
determining the number of acceptable units available are the
follo)ing(
Eiving Auarters are structurally separate and independent
places of abode' hey may #i$ have been constructed, built,
converted or arranged for human habitation, provided that they are
not at the time of the census used )holly for other purposes and
that, in the case of mobile housing units, improvised housing units
and living Auarters other than housing units, are occupied at the
time of the census, or #ii$ although not intended for habitation,
actually be in use as such at the time of the census'
he living Auarters as de-ned above is either housing units or
living Auarters other than housing units' he classi-cation belo) has
been designed to group in broad classes housing units and living
Auarters other than housing units )ith similar structural
characteristics'
1. HOUSING UNITS
a' 1onventional d)ellings
b' Mobile housing units
c' Marginal housing units
Improvised housing units
1?
2ousing units in permanent buildings not intended for
human habitation
<ther premises not intended for human habitation
/. LIVING EUARTERS OTHER THAN HOUSING UNITS

"e-nitions of each type of living Auarters
1' 2ousing 3nit H is a separate and
independent place of abode intended for habitation by one
household, or one not intended for habitation but occupied as
living Auarters by a household at the time of the census'
Further classi-cation is needed in order to provide for a
meaningful assessment of housing conditions'
a' 1onventional d)elling H a room or suite of rooms and its
accessories in a permanent building or structurally
separated part thereof, )hich by the )ay it has been
built, rebuilt, or converted, is intended for habitation by
one household and is not, at the time of the census, used
)holly for other purposes' ;+amples of d)ellings are
houses, Sats, suites of rooms, apartments, etc' he term
d)elling is limited to housing unit located in permanent
building and designed for occupancy by one household
although at the time of the census, it may be vacant or
occupied by one or more households, or by a part of a
household'
!ermanent building is understood as a structure )hich
may be e+pected to maintain its stability for ten years or
more'
")ellings )hich do not fully comply )ith the above
de-nition are( core d)ellings and semi-permanent
d)ellings'
1ore d)elling is sometimes only a sanitary unit
containing bathing and toilet facilities to )hich may
be added, in subseAuent phases, the other elements
)hich )ill -nally comprise the completed d)elling'
/emi-permanent d)ellings H his category is
intended to cover housing units )hich are typical and
traditional in many rural areas'
b' Mobile housing units H is any type of living
accommodation )hich has been made to be transported
#such as a tent$ or )hich is a moving unit #such as a ship,
boat, barge, vessel, railroad car, caravan, trailer, yacht,
etc'$ occupied as living Auarters at the time of the
census' railers and 6edouin tents used as permanent
living Auarters are of special interest'
c' Marginal housing units comprised of three sub-
groups, as follo)s(
Improvised housing unit H is an independent,
ma&eshift shelter or structure built of )aste materials
1B
and )ithout predetermined plan, for the purpose of
habitation of one household and )hich is being
utili,ed as living Auarters at the time of the census'
2ousing units in permanent buildings not
intended for human habitation H included in this
category are housing units #in permanent buildings$
that have not been built, constructed, converted or
arranged for human habitation but )hich are actually
in use as living Auarters at the time of the census'
hese include housing units in stables, barns, mills,
garages, oIces, booths and so forth'
<ther premises not intended for human
habitation H this refers to living Auarters )hich are not
intended for human habitation nor located in
permanent buildings but )hich are, nevertheless,
used as living Auarters at the time of the census'
1aves and other natural shelters fall )ithin this
category'
2' Eiving Auarters other than housing units H
include structurally separate and independent places of abode
intended for habitation by large groups of individuals or
several households and occupied at the time of the census'
/uch Auarters usually have certain common facilities, such as
coo&ing and toilet installations, baths, lounge rooms or
dormitories, )hich are shared by occupants'
"e-nition of a household
he concept of 5household7 is based on the arrangements
made by persons, individually or in groups, for providing themselves
)ith food or other essentials for living' For housing purposes, a
household is de-ned in the same )ay as it is for population census'
@ household may be either( #i$ a one-person household, that is, a
person )ho ma&es provision for his o)n food or other essentials for
living* or #ii$ a multi-person household, that is a group of t)o or
more persons )ho ma&e common provision for food or other
essentials for living'
1' 2ouseholds )ithout shelter #homeless$ H are those
households, )ho at the time of the census or other enAuiry,
are )ithout a shelter that can be considered living Auarters'
2omeless persons carry their fe) possessions )ith them,
sleeping in the street, in door)ays, on piers, or in any other
space'
2' !otential household H Identi-cation of the 5family nuclei7
)ithin a single household may serve as a means of predicting
one type of possible household formation )hich may be
e+pected to occur )ith same freAuency as the housing supply
increases or the general levels of living improve' he
fragmentation of households, may occur as a result of other
members brea&ing a)ay to form separate households'
&. NSO Oprat"ona$"<at"on o) E#t"mat"on
he 9ational 1ensus and /tatistics <Ice #91/< no) 9/<$ in
1=B= prepared a 2ousing 9eeds in the !hilippines 1=B0-2000
1>
pro4ections published as Monograph 9o' 1> of a 39F!@-91/<
!opulation 0esearch !ro4ect' his study attempted to use three
methods of estimating housing needs, one of )hich is the 39
1omponent Method' 2o)ever, no other study follo)ed after this
pro4ection'
In the 9/< study, the authors attempted to adopt the diferent
categories as called for in the formula in the estimation process but
only the follo)ing categories )ere used(
1' 2ousing 6ac&log estimated for urban and rural categori,ed
into(
a' "oubled-up families
b' 3nacceptable d)ellings
2' Future 9eed
a' 9e) households
b' 0eplacement of inventory losses
0eduction in levels of density #persons per room ratio$ )as not
considered in the component method due to the provision of an
allo)able separate accommodation for doubled-up households, thus
allo)ing for a reduction in density'
<perationali,ation of the above components
1' 2ousing bac&log consists of the estimates of the follo)ing(
a' 9umber of ")ellings 0eAuired for "oubled-3p
2ouseholds H the diference bet)een the total number of
households and number of acceptable d)elling units'
b' 9umber of ")ellings 0eAuired for 3nacceptable
")elling 3nits Hd)elling units not -t for human habitation
in the housing stoc&s such as all d)elling units )hose
)alls or roofs are made of bamboo, nipa, cogon, etc'
)hich are susceptible to -re in urban areas* and all
barong-barong #made of ma&eshift materials$ and other
construction materials not suitable for habitation'
2' Future 9eed
a' 9umber of ")elling 3nits 0eAuired to 2ouse !ro4ected
Increase in the 2ouseholds H ;stimates of d)elling units
is based on getting the diference in the number of
households estimated in the initial year of observation
and the number of households at the end of the period of
observation' his is the increase in the number of
households, )hich is eAual to the number of d)elling
units reAuired to house them' In the study, three
assumptions )ere estimated, namely( lo) population
gro)th, medium population gro)th and high population
gro)th'
b' 0eplacement of Eosses H he housing stoc& is
constantly being diminished by the loss of d)ellings that
)ere either obsolescent, or demolished through
accidents such as -re, Sood, etc' Future replacement
reAuirements are based on factors of age and
construction materials that considered for replacement'
1=
he average life span for a d)elling unit is assumed to be
50 years for those made of concrete, %0 years for
d)elling units made of lumber and .I sheets* and 20
years for d)ellings made of bamboo, nipa, and cogon'
ranslated into percentages, d)ellings made of strong
materials reAuire a replacement allo)ance of 2 percent
annually* for combination of light and strong materials,
%'%% percent replacement allo)ance annually* )hile for
light materials, 5 percent annually'
C. R'"( O) HUDCCF# G%"*$"n# For T- Prparat"on o)
Lo+a$ S-$tr P$an#
>

23"11:s 5.uidelines for the !reparation of Eocal /helter
!lans7 )as formulated as reference of Eocal .overnment 3nits
#E.3s$ in the preparation of a local shelter plan' Mith particular
reference to 6'2 /helter 9eeds @ssessment, @nne+ ? #2ousing 9eed
1alculation$ and other pertinent anne+es, revisiting the guidelines
intends to evaluate )hether the components in the estimation of
housing need as recommended by the UN Method of Estimating Housing
Needs is adhered to by the prescribed formula herein #/helter 9eeds
@ssessment$ and that if such procedures can be adopted for
estimation of housing needs at the national level'
he /helter 9eed @ssessment involved t)o ma4or
components, namely( #i$ 9eed for 9e) 3nits, and #ii$ 3pgrading
9eeds' It is therefore presumed that the same components are
used in the computation of housing need' he 9eed for 9e) 3nits
can be identi-ed as the physical aspects of housing )here
construction of ne) housing units are needed )hile the 3pgrading
9eeds is the social aspect of housing'

1. NEED FOR NEW HOUSING UNITS
9eed for ne) housing units consists of( #i$ housing bac&log,
and #ii$ ne) units needed due to future population gro)th'
a' 2ousing 6ac&log is de-ned as the number of d)elling
units needed at the beginning of the planning period due
to(
"oubled-up households
"isplaced units
2omeless
"oubled-up householdGdouble occupancy e+ists )hen one
d)elling unit is shared by t)o or more households'
2ousehold as de-ned by 9/< is a social unit consisting of
a person or a group of persons )ho sleep in the same d)elling
unit and have a common arrangement for the preparation and
consumption of food'
"ata source( he 9/< 1ensus of !opulation and 2ousing
#1!2$ provides data on doubled-up household as 50atio of
5
his paper )as prepared in collaboration )ith 39 2abitat )ith funding from
.overnment of Finland
20
2ouseholds to <ccupied 2ousing 3nits'7 his ratio )as not
e+plained clearly ho) it )as applied'

Mathematically, doubled-up household is e+pressed as
follo)s(
"22 Q 22 H "3
)here(
"22 is doubled up 2ouseholds in time 1
22 is total number of households in time 1
"3 is total d)elling units in time 1
"isplaced 3nits #0elocation 9eed$ H these are ne)
d)elling units needed to replace those occupied by
households(

located in danger areas, or
those living on land )hich is needed by the
government for a ma4or infrastructure pro4ect, or
in areas )here there is a court order for
eviction and demolition
2omeless H de-ned as individuals or households living in
par&s along side)al&s, and all those )ithout any form of
shelter'
"ata source( he 1ensus of !opulation and 2ousing #1!2$ of
9/< provides data on the 2omeless under 5<ther7 category of
ype of 6uilding' his Vhomeless: population is normally found
in highly urbani,ed areas'
b' 9e) 3nits 9eeded due to Future !opulation .ro)th H his
is the number of d)elling units that )ill be reAuired for
the future depends largely on the pro4ected si,e of the
population increase and the subseAuent formation of ne)
households'
!opulation !ro4ection H is an estimation of the change in
population due to natural increase and migration' he annual
gro)th rate is used to determine population pro4ection'

"ata source( he 9/< Family Income and ;+penditure /urvey
#FI;/$ for population data and 9;"@ statistics for annual
gro)th rate'
9umber of 2ouseholds
"ata /ource( 9/< 1!2
1omputation( If actual data is not available, the number of
households can be derived by dividing the population data by
the si,e of the household'
For the information of the 2ousing /ector, the 1!2/ has
formed a echnical Mor&ing .roup to prepare 2ousehold
!ro4ection based on the result of the last census of 200B'
21
2o)ever, this pro4ection may still be made available after one
year' 6y then, another census result )ill be available'
c' 9e) 3nits 9eeded due to !opulation .ro)th H his is the
total number of units needed to supply the demand of
ne) households formed'

1omputation( he otal 9umber of 9e) 3nits needed is
derived from the diference in the number of households in
the last planning year and the base year' If three multiyear,
say 5-year periods have been used, ne) housing units
needed due to population gro)th comes from the diference
of the number of households at the end of that 5-year period
and the number of households at the end of former period'
he average annual need can be counted by dividing the total
number of units by the number of years in the planning
period'

/. UPGRADING NEED

he social aspect of housing is the upgrading need of the
population' 3pgrading 9eed is de-ned as the need for improving
land tenure status, e'g', provision of minimum security of tenure as
in a )ritten contract to possessing a title to the land* access to basic
services, e'g', dirt road to macadami,ed road* and house condition
e'g', from semi-permanent to permanent structure'
3pgrading needs could ta&e any of the follo)ing forms, and
there can be a situation )here the units reAuire t)o or more
upgrading needs(
a' enure need*
b' Infrastructure Improvement 9eed*
c' /tructural Improvement 9eed'
9otation( he E.3 has to determine )hat criteria should be used for
upgrading, e'g', basic standard for )ater supply, sanitation,
electricity, drainage, garbage disposal, and road access, as )ell as
)hat is minimum land tenure' @ll units classi-ed as needing
upgrading are understood to be upgradable in place'
"ata /ource( 1ensus of !opulation and 2ousing, ables on(
<ccupied 2ousing 3nits by 1ondition #/tate of 0epair$ of the
6uilding, Pear 6uilt and 1ityGMunicipality* 2ouseholds by ype of
6uilding and enure /tatus of 2ousing 3nits and 1ityGMunicipality'
@n actual survey can be underta&en if upgrading need data
are not available' he number of units reAuiring each type of
upgrading activity or a combination of upgrading activities can be
used' For e+ample(
a' 3nits )ith land tenure, infrastructure and structural
improvement needs*
b' 3nits )ith land tenure and infrastructure needs*
c' 3nits )hich only need security of tenure*
d' 3nits )hich only need infrastructure improvement
1omputation( For present upgrading need, the planner has to
assumeGestimate the percentage of housing stoc& needing these
22
diferent upgrading activities during the planning period and
determine the annual upgrading schedule for every program period'
here is a suggestion for the planner to ma&e an assumption
on the life span of the housing stoc& as basis in ma&ing estimates
for upgrading'
a' enure 9eed is de-ned as the need of those households
considered to have inadeAuate security of tenure on the
land they occupy, i'e', no legal title or any other )ritten
contract on land'
9otation( <nly those households )hich o)n the housing unit
and lot they are occupying can be considered to have a clear
land tenure situation' <ther households can be assumed to be
in varying degrees of insecurity and can be considered in
need of improving land tenure'
he planner is given the decision on )hat proportion of these
housing units could be considered to have tenure need
depending on local condition'
"ata /ource( 9/< 1!2 data on tenure status of housing units
and tenure status of lot in o)ner-occupied units can be used
to determine tenure need'
b' Infrastructure Improvement 9eed H here is infrastructure
improvement need if the d)elling units lac& access to
one or more basic services and utilities, i'e', )ater
supply, sanitation, electricity, drainage, road access and
garbage disposal'
9otation( he planner )as given the decision as to )hat
standard heGshe perceives as adeAuate basic services'
"ata /ource( he 9/< #1!2$ -gures on basic services can be
used, e'g' 1!2 able on 52ouseholds by Main /ource of
"rin&ing Mater and 1ityGMunicipality7, also tables on type of
fuel used for lighting and coo&ing, toilet facility being used
and usual manner of garbage disposal'
c' Improvement 9eed H /tructural Improvement 9eed e+ists
if the structure of the d)elling unit is made of temporary
materials, e'g' barong-barong units or if other)ise needs
to be repaired to minimum acceptable level'
@ housing unit meets the minimum acceptable level if it can
fully protect the occupants from the elements, i'e', rain, )ind,
temperature and the li&e'
"ata /ource( 9/< 1!2 able on 5<ccupied 2ousing 3nits by
1ondition #/tate of 0epair$ of the 6uilding, Pear 6uilt and
1itGMunicipality7 provides data on 2ousing units needing
ma4or repair, dilapidatedGcondemned and un-nished
construction' hese categories can be considered to have
structural improvement need' If other data not available, 9/<
data on construction materials of the outer )alls and roof can
also be used to assess structural improvement need'
2%
V. FINDINGS AND EVALUATION
@' !lan !eriods
1' In the plan periods 1===-200C and 2005-2010, the
frame)or&s on housing need are not adeAuately de-ned and
understood' Mell-de-ned frame)or& can be the basis for
preparing more accurate estimates for housing targets not
only for sociali,ed housing but also for other sta&eholders in
the housing sector'
2' In 2005-2010 plan, estimates on housing needs for 910 )as
misleading' It might be advantageous if estimation for 910
)as done separately from those of other highly urbani,ed
areas outside of Metro Manila' his is because housing
problem is recogni,ed to be most serious in the 910' his is
one area of the frame)or& that should be revisited in order to
present a more accurate picture of the housing situation in the
country'
6' 39 1omponent Method
1' 5@ccumulated needs7 )hich is also 5current needs,7 include
not only accumulated bac&logs such as housing needs of
doubled-up households and the homeless, those living in
unacceptable type of housing but also include replacement of
dilapidated housing units and repair of housing units at the
start of the plan period' 50ecurrent or future needs7 is simply
&no)n as the future needs due to increase in the number of
households and replacement of housing units that )ill be lost
during the inventory period' he third ma4or category in the
39 1omponent Method is 5allo)ance in the estimates for
vacant buildings7, not usually included in the estimation of
housing needs in the country'
2' he .eneral Method and the 1rude Method are the t)o
proposed methods of estimating housing needs' he .eneral
Method includes all components in estimating the total
housing needs )here statistics are available )hile the 1rude
Method is recommended for use )hen data are limited'
%' <n the rate of replacement of housing units on inventory loss,
the 39 did not specify any value and allo)ed countries to
decide' he 9/< study used three rates based on age of the
housing unit and the type of construction materials' In the
said study, housing units made of strong materials during the
1=B0 1!2 )as given a life span of 50 years, mi+ed materials
predominantly strong, %0 years and light materials, 20 years'
In the 39 Manual, 100 years )as suggested as the life of
houses in ;uropean countries' !ermanent buildings have
been de-ned by 39 to last for at least 10 years'
C' In the 39 manual, 5living Auarters7 )as used in the broadest
term in referring to the unit )here households )ere found at
the time of census regardless of )hether these are
2C
conventional d)ellings or not' It also includes living Auarters
of institutional population' In the !hilippine 1ensus, housing
unit has been used to refer to any place of abode )here
private households )ere found during the census' Mhat is
lac&ing in the !hilippine de-nition is the use of the term
5conventional d)elling7 to refer to houses, Sats, apartments,
etc' although it de-nes housing unit as a 5structurally
separate and independent place of abode by the )ay it has
been constructed, converted or arranged, intended for
habitation by one or more households' @lso considered as
housing units are structures or parts of structures not
intended for habitation such as commercial, industrial, and
agricultural buildings, or natural and man-made shelters such
as caves, boats, abandoned truc&s, culverts, etc', but used as
living Auarters by households at the time of the census' 39
also de-nes 5housing units7 to include conventional d)elling,
mobile housing units and marginal housing )hich are more or
less similar in composition as used in the !hilippine 1ensus'
5' In setting up of targets, 39 emphasi,ed that it is more
important to target the immediate replacements of inventory
losses as these happen, because not doing so )ill contribute
to serious shortage of housing and lead to deterioration of the
housing stoc&' !rovision for ne) housing unit for doubled-up
households may not be as urgent as those housing units
reAuired to replace dilapidated and unacceptable units, and
provide housing for ne)ly formed households'
?' @ Auic& evaluation on -nding out housing needs pro4ection for
year 2000, )ith the actual inventory of housing stoc& as of
May 1, 2000 based on the census result, is presented in the
table belo)(
DWELLING UNITS
1=B0-2000
2ousing /toc& <ccupied, 1=B0 ?,010,>%B
2ousing 9eed , 1=B0-2000 1B,50=,000
;stimated 2ousing /toc&, 2000 2%,51=,>%B
1=B0 1!2 otal
?,010,>%B
2000 1!2 otal 1C,=2=,2==
<ccupied 1C,>=1,12B
Nacant %>,1B2
a&e note that the estimated housing needs for %0-year
pro4ection )as 1B'50= million housing units, a 5-year interval
need of about % million' If )e add that to the initial inventory
in 1=B0, the total housing units by year 2000 should have
been 2%,51=,>%B housing units' @ccording to the main author
of the 91/< pro4ection, the big diference is attributed to the
high estimates of housing needs for d)elling units made of
light materials, assumed to be replaced after 20 years #5F
replacement rate per year$' hus, there is an urgent need to
study the Auality of the housing stoc& so that a more realistic
replacement rate can be formulated' he 39 recommends
25
100 years as start-up point of the life span of concrete houses'
!erhaps, a more detailed study of the year the house )as built
and construction materials of housing units as obtained in
diferent 1!2 can be underta&en to be able to arrive at a
reasonable level of estimates of housing units, replaced due
to inventory loss that include losses due to obsolescence,
natural calamities, -res, slum clearance, relocation, etc'
B' 6ased on the 1!2 bet)een 1=B0 and 2000, it may be noted
that )ithin a span of %0 years, the number of housing units
has increased by 1C> percent or an annual increase of almost
5 percent - a faster rate than the increase in population' In %0
years, there )as an average annual increase of about 2=?,010
occupied housing units' <n the average, the construction of
ne) housing units should be more than this in order to reduce
housing bac&logs'
>' he 2000 1ensus counted a total of 15,2B>,>0> households'
6ased on the number of d)elling units occupied in 2000, )e
can roughly estimate the needs of doubled-up households to
be about %>B,?>1 housing units or about 2'?0F of the total
occupied housing units* or doubled-up households composed
of 2'5CF of the total households in the census'
A'ra! N%m=r o) Ho%#-o$*# pr Ho%#"n! Un"t#
=; T;p o) &%"$*"n!. 1::0 an* /000
1::0 /000
otal occupied 1'0%5 1'0%
/ingle house 1'02> 1'02
"uple+ 1'0=C 1'05
Multi-unit residential 1'115 1'0?
1ommercialGindustrialGagric
ultural
1'0?C 1'05
Institutional living Auarters 1'0=% 1'05
<ther housing units 1'0B5 1'05
9ot reported 1'000 1'02
he above table )ill sho) the doubling-up in 1==0 and 2000
and perhaps )ill sho) that either there is really a shortage of
housing or that this may be due to 5clannishness7 of Filipinos'
Mhat is being recommended is not to give priority to doubling-
up in target setting but, instead give priority to the
construction to replace dilapidated structures and those made
of unacceptable construction materials'
1' .uidelines for the !reparation of Eocal /helter !lans
1' In the assessment of housing need, it has been sho)n that
the 9eed for 9e) 2ousing 3nits represents the physical
aspects of housing )hile the 3pgrading 9eed represents the
social aspect of housing' 2o)ever, )hen the component used
in the estimation of 2ousing 9eed is evaluated against the 39
1omponent Method of ;stimating 2ousing 9eeds, there is a
signi-cant diference in the composition'
2?
ogether )ith the 9/< operationali,ation, the diferences on
the physical aspects are summari,ed belo)(
UN Componnt
NSO
Oprat"ona$"<a
t"on
HUDCC
G%"*$"n#
D"Grn+
2ousing 9eed 2ousing 9eed
9eed for 9e)
3nits
1' @ccumulated
9eeds(
1'1 "oubled-up
2ouseholds
in
acceptable
d)elling
units
1'2 0eplace
2ousing
units of
unacceptabl
e type
#salvaged
materials$
1'% 2ouseholds
)ithout
shelter
1'C 23s of
acceptable
type but in
need of
repair or
replacement
1' 6ac&log
1'1 "oubled-up
families
1'2
3nacceptabl
e d)ellings
9o mention
9o mention
1' 6ac&log(
1'1 "oubled-up
22s
1'2 "isplaced
3nits
1'%
2omeless
9o item for
replacement of
dilapidated
acceptable
housing units'
erminology
- 39 includes
only those
involuntary
doubled-up and
potential
households
- 23"11 refers
23s in danger
areas )hile 39
and 9/< refer to
23s of
unacceptable
construction
materials'
23"11 is much
more limited in
scope'
- /ame de-nition
of homeless )ith
39
- 23"11 treats
this as needing
upgrading but
did not consider
replacement of
dilapidated
structures at the
start of !lan
period'
2' 0ecurrent or
future needs
2'1 23s for
increase in
22s
2'2 0eplace
23s due to
inventory
loss,
obsolescenc
e, etc' but
did not
recommend
any rate'
2' Future 9eed
2'1 9e) 22s
2'2
0eplacement
of inventory
losses' 9/<
used in its
housing
pro4ection
2F for 23s
made of
concrete,
%'%F made
of mi+ed
2' Future
!opulation
gro)th
2'1 23s for
increase in
22s
9o provision in
the guidelines
- 9o diference
- 23"11
provided
replacement in
!lan period
1=>B-1==2 but
did not provide
for inventory
loss of housing
stoc& in
succeeding !lan
periods'
2B
UN Componnt
NSO
Oprat"ona$"<a
t"on
HUDCC
G%"*$"n#
D"Grn+
materials,
5F for light
materials'
he comparison above sho)s that the 23"11 used a
replacement rate during the 1=>B-1==2 M!"! but the
guidelines did not provide replacements of housing units lost
due to natural disasters, natural )ear and tear of structures
and other causes of inventory losses' Instead, 23"11 has
incorporated in the estimation of housing need those
displaced units )hich may already be part of the other
components in the 39 estimation' ;arlier, it )as commented
that the displaced structures due to relocation, court orders,
etc', can only be captured through reports of agencies
concerned in the implementation and should not be used as
basis in estimating housing need, unless there are basis in
estimating these future displacements'
2' <n the computation of doubled-up households, it )as
mentioned that it can be determined by actual
countingGsurvey' 2o)ever, if historical data on the doubled-up
households is available, the local planner can come up )ith a
conservative pro4ection by multiplying a percentage estimate
by the number households for the base year'7 In the
guidelines, no illustration )as presented on ho) to deal )ith
historical data' Eocal planner )as instead instructed to 5come
up with a conservative projection by multiplying a percentage
estimate by the number of households for the base year. It
)as not e+plained ho) this is done and the base year is not
de-ned )hether from a 1ensus, from an estimate of
households based on oIcial !opulation !ro4ection, or from the
planner:s o)n household pro4ection'
%' In the interpretation of computed doubled-up, it )as stated
that 5@ssuming that the number of households per d)elling
unit is 1'05, this means that for every 100 d)elling units
occupied, there are 105 households occupying these d)elling
units' herefore, -ve #5$ households are unit sharers' If the
number of households per unit is one #1$, there is no doubled-
up households'7
1omments( he 1'05 is a density measure )hich is the total
number of households divided by total d)ellings occupied'
his is also the ratio that )as mentioned earlier )ith no
e+ample' he ratio is usually generated from a 1ensus data as
benchmar& )hich can be used to compute estimates of
occupied d)elling units given pro4ected number of households
during intercensal periods'

Illustration: (From census data)
verage number of !ouseholds"one housing unit #
$%$"$&& # '.&$
$%$ is the total number of households of a geographic
area
2>
$&& is the total number of housing units occupied in the same
area.
(se of the ratio or density in estimation:
If we want to estimate the number of households which are
doubled)up in a given plan period as well as the number of
occupied housing units, say *+,-, %&&$)%&'& using '.&$ we
can estimate the total number of occupied housing units as
well as the number of doubled)up households as illustrated
below.
2=
Har
No. o)
Ho%#-o$*#
1
E#t"mat*
O++%p"*
Ho%#"n!
Un"t#
/
E#t"mat*
No. o)
Do%=$*2%p
Ho%#-o$*#
5
E#t"mat*
Ann%a$ Rat
o) Gro(t- o)
Ho%#-o$*#
?@A
3
#1$ #2$ #%$ #C$ #5$
2005 10C,>2B ==,>%5 C==2 -
200? 10B,B0% 102,5BC 5,12= 2'BC
200B 110,C?5 105,205 5,2?0 2'5?
200> 11%,22B 10B,>%5 5,%=2 2'50
200= 11?,05> 110,5%1 5,52B 2'50
2010 11>,>C% 11%,1>C 5,?5= 2'C0
otal Increase
2005 to 2010
1C,01? 1%,%C= %1,=5= 1%'%B
@nnual
@verage
111,>5C 10?,52B 5,%2B 2'2%
1
6ased on household pro4ection )ith 200B data coming from the !<!1;9'
2
"ivide the 1olumn 2 by 1'05 density
%
"iference of 1olumns 2 and %
C
1omputation is based on simple gro)th rate formula'
C' <n the count of displaced units, 39 1omponent Method did
not consider actual displaced units to be replaced because the
estimation is on future housing needs' 6ut it recommends a
periodic assessment of relations, slum clearance so that they
can be incorporated in housing units to be replaced' 3nless
de-nite programs for urban rene)al, slum clearance, etc' are
available during the !lan period, it )ould be e+tremely
diIcult to prepare estimates for future displacements on
medium term planning for the follo)ing reasons(
a' <n 5the number of
d)elling units in danger areas7 H no data available in the
!//' 2o)ever, a Auestion pertaining to this can be
incorporated in the forthcoming 2010 1!2, that is, on the
speci-c location of the housing unit, e'g' along
esteros, river ban&s, #a more detailed de-nition of )hat
danger areas mean should be )ell understood by data
gatherers$' @nother approach is for the E.3s to conduct a
comprehensive inventory of these areas, specifying the
geographic administrative division, at least barangay
level, to serve as benchmar& or base period data'
0econnaissance survey may be adopted in the collection
of micro data although may not be very accurate'
2o)ever, the timetable for E.3s should have common
reference period and that a Manual of Instructions on ho)
to conduct the survey should be furnished to all E.3s for
uniformity of instruction so that the data can be
aggregated at provincial, regional or national level for
planning, evaluation and monitoring of programs'
b' <n 5d)elling units
afected by planned government infrastructure pro4ects,7
H he data on these are not available any)here e+cept
)hen a survey is conducted prior to the implementation
of a pro4ect' 2ence, it is diIcult to obtain accurate
benchmar& data for planning purposes' If there are past
%0
records of the "epartment of 2igh)ays on the number of
d)elling units afected by their pro4ects annually, then
some indicators may be computed to prepare estimates
for planning purposes' 2o)ever, this particular item may
already be part of 39:s 0ecurrent or future needs, )hich
is 50eplacement of living Auarters of an acceptable type
)hich )ill be lost from the inventory during the period
covered by the estimates'7
c' <n 5units )hich are
sub4ect of a court order for evictionGdemolition,7 again
the data here )ould depend upon the freAuency of
demolition order and the nature of demolition' If these
demolitions have something to do )ith sAuatting, an
alternative source of data )ould be the 1!2' If past data
are available some indicators may be derived to prepare
estimates and compare the data to the 1!2 data on
sAuatters'
d' <n 7the estimate for
future displacements due to natural disasters7 these can
only be compiled from the records of the "/M"' hen
again, the 39:s 0ecurrent or future needs, )hich is
50eplacement of living Auarters of an acceptable type
)hich )ill be lost from the inventory during the period
covered by the estimates7 may have already covered this
future displacement'
/ince not one of the above stated "isplaced 3nits can easily
be determined, an alternative method that can be
recommended is to adopt the 0eplacement method by type of
construction materials )hich )ill ta&e care of the housing
needs of those to be displaced either by relocation, natural
disasters, or other inventory losses' In monitoring the
accomplishments for this particular component, the housing
agency concern should be reporting these 5concerns7 and be
attributed to meeting the housing needs that )ere supposed
to have been replaced' hese microscopic concerns should
not be the basis for the computation of housing needs but
their accomplishment should be monitored as part of meeting
the 2ousing 9eed for this component' If historical data are
available, these can be used as benchmar& in future
estimation of housing needs'
5' <n population pro4ection, data source Auoted )ere 9/< FI;/
for population data and 9;"@ statistics for annual gro)th
rate' he sources are not correct' For the information of the
2ousing /ector, the population gro)th rates are derived from
the result of censuses through the census years, )hich comes
from 9/< and not from 9;"@' In other )ords, the base
population data do)n to barangay level is available from the
census' !opulation gro)th can be computed from the result of
at least t)o censuses' 2o)ever, during intercensal periods, a
population pro4ection is prepared by a echnical 1ommittee on
!opulation and 2ousing /tatistics #1!2/$ of 9/16 )hich is
usually declared by 9/16:s ;+ecutive 6oard for oIcial use of
all planners in the diferent instrumentalities of the
government'
%1
hree sets of pro4ections are available, namely( the -rst is the
population )ith the assumption of fast population gro)th, the
second is the population )ith medium assumption of
population gro)th and the third population pro4ection is )ith
an assumption )ith slo) population gro)th' hese pro4ections
are available at regional, provincial and cityGmunicipal level'
he recommendation of the 1!2/ is to use the population
pro4ection using the medium assumption for planning'
2o)ever, the E.3s may decide )hich pro4ection data to use
depending upon their observation of the pace of gro)th in
their respective areas by studying the past demographic
performance of the population over several census periods'
In @nne+ B, t)o methods of computing population gro)th
rates )ere sho)n' 2o)ever, Method 6 )hich is the simple
arithmetic gro)th rate is not recommended to be used for
pro4ection purposes because it yields a much higher gro)th
rate than other methods resulting to a higher population
pro4ection -gure'

<Icially, )hen ma&ing short term single-year population
pro4ection, say for a period of 5 years, the .eometric Method
is used, )hich gives a geometric increase in population' his
is the same as in the computation of compounded interest if
money is deposited in the ban&' he rationale is based on
Malthusian Ea) of !opulation, )hich states simply( he
population gro)s geometrically )hile food increases
arithmetically' he 3nited 9ations adopts the .eometric
Formula in the computation of population gro)th rate' he
basic geometric formula is(

!
n
Q !
0
#1 R r $
n
)here(

!
n
is the population in year n
!
0
is the population in base year
n is the number of years
r is the rate of annual gro)th

o compute for gro)th rate, the above formula is re-arranged
as sho)n belo)'
r Q @ntilog
10
T log
10
#!
n
W !
0
$ W nU H 1
"emographers, ho)ever, usually recommend the ;+ponential
.ro)th 0ate )hich yields a little lo)er rate' he basic
;+ponential formula is(
!
n
Q !
0
e
rn
translated into
r Q Tln

#!
n
W !
0
$ U W n )hen computing the
rate'
Illustration( Me have comparative data using diferent
methods of computing gro)th rate to sho) that the arithmetic
method gives the highest gro)th rate estimates'
Pop%$at"on Gro(t- Rat# o) &atan!a# Pro'"n+. 1:38 I 1::0
%2
Cn#%#
Dat
Intr+n#
a$ ;ar#
Pop%$at"
on
Ann%a$ Gro(t- Rat "n @
Gomtr"
+
EDponnt
"a$
Ar"t-mt"
+
<ctober
1, 1=C>
- 510,22C - - -
February
15, 1=?0
11'%B ?>1,C1C 2'5> 2'5C 2'=5
May ?,
1=B0
10'21 =2?,%=> %'05 %'01 %'52
May 1,
1=>0
='== 1,1BC,2=1 2'?2 2'5> 2'?>
May 1,
1==0
10'00 1,CB?,B>% 2'%2 2'2= 2'5>
If the arithmetic gro)th rate )ill be used to pro4ect the
population, it )ill yield a higher population pro4ection than
)hen geometric formula is used'

?' In the assessment of 3pgrading 9eeds, most of the data
needs are available in the 1!2 e+cept on road improvement
activities' ;ven in the discussion of the % components of
3pgrading 9eed, there )as no suggestion on ho) to deal )ith
the improvement of road as part of upgrading activity' Mhen it
comes to setting of standards, the planner )as given the
decision' he planner has to assumeGestimate the percentage
of housing stoc& needing these diferent upgrading activities
during the planning periods' 6ecause of this, it )ould be very
diIcult to prepare a frame)or& on 3pgrading activities,
unless there are standards set at the national level to follo)'
VI. R+ommn** Fram(or, on Ho%#"n! N*#
/ince the 39 1omponent Method of ;stimating 2ousing 9eeds
considered not only on bac&log component but also the pro4ection of
households, it is recommended that the !// loo& into the evaluation
made using this 39 1omponent as this method has been the
product of e+haustive research contributed not only by international
housing e+perts but 39-member countries as )ell' In the 200=
organi,ation meeting of 9/16:s echnical 1ommittee on !opulation
and 2ousing /tatistics #1!2/$ held Mach 2?, 200=, a echnical
Mor&ing .roup #M.$ on 2ousehold !ro4ections )as formally
organi,ed, in addition to the e+isting M. on 2ousing /tatistics' he
M. on 2ousehold !ro4ection )ill loo& into the methodology of ho)
best to prepare household pro4ections considering that most
agencies providing service to the population use 52ouseholds7 in
their target setting for accomplishment' <n the other hand, one of
the duties and responsibilities of the M. on 2ousing /tatistics is to
loo& into the estimation of housing needs in addition to the
preparation of glossary of terms used in housing statistics' he
ob4ective of this 2ousing 6ac&log /tudy is consistent )ith the
direction by )hich 9/16:s 1!2/ is pursuing to respond to the need
%%
of the housing sector for the results of this study can provide
reference to the M. on 2ousing /tatistics'
he proposed frame)or& in this study shall basically follo) the
39 component method, )ith an attempt to use both recommended
methods of estimation, namely( the .eneral Method and 1rude
Method of estimation of housing needs'
It has been recogni,ed by the 2ousing /ector that the bul& of
the problem on housing is in the urban centers, more speci-cally
in Metro Manila and in highly urbani,ed cities outside the
9ational 1apital 0egion' here is, ho)ever, an anticipated problem
in the application of the ne)ly approved de-nition of an urban area'
In 200%, 9/16 ;+ecutive 6oard passed a resolution adopting the
ne) de-nition of urban area' 2o)ever, there )as a condition in the
resolution )hich reAuires the 9/< to apply the ne) de-nition in the
2005 Mid-decade 1ensus of !opulation and try to compare the result
)ith the previous de-nition' 6ut this census )as underta&en in 200B
and the results are not yet available' For purposes of this study, the
ne) de-nition of urban area cannot still be utili,ed for comparability
over the previous years' @s soon as the application of the ne)
de-nition becomes available and oIcial, all data series must adopt
the latest oIcial de-nition of an urban area in the estimation of
housing need' It is only Metro Manila that retained its classi-cation
as all urban in its entirety' he rest of the cities and municipalities
are sub4ect to the three-criteria used to identify an urban area at the
barangay level' his study on bac&log shall apply the old de-nition
of urban area since the available statistics are based on this
de-nition'

he proposed frame)or& for housing need is an adaptation of
the 39 1omponent method and has t)o dimensions( #i$ construction
of housing units* and #ii$ housing support and services' he rationale
for this proposal is to identify the 5physical7 aspect of the housing
industry and the 5social7 aspect of housing to improve the
environment for healthy living' 6oth are addressed by
government:s housing assistance )hich can be in a form of cash vs'
loan, house and lot, lot only, temporary shelters, etc'
he physical aspect of housing needs )ould be the
construction of acceptable d)ellings as living Auarters, therefore,
the unit of reporting the housing need )ould be in terms of housing
units constructed, regardless of the type of building, )hether single,
duple+, accessoria or to)nhouses, apartments, and condominiums'
1' @ccumulated or current needs - is de-ned as housing needs
that e+ist at the beginning of the !lan !eriod covered by the
estimate, and include the follo)ing components(
a' 9umber of conventional 2ousing 3nits #23s$ reAuired to
provide for(
2ouseholds )ithout shelter #homeless$
2ouseholds occupying living Auarters of an
unacceptable type, e'g', barong-barong, houses made
of ma&eshift or salvaged materials, and those residing
in non-conventional d)ellings'
2ouseholds that are doubled-up )ith other
households in acceptable d)elling units )ith the
%C
assumption that all those doubled-up households are
in need of separate housing accommodation'
b' 9umber of conventional housing units )hich are
dilapidated or condemned to be replaced'
2' 0ecurrent or future needs H housing needs e+pected to arise
during the !lan !eriod covered by the estimates, it could be
annual, medium term, or long term'
a' 9umber of housing units reAuired to provide to ne)
households covered by the !lan !eriod'
b' 0eplacement of housing units of acceptable type that
)ere lost during the period covered by the estimates'
Eosses include housing units lost due to obsolescence,
Soods, -re, urban rene)alGslum clearance, etc' his can
be done by age and construction materials based on
trends observed bet)een censuses'
he 39 components pertaining to 50eduction in levels of
density in acceptable living Auarters to a desired level7 and
5allo)ance for vacant d)ellings7 are not considered in the proposal'
here is no need to consider the 5reduction of density to a desired
level,7 because all doubled-up households have already been
considered, therefore, the overcro)ding due to doubling-up may
have been eased' In the 5allo)ance for vacant d)ellings,7 it )as
observed that in all census years 1=B0, 1=>0, 1==0 and 2000 there
are al)ays vacant housing units counted' herefore, estimates
)ould be limited to occupied d)ellings or housing units'
%5
2ousing 9eeds( 1onstruction of 2ousing 3nits
9umber of
1onventional 2ousing
3nits provided for(
2omeless
2ouseholds in
unacceptable type
"oubled-up
households in
acceptable type
0eplacement of
"ilapidatedG1ondemne
d 1onventional
2ousing 3nits
2ousing 9eeds
@ccumulated or
1urrent 2ousing 9eeds
0ecurrentGFuture
2ousing 9eeds
9umber of 2ousing
3nits for 9e)
2ouseholds
9umber of 2ousing
3nits to 0eplace
Inventory
Eosses
he follo)ing chart )ill sho) the diferent components that
go into the estimation of housing construction(

Formula for .eneral Method( #6ased on the proposed adaptation$
2ousing needs are de-ned as the number of conventional
housing units that need to be constructed to bring housing
conditions as of a particular time, up to national adopted standards
#this represents the physical aspect$' @nother )ay of de-ning this is
the number that needs to be maintained and repaired to ensure that
housing conditions remain at the standard level over a stated period
of time' #his represents the social aspect$
;mploying the .eneral Method, 2ousing needs on 2ousing
construction is computed as the total of the t)o(
2ousing 9eeds Q @ccumulated or 1urrent 9eeds R Future or
0ecurrent 9eeds
i' @ccumulated 2ousing needs Q @1 R @2R @% R @C
@1 Q 9umber of 2ousing 3nits #23s$ for homeless
households
%?
@2 Q 9umber of 23s for households living in barong-
barong or ma&eshift material and in other unacceptable
type of housing'
@% Q 9umber of 23s for doubled-up households
@C Q 9umber of 23s to replace dilapidated housing at the
initial period of estimates
ii' 0ecurrent or Future 2ousing 9eeds Q F1 R F2
)here(
F1 Q 9umber of 2ousing 3nits #23s$ reAuired for ne)
households
F2 Q 9umber of 23s to replace housing units lost due to
obsolescence,
Soods, -re, slum clearance, urban rene)al, construction of
high)ays, etc' #!riority is given to households )hose 23s
got lost'$
Formula for 1rude Method #his formula )ill be employed if there
are no data available as inputs to the .eneral Method
3sing the same symbols as used in the .eneral Method, )e
have the simpli-ed formula to arrive at a crude estimate of housing
needs'
2ousing 9eeds #1rude$ Q @% R F1 R r #3$
)here( @% and F1 are de-ned above,

r Q percent rate at )hich acceptable housing units )ill need
to be replaced during the period
3 Q 9umber of 23s of acceptable type'
9ote( 2ousing units of acceptable type are those made of
permanent and semi-permanent d)ellings of conventional
type' a&e note that the crude method e+cludes an estimate of
unacceptable type )hich could easily be discerned from 1!2
data' !erhaps )e can add this to the crude method eAuation
above to provide more or less a rough estimate of the housing
need at a particular time'
a' 2omeless( he estimates of housing need are based on
the number of households living in caves, abandoned
buses, etc and those living in non-residential buildings at
the time of the census such as agricultural, commercial
and industrial buildings'
b' 2ouseholds( @t present, the !// does not have oIcial
pro4ection data on households but every census year, the
1!2/ produces pro4ections on population for the ne+t 20
years from the census year' 3sually, for planning
purposes, the 1!2/ recommends the use of the medium
assumptions and this can be used for estimating the
number of households by )hich housing stoc& can also
be derived in the future by using percentages computed
from 1!2 for the housing sector'
%B

For the 2ousing /upport and /ervices, this is a ne) attempt to
separate the social aspects of housing in the estimate of housing
needs' he proposed frame)or& )hich may be loo&ed into more
closely involves enure /ecurity, /ite "evelopment, /lum 3pgrading,
2ome repair and 2ousing Finance'
Most of the data that )ill be used in setting up the benchmar&
)ill come from administrative records of Jey 2ousing agencies,
e+cept house repair )hich can be derived from the 1!2 data
particularly on the 1ondition #/tate of 0epair$ of 6uildings
#residential$'
%>

For enure /ecurity, the 16Ms list of cities and municipalities
)ith a list of informal settlers may be used as benchmar& data in the
absence of a more complete list of areas )here informal settlers are
located'
For /ite "evelopment, 92@ may have a list of 1M! pro4ects for
Metro Manila and the local government may have also some list to
provide for benchmar& data' In the 3"2@ implementation, the E.3s
are mandated to implement /ection B )hich reAuires the conduct of
an inventory of all lands and improvements )ithin their localities in
coordination )ith the 2E306 and to update this inventory every
three years and furnish the 23"11 a copy including updates'
/ection > provides for the identi-cation of sites for sociali,ed
housing and the E.3s in coordination )ith 92@, 2E306, 9ational
Mapping 0esource Information @uthority #9@M0I@$, and the Eand
Management 6ureau #EM6$ shall identify lands for sociali,ed housing
and resettlement areas, ta&ing into consideration the degree of
availability of basic services and facilities, their accessibility and
pro+imity to 4ob sites and other economic opportunities, and the
actual number of registered bene-ciaries' If all these areas are
identi-ed, then these can be programmed for implementation so
that 2ousing /upport and /ervices can be planned adeAuately to
reali,e the provisions of the sociali,ed housing la)'
For /lum 3pgrading, 1learance, the benchmar& data may
come from the inventory of areas identi-ed by the local
governments in accordance )ith the provisions of 3"2@ although
the 92@ and 2E306 may have its o)n listing of @rea for !riority
"evelopment #@!"s$ as a start up data for this frame)or&'
2ousing Finance is measured by the number of residential unit
construction -nanced by the government and loan
availmentGreleases or the volume of mortgage ta&e-outs or
purchases' Financing institution such as 2.1, 2"MF, /// and ./I/
have data on this'
%=
2ousing /upport and /ervices
enure
/ecurity
2ouse
0epair
/ite
"evelopmen
t
/lum
3pgrading
2ousing
9eeds
2ousing
Finance
In addition to the housing need, there is a need to monitor the
housing supply vis-8-vis establishment of its frame)or&' For the
construction of housing units, housing supply is the stoc& or those
housing units recorded in 1ensus as benchmar&ed data and those
units constructed in addition to )hat )as recorded in the census'
he latter is in the form of construction of ne) units for open mar&et
housing, economic housing, sociali,ed housing, condominium and
simple subdivision'
@s to the housing support and services, housing supply is
seen as the current inventory of areas needing services #such as
those covered by 1M!, @!"s$ and the stoc& or those
upgradedGimproved housing units recorded in 1ensus as
benchmar&ed data'
In the 39 component method, failure to meet housing
reAuirements as they occur has resulted in a mounting bac&log of
housing needs the magnitude of )hich eAuals or even e+ceeds the
e+isting supply of housing in some countries' herefore, -o%#"n!
=a+,$o! is the diference of 2ousing 9eeds and @ccomplishment at
C0
/toc&
#6enchmar&
from 1ensus$
;conom
ic
/ociali,
ed
2ousing /upply( 1onstruction of 3nits
2ousing
/upply
1onstruction of
9e) 2ousing
3nits
/toc& of
2ousing 3nits
2ousing /upport and /ervices
2ousing
/upply
1urrent
Inventory of
@reas 9eeding
/ervices
/toc& of
3pgradedG
Improved 3nits
2<3/I9. 9;;"/
2<3/I9. 9;;"/
@0.;
@0.;
@11<M!EI/2M;
9
@11<M!EI/2M;
9
6ac&lo
g
time #t$' his can be decomposed into t)o components, that is, the
bac&log is the sum of(
a' he diference bet)een housing needs and targets, and
b' he diference bet)een targets and accomplishments'
Ho%#"n! &a+,$o! "s simply the unmet needs' argets and
@ccomplishments herein are those goal statements and those
implemented plans and programs in previous year by concerted
eforts of the government and private sectors' his is true for both
construction of units and housing support and services' o illustrate(
DCn"t"on o) Trm#
2ousing 3nit H structurally separate and independent place of abode
constructed, converted or arranged for habitation by one household'
For census purposes, structures or parts of structures not intended
for habitation such as commercial, industrial, and agricultural
buildings, or natural and man-made shelters such as caves, boats,
abandoned truc&s, culverts, etc' but used as living Auarters by
households are also considered as housing units' #/ource( 9/<$
@cceptable housing unit H #conventional housing units$ intended for
habitation by one household and is not used )holly for other
purposes' ;+amples of d)ellings are houses, Sats, suites of rooms,
apartments, etc' he term d)elling is limited to housing unit located
in permanent building and designed for occupancy by one
household although at the time of the census, it may be vacant or
occupied by one or more households, or by a part of a household
#/ource( 39 )ith adaptation$'
3nacceptable housing unit H improvised housing units such as
shanties, houses made of ma&eshift or salvaged materials, and
those d)ellings not intended for human habitation #such as
agriculturalGindustrialGcommercials units, tents, carts, trailers,
C1
abandoned trains, caves, etc'$' For urban, this includes those made
up of Sammable materials such as nipa, cogon, bamboo and
salvaged materials' 2o)ever, for rural areas, housing units made of
non-timber materials are acceptable type' #/ource( 39 )ith
adaptation$
@ccumulated needs H #current needs$ housing needs that e+ist at
the beginning of the !lan !eriod covered by the estimate, and
include the follo)ing components(
a' 9umber of 2ousing 3nits )hich are of acceptable type
of living Auarters reAuired to provide for(
2ouseholds )ithout shelter #homeless$
2ouseholds occupying living Auarters of an
unacceptable type
2ouseholds that are doubled-up )ith other
households )ith the assumption that all those
doubled-up households are in need of separate
housing accommodation
b' 9umber of acceptable housing units )hich are
dilapidated or condemned to be replaced #/ource( 39
)ith adaptation$'
0ecurrentGfuture needs H housing needs e+pected to arise during the
!lan !eriod covered by the estimates, it could be annual, medium
term, or long term' hese are the sum of the number of housing
units reAuired to provide to ne) households covered by the !lan
!eriod* and the replacement of housing units of acceptable type that
)ere lost during the period covered by the estimates' Eosses
include housing units lost due to obsolescence, Soods, -re, urban
rene)alGslum clearance, etc' his can be done by age and
construction materials based on trends observed bet)een censuses'
#/ource( 39 )ith adaptation$
"oubled-up households H total number of households in acceptable
housing units at the time of estimation and subtracting from this the
number of occupied acceptable housing units' In doubled-up
households, there is a primary household )hile the rest are
secondary households' #/ource( 39 )ith adaptation$
1onstruction materials H used for roof and #e+terior$ )all of a
housing unit' 1ensuses classify construction materials separately for
the roof and )alls but of the same type, that is(
a' <uter Malls( 1oncreteGbric&Gstone, )ood, half
concreteGbric&GstoneG )ood, galvani,ed ironGaluminum,
bambooGsa)aliGcogonGnipa, glass, asbestos,
ma&eshiftGsalvagedG improvised materials, others, no
)alls
b' 0oof( galvani,ed ironGaluminum, tileGconcreteGclay tile,
half galvani,ed iron, half concrete, )ood, cogon, nipa,
anaha), asbestos, ma&eshiftG salvagedGimprovised
materials, others #/ource( 1!2$'
enure /ecurity H refers to the degree of protection aforded to
Auali-ed !rogram bene-ciaries against infringement or un4ust,
reasonable and arbitrary eviction or disposition, by virtue of the
right of o)nership, lease agreement, usufruct and other contractual
arrangements #/ource( 3"2@$'
C2
/ite "evelopment H the term is employed to describe both the
preparation of land to facilitate the construction of individual houses
and the upgrading of residential areas )hich have already been
settled #/ource( 92@$'
/lum 3pgrading H entails the acAuisition and on-site improvement of
occupied lands through the introduction of roads or alleys and basic
services such as )ater and po)er #/ource( 92@$'
2ome 0epair H a rene)al of any part of an e+isting building )ithout
altering the structure for the purpose of its maintenance #/ource(
9;"@$'
2ousing Finance H the comprehensive funds So) system covering
the entire housing provision cycle from identi-cation of -nancial
reAuirements, fund sourcing for various aspects of housing program,
such as lot acAuisition, development and construction, to end-
buyers -nancing' his is usually housing assistance in a form of loan
for housing start #/ource( 2.1$'
2ousing supply #3nits$ H the stoc& or those housing units recorded in
1ensus as benchmar&ed data and those units constructed in
addition to )hat )as recorded in the census'
2ousing /toc& #3nits$ H 0efers to the number of d)elling units
e+isting at a certain place and at a given time' he component
identi-es the stoc& of housing units that adeAuately satis-es the
reAuirements of a housing condition #/ource( !/"! 2005-2010$'
1onstruction of ne) units H in the form of construction of ne) units
for open mar&et housing, economic housing, sociali,ed housing,
condominium and simple subdivision'
2ousing /upply #upgrading$ H seen as the current inventory of areas
needing services #such as those covered by 1M!, @!"s$ and the
stoc& or those upgradedGimproved housing units recorded in 1ensus
as benchmar&ed data
1urrent inventory of areas needing services H an all on-site )or&,
from site preparation, e+cavation, foundation, assembly of all
components and installation of utilities and eAuipment of
buildingsGstructures'
2ousing /toc& #upgrading$ H upgradedGimproved housing units
recorded in 1ensus as benchmar&ed data
2ousing 6ac&log H #unmet needs$* the diference of 2ousing 9eeds
and @ccomplishment at time #t$' his can be decomposed into t)o
components, that is, the bac&log is the sum of( #i$ he diference
bet)een housing needs and targets, and
#ii$ he diference bet)een targets and accomplishments'
PROPOSED STATISTICAL FRAMEWORK ON HOUSING
C%
Cat!or;/Var"a=$#
In*"+ator# ?*"#a!!r!at*
=; Ur=an an* R%ra$
+$a##"C+at"onA
FrB%n+
; o)
A'a"$a="$"
t;
So%r+
Ho%#"n! N*#. Con#tr%+t"on o) Un"t#
@ccumulated needs "oubled-up 2ouseholds
0eplacements from housing
stoc&
;very
census
years
9/<
0ecurrentGfuture
needs
!ro4ected population
!ro4ected households
2ousehold si,e by
regionGprovince
;very
census
years
9/<
"oubled up
households
otal households in a 1ensus
otal number of <ccupied
2ousing 3nits
;very
census
years
9/<
0eplacement from
2ousing /toc&
2ousing 1ensus data by ype
of construction materials
;very
census
years
9/<
2ousing !roduction
1' /ociali,ed
housing
2' ;conomic
housing
%' <pen Mar&et
housing,
1ondominium,
/ubdivision
C' ;mployment
5' 0esidential
building
construction
9umber constructed in
resettlement sites
@mount invested in sociali,ed
housing
9o' of !ag-I6I.G/// members
availed of housing loans
9umber of
condominiumGunits approved
for sold
9o' of ./I/ members availed
of housing loans
@mount spent on housing
#!ag-I6I., ///, ./I/$
9umber of d)ellings
constructed by geographic
area
9umber of persons employed
by the housing construction
industry
9umber of ")elling units
constructed by type of
building
;stimated cost of
construction of residential
buildings
@nnually
@nnually,
if possible
@nnually
@nnually
@nnually
@nnually
1ensus
yearG
3pdating
XuarterlyG
1ensus
year
92@G23"11G2E
306
!ag-I6I.G///
2E306
./I/
!rivate sector

9/<
16M/
EF/, 1!6I- 9/<
6uilding
permits- 9/<
Ho%#"n! N*#. Ho%#"n! S%pport an* Sr'"+#
1' enure /ecurity
2' /lum upgrading
%' Informal settlers
C' 6asic services
5' 2omeless people
0ight of o)nership, lease
agreement, usufruct and
other contractual
arrangements
9o' of bene-ciaries
Inventory of areas
@rea for !riority "evelopment
"istribution of informal
settlers by geographic
areaG16M/ site
!ercent households )ith
toilet facilities
!ercent households )ith
electricity
@nnually
@nnually
@nnually
@nnually
1ensus,
every 5
years
!er
updating
@nnualG
census
23"11
92@
E.3s
92@
9/<
16M/
"/M"G9/<
9/<
9/<
9/<
CC
Cat!or;/Var"a=$#
In*"+ator# ?*"#a!!r!at*
=; Ur=an an* R%ra$
+$a##"C+at"onA
FrB%n+
; o)
A'a"$a="$"
t;
So%r+
?' 2ome 0epairG
1ondition of
building
B' /ite
"evelopment
!ercent households )ith
)ater system
"istribution by geographic
area
!ercent of occupied housing
units dilapidatedGcondemned
!ercent of occupied housing
units needing ma4or repair
9o' of 1M! bene-ciaries by
geographic area
@nnual
1ensus,
every 5
years
92@
Ho%#"n! S%pp$;. Con#tr%+t"on o) Un"t#/ Ho%#"n! Sto+,
1' Inventory of
2ousing 3nits
2' ype of 6uilding
%' 1onstruction
materials
C' Floor area
5' Pear 6uilt
?' enure
9umber by geographic area
9umber and percent
acceptableG unacceptable
housing units
9umber of units by type of
construction materials
2ousing density by
geographic area
Pear built by construction
materials
EotGhousing unit o)nership
1ensus
years
FI;/, %
years
9/<
Ho%#"n! S%pp$;. Ho%#"n! S%pport an* Sr'"+#/ En)or+mnt on Ho%#"n!
1' 2ousing /toc& for
upgrading
2' /ubdivision
planning
%' 1ondominium
C' Inventory of sites
for sociali,ed
housing
9umber upgradedGimproved
9umber of residential
subdivisions issued licenses
to sell by geographic area
9umber of lots in pro4ects
issued licenses to sell
9umber of housing units in
condominium approved to
sell units
9umber of E.3s that
submitted list of sites for
sociali,ed housing and
potential bene-ciaries
1ensus
year
@nnually
@nnually
@nnually
@nnually
until all
E.3s
comply
9/<
2E306
2E306
2E306
2E306
2ousing 6ac&log otal 2ousing 9eeds
2ousing arget
2ousing @ccomplishments
@nnually
@nnually
2ousing sector
2ousing sector
C5