SPSS


2006-2007

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Type of Data :


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 -1 Qualitative or Categorical Data :

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220
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1600 = 220
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160
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28 280
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20 200
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22 220
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: Collecting Data :
:
-1 Personal Interview




.
-2 Direct Observation






.
-3 Questionnaire



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SPSS
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" " SPSS 11.0
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12


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open

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Redo

Goto Chart

Goto Case

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Find

Insert Case

Insert Variable

Split File

Weight Cases

Select Cases

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Undo

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Use Sets

spss

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barakat
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15

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barakat

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10-5

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2
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16

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10-5

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" SPSS 11.0
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Name
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Numeric SPSS

Width 8 8
Decimal Places 2

Width Decimal

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18

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Date

mm/ dd/ yy
mm dd yy .
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505,487.14,$
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" Suffix " Negative Values
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20

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21

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22

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SPSS :


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Missing
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23

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Range of missing values

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Measure

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10 . SPSS

24

10-5

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5 10-5 10

3
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1

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25

3
4

: q3,
q2, q1
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26

 .2
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: q1, q2, q3

:
Compute Transform :

27

 Target Variable sum1

.
Numeric Expression q1+q2+q3


Numeric Expression
Type&Lable :

Label Continue Ok
:

28

 :1

SUM
Functions Numeric
) Expression sum(q1,q2,q3 ) sum(q1 to q3

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29

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= 1 5
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30

 Continue Compute Variable

If ... Ok
" "
5
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5 10

Compute Variable: if Cases :
31

= &1= 2 = and 1=2

and
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5 10
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5
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Data
Select Cases :

32

 :
Select If condition is
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= 1 Continue
Select Cases
Unselected Cases Are

: Filtered
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) 0 (Not Selected
" " / .

33

 All Cases
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.
Filtered Ok
:

34

 Deleted Unselected Cases

:

:
Data Select Cases Select Cases Random sample of cases
Select
Sample :

Approximately

60 %60 .
Exactly n
6 Exactly
10 6
10.
.Exactly Continue
Ok :

35

Select Cases
Based on time or case range :

3 First Cases 7 Last Cases

.

Use Filter Variable
Ok
.

Templates

[
) (5 ) (4) (3) (2
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:
36

 .1
Variable
. View
.2 q3

. Copy
.3 q3
Edit Past Variable
:

-4 4
Number of new variables
New variable names q

4 .
) 4 q4 .Ok

Saving Data

.1 Save As File
:

37

.4

.2 Save In "
" " " File
Name SPSS*.sav
Save as type . .Save
SPSS Exit SPSS . File

.1 File Open Data
.

.2 :
.Open

Delete
Edit Copy
Edit . Past

38


.1

)( Insert Variable

.
) Insert Variable
(
Var00001

.2

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.1 .
) Insert Case
(
.

Go To Case

.1 Go To Case Data
Go To Case

Finding Values

.1 ) (q3
.1q
.2 Edit Find :

39

 .3 4 Find
what

and

Importing

Exporting

SPSS Excel Access
) ( .

Excel ) Access ( .

Exporting Data
SPSS Excel Save As
File :

.2

Save as type Excel *.xls

Excel
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.Save

.1

40

.3

Excel Open
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Importing Data

Excel
SPSS :
.1 SPSS Open File
File of Type
SPSS
Excel*.xls
.2 .Ok

Creating charts

.

.



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:
" _ "
" _ " Numeric
:

41

.1

)(Summaries for groups of cases
:
.
.1: Graphs Bar :

.2 Simple
.3 Data in Chart Are Summaries for groups of
cases
.4 Define :

42

 .5 Bars Represent Other summary

function
.6 "_ "
Variable
Mean
Change
Summary .

.7 " "
Category Axis
.
.8 Titles :

43

 . Continue Ok
:

.4

.9

Chart Window
:

44

 .10 ) T (Text

Text Styles Arabic Transparent
12 . Apply
.
.11

Center :

45

 .12
.
.13 Close File :

:
.
.1: Clustered
) ( Simple Summaries of separate
variables .

46

 .3 Define :

.4 " _ " " _ "

Bars Represent " "
Category Axis .Ok
.5 .

47

600

500

Mean

400

300

:

: Bar Chart Simple
Dada in chart are Summaries of separate variable
Define :

48

 " _ " " _

Bars Represent Ok
:
540

529

520

500

Mean

480

460

452

440

)Clustered Bar
(Charts
49

 :
.
"
" )category
(Variable "
"
:
.1

Graphs Bar :

.2 Clustered Data in Chart Are

Summaries for groups of cases Define
:

50

 .3 " _ " Variable

" " Category Axis "
" Define Clustered by Ok
) (Chart Carousel
Chart Window


:

600

507
493

400

400

385

10-5

Mean

500

350

10

300

:
:

10
7
5

51

 .1 ) (Data Editor
" _ " " " "
" " "
.
.2 Graphs Bar :

.3 Simple
Data in Chart Are
Values of individual cases
Define
:
4

.4 . : " Bar
Represent Gategory Lables
Variable " _ "
Variable Ok
.5 Chart Carousel
Chart Windows

52

 . Chart Windows
. Chart Carousel

11

10

10

Value

5
4

:
:
.1 Graph Pie :

53

.3

Values of individual cases Define

:

.4

" " Slices Represent

Variable Slice Labels
" _ "
Variable Ok

.

54

.5

Chart Window
:

.6

) ( Value
Percents
.
Format :

.7

55

.8

Position Outside
Continue Ok
:

5.00 / 22.7%

10.00 / 45.5%

7.00 / 31.8%

:
56

 :
.
:
Graph Scatter :
.1
.2

Simple Define :

57

.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
"_ " Y Axis
_" X Axis Ok
:
700

600

400

300
700

600

500

400

500

.4 :

Chart Options :

58

.5

Total File
Options :

.6

Linear regression Continue OK

:

59

700

600

400

300
700

500

600

500

400

60

:

5
5 10

:
.1 Analyze Report
OLAP Cubes :

.2

) Summary Variable(s " _"

" _ " )Grouping Variable (s

61

 " " " " .

.4 ...Statistics :

Mean Standard Deviation
Minimum Maximum Sum

Number of Cases
Cell Statistics Continue
. OLAPS Cubes
62

 .5 Title
:

Continue Ok

:
OLAP Cubes
Case Processing Summary

Totala
N

Percent

Cases
Exclauded
N
Percent

Inclauded
N
Percent

100.0%

10

.0%

100.0%

10

100.0%

10

.0%

100.0%

10

*
*
*
*

OLAP Cubes
Totala :
Totala :
N
10
10

Sum
$4,520
$5,290

Maximum
$600
$650

Minimum
63 $350
$440

Std. Deviation
$75.836
$66.072

Mean
$452.00
$529.00

 .6
$450 $529
.

.7 " "
:
$380.00
.8


" 5 " :
" " "
5 " . $385

Crosstabulations

64



) (
) (Categorical Variables
.
)(two-way crostabulation
. ) multi-way
(crostabulation

.1 Analyze Descriptive Statistics

Crosstabs
Crosstabs

65

 .2 " " )Row(s

" " ) Column(s
Display clustered bar charts
Cells :

66

 .3 Row Column
. Percentage Continue Ok
:
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary

Totala
Percent
100.0%

N
10

Cases
Missing
N
Percent
0
.0%

Valaid
N
Percent
10
100.0%

* Crosstabulation

Totala
4
100.0%
40.0%
6
100.0%
60.0%
10
100.0%
100.0%

10 10-5
1
1
25.0%
25.0%
25.0%
25.0%
3
3
50.0%
50.0%
75.0%
75.0%
4
4
40.0%
40.0%
100.0%
100.0%

5
2
50.0%
100.0%

2
20.0%
100.0%

67

Count
% within
% within
Count
% within
% within
Count
% within
% within

Totala

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

5
10-5

1.0

10

.5

.4
" "
" 5" 2

5 %50
5
%50 %100
5
%100
.
.5
.

68

" "

:
) Multi-way

(crosstabulation
.1 Descriptive statistics Analyze
Crosstabs
:

69

: 2.
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary

Totala
Percent
100.0%

N
10

Cases
Missing
N
Percent
0
.0%

Valaid
N
Percent
10
100.0%

* *

* * Crosstabulation

Totala
1
100.0%
16.7%
5
100.0%
83.3%
6
100.0%
100.0%
3
100.0%
75.0%
1
100.0%
25.0%
4
100.0%
100.0%

10 10-5 5
1

100.0%
100.0%
3
2

60.0%
40.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1
3
2

16.7%
50.0%
33.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
1
1
1

33.3%
33.3%
33.3%
100.0%
100.0%
50.0%
1

100.0%
50.0%
1
1
2

25.0%
25.0%
50.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%

Count
% within
% within
Count
% within
% within
Count
% within
% within

Count
% within
% within
=
Count
3.5
% within
% within
Count
3.0
% within
% within
2.5

1.5

10-5

1.0

10

.5

70

2.0

Totala

Totala

=
1.1

1.0

.9

.7

10-5

.6

10

.5

.8

.5

.1 )(Central Tendency
mean .
Median %50
.
Mode .

.2 Dispersion

Slandered Deviation
.
Variance
Range .
Minimum
Maximum

71

 S.E.mean

.

.3 Distribution

: Skew ness



.

.
.
: Kurtosis

.


.
Quartiles
) Percentile(s

.1

Frequencies
Analayze Descriptive Statistics

Frequencies
:
72

.2

Statistics :

73

.3

Continue :
Charts :

.4

Histograms With normala carve

Continue Frequency Ok
:

74

Frequencies
Statistics
N
Mean
Std. Error of Mean
Median
Mode
Std. Deviation
Variance
Skewness
Std. Error of Skewness
Kurtosis
Std. Error of Kurtosis
Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Percentilaes

10
0
$452.00
$23.981
$455.00
$400
$75.836
$5,751.111
.567
.687
.113
1.334
$250
$350
$600
$4,520
$352.00
$376.00
$392.50
$400.00
$420.00
$455.00
$466.00
$491.00
$505.00
$516.00
$592.00

Valaid
Missing

10
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
75
80
90

Frequency Table

75

10
0
$529.00
$20.894
$520.00
$500
$66.072
$4,365.556
.435
.687
-.351
1.334
$210
$440
$650
$5,290
$441.00
$458.00
$480.00
$493.00
$500.00
$520.00
$546.00
$564.00
$577.50
$594.00
$645.00

Valaid

$350
$370
$400
$450
$460
$470
$500
$520
$600
Totala

Frequency
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
10

Percent
10.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
100.0

Valaid Percent
10.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
100.0

Cumulaative
Percent
10.0
20.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0

Valaid

$440
$450
$490
$500
$540
$550
$570
$600
$650
Totala

Frequency
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
10

Percent
10.0
10.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
100.0

Histogram

76

Valaid Percent
10.0
10.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
100.0

Cumulaative
Percent
10.0
20.0
30.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0

3.5
3.0
2.5

1.5
1.0
Std. Dev = 75.84

.5

Mean = 452.0
N = 10.00

0.0
600.0

550.0

500.0

450.0

77

400.0

350.0

Frequency

2.0

3.5
3.0
2.5

1.5

Frequency

2.0

1.0
Std. Dev = 66.07

.5

Mean = 529.0
N = 10.00

0.0
650.0

600.0
625.0

550.0
575.0

500.0
525.0

450.0
475.0

Descriptive

.1 Analayze Descriptive Statistics

Descriptives :

78

 .2 " _" " _"

). Variablae(s

.3 Option :
.5
.6

Continue
. Descriptives
Save standardized valaues as
) variablaes ( Ok
:
Descriptives

Descriptive Statistics
Skewness
Statistic
Std. Error
.567
.687
.435
.687

Std.
Deviation
Statistic
$75.836
$66.072

Mean
Statistic
$452.00
$529.00

79

N
Statistic
10
10
10

)Valaid N (laistwise

.7

z x
x
x
:

) Explore (



:
.1 Analayze Descriptive Statistics
Explaore :

80

 .2 " _ " Dependent

List " " Factor List
) Displaay
Both Statistics Plaots
(Both

Statistics :
.3 ) Descriptive ( M-Estimators
)
( ) Outlaiers


) Percentilaes (
Continue .Explaore
.4 Plaots :

81

 .5 Factor laevela together

Descriptive Stem-and-laeaf Histogram
Continue Explaore
Ok :
Explore

:
.

Case Processing Summary

Totala
Percent
100.0%
100.0%

N
6
4

Cases
Missing
N
Percent
0
.0%
0
.0%

Valaid
Percent
6
100.0%
4
100.0%

. :
Confidence interval for mean 95%
%95
.
Trimmed Mean 5%
%5
%5 .
Interquartile Range

.
.

82

Descriptives

Mean
95% Confidence
Intervala for Mean

Statistic
$488.33
$416.11

Lower Bound
Upper Bound

5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartilae Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
95% Confidence
Intervala for Mean

Std. Error
$28.097

$560.56
$487.04
$480.00
4736.667
$68.823
$400
$600
$200
$102.50
.605
.620
$397.50
$313.93

Lower Bound
Upper Bound

.845
1.741
$26.260

$481.07

5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartilae Range
Skewness
Kurtosis

$396.11
$385.00
2758.333
$52.520
$350
$470
$120
$97.50
1.165
1.085

1.014
2.619

:

.
M-Estimators

Huber's
a
M-Estimator
$482.01
$385.00

Tukey's
b
Biweight
$475.72
$380.06

Hampela's
c
M-Estimator
$481.85
$387.45

a. The weighting constant is 1.339.

b. The weighting constant is 4.685.
c. The weighting constants are 1.700, 3.400, and 8.500
d. The weighting constant is 1.340*pi.

83

Andrews'
d
Wave
$475.63
$380.00

 :
Percentiles

95
.
.

90
.
.

75
$540.00
$452.50
$520.00
$435.00

Percentilaes
50
$480.00
$385.00
$480.00
$385.00

25
$437.50
$355.00
$450.00
$360.00

10
$400.00
$350.00

5
$400.00
$350.00

Weighted
)Average(Definition 1
Tukey's Hinges

:
Extreme Valuesa
Valaue
$600
$520
$500
$400
$450
$460
$470
$400
$350
$370

Case Number
10
9
5
1
6
7
8
4
2
3

1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
2

Highest

Lowest

Highest

Lowest

a. The requested number of extreme valaues exceeds the number of

data points. A smalalaer number of extremes is displaayed.

84

Histogram
= For
2.5

2.0

1.0

Std. Dev = 68.82

1.5

.5

Mean = 488.3
N = 6.00

0.0
600.0

550.0

450.0

500.0

400.0

Histogram
= For
1.2
1.0
.8

.6
.4
Std. Dev = 52.52

.2

Mean = 397.5
N = 4.00

0.0
475.0

450.0

425.0

400.0

375.0

350.0

.
85

Stem-and-Leaf Plots

Stem-and-Leaf Plot for

=
Leaf
056
02
0

& Stem
4 .
5 .
6 .
100

)1 case(s

Frequency
3.00
2.00
1.00
Stem width:
Each leaf:

Stem-and-Leaf Plot for

=
Leaf
57
0
7

& Stem
.
.
.
.

3
3
4
4
100

)1 case(s

Frequency
.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
Stem width:
Each leaf:

:

stem Leaf
. Stem width
:
0 4
5
.9

.

86

 = ) 0.1 +
(
: 3
5 :
100
:
= )350 = 100 (5 0.1 + 3

Box Plot

87

=N

700
680
660
640
620
600
580
560
540
520
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300

 .1 ) (

.2) 25 (
) (.
.3 ) 75 (
) (.
%50

.
.4

.5

.6

) :(extremes
) 3
( ) * (
) :(outliers
) 1.5
(
) .( o

:
:
.1
.
.2

.
.3

.
88



.1 $470
.2 $350
.3 %355
.4 ) ( $385
.5 $452
.6
.
.7 .

Correlation

89


...

r 1 . 1

1

1-

.

.

.

:
.1 ) : (Pearson


.2 ) : (Spearman

) (
) 8
5 8 5(

.
.3 ) : (Kandell,s tau
.
.4 ) : (Phi
)
( ) (.
.5 ) : (Cramers

)
( ) (

90



_ :

Utilities File Info
:
:

File Information

List of variables on the working file

Position

Name

91

Measurement Level: Nominal

Column Width: 8 Alignment: Center
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8
Value
1
2

Label

2
Measurement Level: Nominal
Column Width: 8 Alignment: Center
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8
Value

Label

1
2

3
Measurement Level: Scale
Column Width: 8 Alignment: Center
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8

4
Measurement Level: Scale
Column Width: 8 Alignment: Center
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8

5
Measurement Level: Scale
Column Width: 8 Alignment: Center
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8

6
Measurement Level: Scale
Column Width: 8 Alignment: Center
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8

92


7
Measurement Level: Scale
Column Width: 8 Alignment: Center
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8

"

:
.1 Analyze
Correlate
Bivariate
:
:

.2 " " " "

Variables
93

.3


Flag significant correlations
""

.
Ok :
.4

Correlations
Correlations

**.959
.000
10
1
.
10

1
.
10
**.959
.000
10

Pearson Correlaation
)Sig. (2-tailaed
N
Pearson Correlaation
)Sig. (2-tailaed
N

**. Correlaation is significant at the 0.01 laevela

(2-tailaed).

.5
tailed Significance = 0.000.2 .05

r 0.959
.

94

Variables
Bivariate Correlations :

Ok :

95

Correlations

Correlations

**.833
.003
10
**.811
.004
10
**.890
.001
10
1
.
10

**.780
.008
10
*.746
.013
10
1
.
10
**.890
.001
10

**.959
.000
10
1
.
10
*.746
.013
10
**.811
.004
10

1
.
10
**.959
.000
10
**.780
.008
10
**.833
.003
10

Pearson Correlaation
)Sig. (2-tailaed
N
Pearson Correlaation
)Sig. (2-tailaed
N
Pearson Correlaation
)Sig. (2-tailaed
N
Pearson Correlaation
)Sig. (2-tailaed
N

**. Correlaation is significant at the 0.01 laevela (2-tailaed).

*. Correlaation is significant at the 0.05 laevela (2-tailaed).

0.01

0.05
Scatter Plot

:
Graphs Scatter
.1
Scatterplot :

96

 Mtrix Define
.2
Mtrix :

Matrix Variables
.3
Ok :

97

: :
"
"
Analyze
Correlate Partial
:
" " " "
Variables " "
. :Controlling for Ok
:

98

Partial Correlation
_

C O E F F I C

C O R R E L A T I O N
I E N T S - -

Controlling for..

1.0000

P A R T I A L

- - -

0.9588

P= .000
P= .
0.9588
p=0.000
p=.

1.0000

)(Coefficient / (D.F.) / 2-tailed Significance

" . " is printed if a coefficient cannot be computed

tailed significance = -2

0.000 0.05 .
:
:
Graph Scatter Scatterplot :

Simple Define :
99

 " " Y Axis" " X Axis " "

Set Markers by Ok
:

100

90

70

60
100

90

70

80

100

60

80

:
+ Y = a x + bz + cw+.. . +d
Y . .. ,x, z, w

a,b,c,..,d .



.
: :
:

:
.1 Analayze Regression
Linear :

101

 .2 " " )Independent (s

" " . Dependent
Statistics :

.4
.5

Estimates, Model fit, Descriptives

Continue Linear
. Regression
Plots Scatterplot
Residuals Predicted values
Linear Regression: Plots:

102

.6

ZRESID Y ZPRED
X Continue
Ok :

:
.
Regression
Descriptive Statistics
N
10
10

Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443

Mean
4.50
78.50

0.949
.

Enter
Variables
Entered/Removedb
Correlations

.949
1.000
.000
.
10
10

Variablaes
Variablaes

Entered
Removed
Method
a

1.000

. Enter

Modela
Correlaation
1

a. Ala
la requested variablaes entered. .949
b. Dependent

Variabla
. e:

.000
10
10

Pearson

)Sig. (1-tailaed
N

R R2
0.902
.

103

Model Summaryb
Std. Error of
the Estimate
.670

Adjusted
R Square
.889

R Square
.902

R
.949a

Modela
1

a. Predictors: (Constant),
b. Dependent Variablae:

= Sig.
0.000 0.05
ANOVAb
Sig.
.000a

F
73.224

Mean Square
32.905
.449

df
1
8
9

Sum of
Squares
32.905
3.595
36.500

Regression
Residuala
Totala

Modela
1

a. Predictors: (Constant),
b. Dependent Variablae:

:
. B .Std.Error Standardization Beta

t Beta
.Sig Beta 0.05

.
:
= 0.202
11.396

104

Coefficientsa

Sig.
.000
.000

t
-6.095
8.557

Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.949

Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
-11.396
1.870
.202
.024

)(Constant

Modela
1

a. Dependent Variablae:

) ( Predicted valaues Residuala valaues

.
Charts

Scatterplaot
Dependent Variable:
2.0
1.5
1.0
.5
0.0
-.5
-1.0
-1.5
2.0

1.5

1.0

.5

0.0

-.5

-1.0

Regression Standardized Predicted Valaue

105

-1.5

Regression Standardized Residuala

 multiple Linear

Regression

:
: "
" " " "
" " " " :
:
.1 Analayze Regression
Linear :

:" Dependent
" " " " " " " "
) Independent(s Statistics
:

106

 .2 Estimates Model fit R squared

change Descriptive Continue
Linear Regression
.4
Method :
: Enter

.
:Stepwise


)
(

107



) (


.
: Remove
Block
.
: Backward

)
(
/
.
: Forward

) (









.
Enter Ok
.3
:

Regression

108


:
Descriptive Statistics
N
10
10
10
10
10

Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443
7.412
14.491
13.683

Mean
4.50
78.50
82.60
79.00
79.90

.
Correlations

.845
.833
.811
.890
1.000
.001
.001
.002
.000
.
10
10
10
10
10

.819
.780
.746
1.000
.890
.002
.004
.007
.
.000
10
10
10
10
10

.923
.959
1.000
.746
.811
.000
.000
.
.007
.002
10
10
10
10
10

.949
1.000
.959
.780
.833
.000
.
.000
.004
.001
10
10
10
10
10

1.000
.949
.923
.819
.845
.
.000
.000
.002
.001
10
10
10
10
10

Pearson Correlaation

)Sig. (1-tailaed

R
R2
0.919 F . 14.25
Model Summaryb
Change Statistics
Sig. F Change
.006

df2
5

df1
4

F Change
14.250

R Square
Change
.919

Std. Error of
the Estimate
.767

Adjusted
R Square
.855

R
R Square
.959a
.919

Modela
1

, , , a. Predictors: (Constant),
b. Dependent Variablae:

109


R2 Sig. = 0.006 0.05

.Sig 0.05


.

ANOVAb
Sig.
.006a

F
14.250

Mean Square
8.389
.589

Sum of
Squares
33.556
2.944
36.500

df
4
5
9

Regression
Residuala
Totala

Modela
1

, , , a. Predictors: (Constant),
b. Dependent Variablae:

= 0.135 2-104.26+
10-2 2.594 + 3-10 46-3.35 +

.4 Stepwise :
.
Regression

110

Descriptive Statistics
N
10
10
10
10
10

Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443
7.412
14.491
13.683

Mean
4.50
78.50
82.60
79.00
79.90

Correlations

.845
.833
.811
.890
1.000
.001
.001
.002
.000
.
10
10
10
10
10

.923
.959
1.000
.746
.811
.000
.000
.
.007
.002
10
10
10
10
10

.819
.780
.746
1.000
.890
.002
.004
.007
.
.000
10
10
10
10
10

.949
1.000
.959
.780
.833
.000
.
.000
.004
.001
10
10
10
10
10

1.000
.949
.923
.819
.845
.
.000
.000
.002
.001
10
10
10
10
10

Pearson Correlaation

)Sig. (1-tailaed

Model Summaryb
Change Statistics
Sig. F Change
.000

df2
8

df1
1

F Change
73.224

R Square
Change
.902

Std. Error of
the Estimate
.670

Adjusted
R Square
.889

R
R Square
.949a
.902

Modela
1

a. Predictors: (Constant),
b. Dependent Variablae:

111

ANOVAb
Modela
1

Sum of
Squares
32.905
3.595
36.500

Regression
Residuala
Totala

df

Mean Square
32.905
.449

1
8
9

F
73.224

Sig.
.000a

a. Predictors: (Constant),
b. Dependent Variablae:

0.202 + 11.396- =

Coefficientsa

Modela
1

(Constant)

Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
-11.396
1.870
.202
.024

Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.949

t
-6.095
8.557

Sig.
.000
.000

a. Dependent Variablae:

B
. Sig
Excluded Variablesb

Modela
1

Beta In
.157a
.200a
.176a

t
.379
1.152
.865

Sig.
.716
.287
.416

a. Predictors in the Modela: (Constant),

b. Dependent Variablae:

112

Partiala
Correlaation
.142
.399
.311

Colalainearity
Statistics
Tolaerance
8.050E-02
.392
.306

 .5 Remove :
Regression
Descriptive Statistics
N
10
10
10
10
10

Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443
7.412
14.491
13.683

Mean
4.50
78.50
82.60
79.00
79.90

Correlations

.845
.833
.811
.890
1.000
.001
.001
.002
.000
.
10
10
10
10
10

.819
.780
.746
1.000
.890
.002
.004
.007
.
.000
10
10
10
10
10

.923
.959
1.000
.746
.811
.000
.000
.
.007
.002
10
10
10
10
10

.949
1.000
.959
.780
.833
.000
.
.000
.004
.001
10
10
10
10
10

1.000
.949
.923
.819
.845
.
.000
.000
.002
.001
10
10
10
10
10

113

Pearson Correlaation

)Sig. (1-tailaed

Variables Entered/Removedc
Modela
1

Variablaes
Entered
,
, ,
a

2
.

Variablaes
Removed

Method
.

Enter

,
b, ,

Remove

a. Alala requested variablaes entered.

b. Alala requested variablaes removed.
c. Dependent Variablae:
Model Summary
Change Statistics
Modela
1
2

R
R Square
.959a
.919
b
.000
.000

Adjusted
R Square
.855
.000

Std. Error of
the Estimate
.767
2.014

R Square
Change
.919
-.919

F Change
14.250
14.250

df1

df2
4
4

5
13

Sig. F Change
.006
.006

a. Predictors: (Constant), , , ,
b. Predictor: (constant)

ANOVAc
Modela
1

Regression
Residuala
Totala
Regression
Residuala
Totala

Sum of
Squares
33.556
2.944
36.500
.000
36.500
36.500

df
4
5
9
0
9
9

Mean Square
8.389
.589

F
14.250

Sig.
.006a

.000
4.056

.b

a. Predictors: (Constant), , , ,
b. Predictor: (constant)
c. Dependent Variablae:

114

Coefficientsa

Modela
1

(Constant)

(Constant)

Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
-11.961
3.651
.135
.102
4.260E-02
.123
2.594E-02
.039
3.346E-03
.047
4.500
.637

Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.635
.157
.187
.023

t
-3.276
1.323
.348
.658
.071
7.066

Sig.
.022
.243
.742
.539
.946
.000

a. Dependent Variablae:

Excluded Variablesb

Modela
2

Beta In
.949a
.923a
.819a
.845a

t
8.557
6.788
4.031
4.465

Sig.
.000
.000
.004
.002

Colalainearity
Statistics
Tolaerance
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

Partiala
Correlaation
.949
.923
.819
.845

a. Predictor: (constant)
b. Dependent Variablae:

: Backward .6
Regression
Descriptive Statistics

Mean
4.50
78.50
82.60
79.00
79.90

Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443
7.412
14.491
13.683

115

N
10
10
10
10
10

Correlations
Pearson Correlaation

Sig. (1-tailaed)

1.000
.949
.923
.819
.845
.
.000
.000
.002
.001
10
10
10
10
10

.949
1.000
.959
.780
.833
.000
.
.000
.004
.001
10
10
10
10
10

.923
.959
1.000
.746
.811
.000
.000
.
.007
.002
10
10
10
10
10

.819
.780
.746
1.000
.890
.002
.004
.007
.
.000
10
10
10
10
10

b
Variables Entered/Removed

Modela
1

Variablaes
Entered
,
, ,
a

Variablaes
Removed

Method
.

Enter
Backward
(criterion:
Probabilait
y of
F-to-remo
ve >=
.100).
Backward
(criterion:
Probabilait
y of
F-to-remo
ve >=
.100).
Backward
(criterion:
Probabilait
y of
F-to-remo
ve >=
.100).

a. Alala requested variablaes entered.

b. Dependent Variablae:

116

.845
.833
.811
.890
1.000
.001
.001
.002
.000
.
10
10
10
10
10

Model Summary
Change Statistics
Modela
1
2
3
4

R
R Square
a
.959
.919
.959b
.919
c
.958
.917
d
.949
.902

Adjusted Std. Error of R Square

R Square the Estimate Change F Change
.855
.767
.919
14.250
.879
.701
.000
.005
.894
.657
-.002
.154
.889
.670
-.016
1.326

df1

df2
4
1
1
1

5
7
8
9

Sig. F Change
.006
.946
.708
.287

a. Predictors: (Constant), , , ,
b. Predictors: (Constant), , ,
c. Predictors: (Constant), ,
d. Predictors: (Constant),
ANOVAe
Modela
1

Regression
Residuala
Totala
Regression
Residuala
Totala
Regression
Residuala
Totala
Regression
Residuala
Totala

Sum of
Squares
33.556
2.944
36.500
33.553
2.947
36.500
33.478
3.022
36.500
32.905
3.595
36.500

df
4
5
9
3
6
9
2
7
9
1
8
9

Mean Square
8.389
.589

F
14.250

Sig.
.006a

11.184
.491

22.775

.001b

16.739
.432

38.768

.000c

32.905
.449

73.224

.000d

a. Predictors: (Constant), , , ,
b. Predictors: (Constant), , ,
c. Predictors: (Constant), ,
d. Predictors: (Constant),
e. Dependent Variablae:

117

Coefficientsa

Modela
1

(Constant)

(Constant)

(Constant)

(Constant)

Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
-11.961
3.651
.135
.102
4.260E-02
.123
2.594E-02
.039
3.346E-03
.047
-12.007
3.282
.136
.093
4.366E-02
.111
2.788E-02
.026
-10.981
1.868
.169
.037
2.779E-02
.024
-11.396
1.870
.202
.024

Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.635
.157
.187
.023
.639
.161
.201
.794
.200
.949

t
-3.276
1.323
.348
.658
.071
-3.658
1.470
.393
1.083
-5.880
4.571
1.152
-6.095
8.557

Sig.
.022
.243
.742
.539
.946
.011
.192
.708
.320
.001
.003
.287
.000
.000

a. Dependent Variablae:

Excluded Variablesd

Modela
2
3
4

Beta In
.023a
.036b
.161b
.176c
.157c
.200c

Sig.
.946
.906
.708
.416
.716
.287

.071
.123
.393
.865
.379
1.152

Partiala
Correlaation
.032
.050
.158
.311
.142
.399

Colalainearity
Statistics
Tolaerance
.156
.158
8.050E-02
.306
8.050E-02
.392

a. Predictors in the Modela: (Constant), , ,

b. Predictors in the Modela: (Constant), ,
c. Predictors in the Modela: (Constant),
d. Dependent Variablae:

: Forward .7
Regression

118

Descriptive Statistics
N
10
10
10
10
10

Mean
4.50
78.50
82.60
79.00
79.90

Std. Deviation
2.014
9.443
7.412
14.491
13.683

Correlations

.845
.833
.811
.890
1.000
.001
.001
.002
.000
.
10
10
10
10
10

.819
.780
.746
1.000
.890
.002
.004
.007
.
.000
10
10
10
10
10

.949
1.000
.959
.780
.833
.000
.
.000
.004
.001
10
10
10
10
10

.923
.959
1.000
.746
.811
.000
.000
.
.007
.002
10
10
10
10
10

1.000
.949
.923
.819
.845
.
.000
.000
.002
.001
10
10
10
10
10

Pearson Correlaation

Variables Entered/Removeda
Method
Forward
(Criterion:
Probabilait
y-of-F-to-e
=< nter
).050

Variablaes
Removed

Variablaes
Entered

Modela
1

a. Dependent Variablae:

119

)Sig. (1-tailaed

Model Summary
Change Statistics
Adjusted Std. Error of R Square
R
R Square R Square the Estimate Change F Change
a
.949
.902
.889
.670
.902
73.224

Modela
1

df1

df2
1

Sig. F Change
8
.000

a. Predictors: (Constant),
ANOVAb
Modela
1

Regression
Residuala
Totala

Sum of
Squares
32.905
3.595
36.500

df
1
8
9

Mean Square
32.905
.449

F
73.224

Sig.
.000a

t
-6.095
8.557

Sig.
.000
.000

a. Predictors: (Constant),
b. Dependent Variablae:

Coefficientsa

Modela
1

(Constant)

Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
-11.396
1.870
.202
.024

Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
.949

a. Dependent Variablae:

Excluded Variablesb

Modela
1

Beta In
.157a
.200a
.176a

t
.379
1.152
.865

Sig.
.716
.287
.416

Partiala
Correlaation
.142
.399
.311

Colalainearity
Statistics
Tolaerance
8.050E-02
.392
.306

a. Predictors in the Modela: (Constant),

b. Dependent Variablae:

120



:

.
:
.1 Analayze Regression
Curve Estimation :

.2 " " )Dependent(s

" " Variablae
" "
. Ok :
Curve Fit
MOD_2.

MODEL:

Independent:

Upper
b3

b2

b1

b0

.1138

-4.4868

bound

Sigf

d.f.

Rsq

.004

16.25

.670

121

Dependent Mth
LIN

.0028
-.0013 1.9E-05

-29.430 7.7965
11.2259 -511.64
9.5323 -.2880
2.9925
.4092 1.0295
.0006 2.0273
3.1829 -135.09
-.8935
.0291
.4092
.0291
2.4437
.9713

.006
.010
.010
.009
.001
.001
.002
.001
.001
.001

13.57
11.11
9.69
9.81
28.85
25.11
20.83
28.85
28.85
28.85

8
8
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8

.629
.581
.735
.737
.783
.758
.723
.783
.783
.783

LOG
INV
QUA
CUB
COM
POW
S
GRO
EXP
LGS

Notes:
9 Tolerance limits reached; some dependent variables were not entered.
Observed

Linear

Logarithmic
8
Inverse
7

Quadratic

Cubic

Compound
Pow er

Grow th

Exponentiala

Logistic

0
100

90

70

80

60

50

40

.3
Exponentiala )Y = LN(b0
+ b1 t

= lan(0.4092) + 0.0291

Exponentiala Curve Estimation
Ok :
122


9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
100

90

80

60

70

50

40

123


:
:Hypothesis :
. )
( HO . Ha
): HO (Null Hypothesis


.

Nul
) (.

): Alternative Hypothesis (Ha

.

:
%90 %95
%99 Significance Levels


( -1 ( %95
%5


.

124


.
) (:


.
: Employee
data SPSS
:

125

 Utilities Variables
:

. (variable information)
Utilities File Info
:
File Information
List of variables on the working file

Name
Position
ID

Employee Code
Measurement Level: Scale
Column Width: 5 Alignment: Right
Print Format: F4
Write Format: F4

GENDER

Gender
Measurement Level: Nominal
Column Width: 1 Alignment: Left

126

Print Format: A1
Write Format: A1
Value

Label

f
m

Female
Male

BDATE

Date of Birth
Measurement Level: Scale
Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right
Print Format: ADATE8
Write Format: ADATE8

EDUC

Educational Level (years)

Measurement Level: Ordinal
Column Width: 6 Alignment: Right
Print Format: F2
Write Format: F2
Missing Values: 0

JOBCAT

Employment Category
Measurement Level: Ordinal
Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right
Print Format: F1
Write Format: F1
Missing Values: 0
Value
1
2
3

Label
Clerical
Custodial
Manager

SALARY

Current Salary
Measurement Level: Scale
Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right
Print Format: DOLLAR8
Write Format: DOLLAR8
Missing Values: 0

SALBEGIN

Beginning Salary
Measurement Level: Scale
127

Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right

Print Format: DOLLAR8
Write Format: DOLLAR8
Missing Values: 0
JOBTIME

Months since Hire

Measurement Level: Scale
Column Width: 6 Alignment: Right
Print Format: F2
Write Format: F2
Missing Values: 0

PREVEXP

Previous Experience (months)

Measurement Level: Scale
Column Width: 6 Alignment: Right
Print Format: F6
Write Format: F6

MINORITY

Minority Classification
Measurement Level: Ordinal
Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right
Print Format: F1
Write Format: F1
Missing Values: 9
Value
0
1

10

Label
No
Yes

)Id
) ( Gender (
(f=female, m= male)
Educ
Bdate
Jobcat

(Clerical, 2 Custodial, 3 Manager 1)
Salbegin Salary
Jobtime
Prevexp
128

 Minority ) (No, 1 Yes 0

.

) (Comparing Mean

:
.
.1 Analyze Compare Means
Means :

:
.2 Salary Dependent List
Gender . :Independent List

129

 .3 Options :

.4 Statistics
Cell Statistics Anova table
and eta Continue
.5 :
Means

Case Processing Summary

Totala
Percent
100.0%

N
474

Cases
Exclauded
N
Percent
0
.0%

Inclauded
N
Percent
474
100.0%

130

Current Salaary * Gender





Report
Current Salaary
Skewness
1.863
1.639
2.125

Std. Deviation
$7,558.021
$19,499.214
$17,075.661

N
216
258
474

Mean
$26,031.92
$41,441.78
$34,419.57

Gender
Femalae
Malae
Totala

0.05 Sig. = 0 .
ANOVA Table
Sig.
.000

Mean
Square
F
2.792E+10 119.798
233046531

df
1
472
473

Sum of
Squares
2.79E+10
1.10E+11
1.38E+11

)(Combined

Current Salaary * Gender Between Groups

Within Groups
Totala

Measures of Association
Eta Squared
.202

Eta
.450

Current Salaary * Gender

) Jobcat
( Next Independent List
:

131

 Ok :
Report
Current Salaary
Skewness
1.421
-.019
1.863
2.346
-.368
1.193
1.639
1.905
-.368
1.181
2.125

Std. Deviation
$5,812.838
$8,501.253
$7,558.021
$7,997.978
$2,114.616
$18,051.570
$19,499.214
$7,567.995
$2,114.616
$18,244.776
$17,075.661

N
206
10
216
157
27
74
258
363
27
84
474

Mean
$25,003.69
$47,213.50
$26,031.92
$31,558.15
$30,938.89
$66,243.24
$41,441.78
$27,838.54
$30,938.89
$63,977.80
$34,419.57

Emplaoyment Category
Claericala
Manager
Totala
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
Totala
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
Totala

Gender
Femalae

Malae

Totala

132

 -
Kolmogrove-Smirov

: " :

. "0.05
:
.1 Analyze Nonparametric Tests
Sample K-S-1 :

.2 salary salbegin Test Variable

List Normal " ."
.3 Ok :
NPar Tests
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Beginning
Salaary
474
$17,016.09
$7,870.638
.252
.252
-.170
5.484
.000

Current Salaary
474
$34,419.57
$17,075.662
.208
.208
-.143
4.525
.000

Mean
Std. Deviation
Absolaute
Positive
Negative

133

N
Normala Parameters a,b
Most Extreme
Differences
Kolamogorov-Smirnov Z
)Asymp. Sig. (2-tailaed

a. Test distribution is Normala.

b. Calac ulaated from data.

 Sig. = 0.0
0.05

.

)T (T-Test

T )(One Sample T-Test

:
.1
30.
.2

: "
14"
:
Analyzes Compare Mean
One Sample T Test :

134

 .2 Educ ) Test Variable(s Test

Value 14 Ok :
T-Test

13.49

One-Sample Statistics
Std. Error
Mean
.133

Std. Deviation
2.885

Mean
13.49

N
474

)Educationala Levela (years

0.51 -
One-Sample Test Sig. = 0.00
0.05
14

14 t
= -3.837
14.
One-Sample Test
Test Valaue = 14
95% Confidence
Intervala of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
-.77
-.25

Mean
Difference
-.51

)Sig. (2-tailaed
.000

df
473

t
-3.837

)Educationala Levela (years

) SIGN TEST

(

Sign
Test :

135

 .1 Analyze Parametric Tests

Binomial :

.2 educ Test Variable List 14

Cut point Define Dichotomy
Ok :
NPar Tests
Binomial Test
Asymp. Sig.
)(2-tailaed
.291a

Test Prop.
.50

Observed
Prop.
.53
.47
1.00

Category
<= 14
> 14

N
249
225
474

Group 1
Group 2
Totala

)Educationala Levela (years

a. Based on Z Approximation.

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.291

0.05
14.

136

T Paired Sample T-

Test

.
:
H :
:
H :
:

2

:
.1
30.
.2
.

: " :

"
:
.1 Analyzes Compare Mean
Paired Sample T Test :

137

Paired salbegin ,salary

: Ok Variables

.3

T-Test

Paired Samples Statistics

Pair
1

Current Salaary
Beginning Salaary

Mean
$34,419.57
$17,016.09

Std. Error
Mean
$784.311
$361.510

Std. Deviation
$17,075.661
$7,870.638

474
474

0.88

Paired Samples Correlations

N
Pair
1

Current Salaary &

Beginning Salaary

Correlaation
474

Sig.

.880

.000

Sig. (2- tailed) = 0.00

0.05

.

Paired Samples Test

Mean
Pair
1

Current Salaary Beginning Salaary

$17,403.48

Paired Differences
95% Confidence Intervala
of the Difference
Std.
Std. Error
Deviation
Mean
Lower
Upper
$10814.62

$496.732 $16,427.41

138

$18,379.56

df

35.036

473

Sig.
(2-tailaed)
.000

Related 2
Samples


:
.1 Analayze Nonparametric tests
relaated samplaes 2 :

.2 salaary salabegin
Test Pair(s) List Wilacoxon Sign
. Ok

139

NPar Tests
Ranks
N
Beginning Salaary
- Current Salaary

474a
0b
0c
474

Negative Ranks
Positive Ranks
Ties
Totala

Mean Rank
237.50
.00

Sum of Ranks
112575.00
.00

a. Beginning Salaary < Current Salaary

b. Beginning Salaary > Current Salaary
c. Current Salaary = Beginning Salaary

Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

Test Statisticsb

Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailaed)

Beginning
Salaary Current Salaary
-18.865a
.000

a. Based on positive ranks.

b. Wilac oxon Signed Ranks Test

Sig. = 0.0

.

Sign Test
Frequencies
N
Beginning Salaary
- Current Salaary

Negative Differences a
Positive Differences b
Ties c
Totala

a. Beginning Salaary < Current Salaary

b. Beginning Salaary > Current Salaary
c. Current Salaary = Beginning Salaary

140

474
0
0
474

Test Statisticsa
Beginning
SalaaryCurrent Salaary
-21.726
.000

Z
)Asymp. Sig. (2-tailaed
a. Sign Test

Sign Test Sig.= 0.0

T Independent

sample T test


.

)Grouping Variablae
(or Factor

. ) (Test Variablae


) ( ) (
.

T :
.1

.2
T

T .
.3
.
141

 : "
"
:
.1 Analayze Compare Means
Independent Samplae T Test
:

.2 Salaary )Test Variablae(s

gender Grouping Variablae
Define Groups :

142

 m Group 1 f .3
Continue . Group 2
.
: Ok .4

Group Statistics
Gender
Femalae
Malae

Current Salaary

N
216
258

Mean
$26,031.92
$41,441.78

Std. Deviation
$7,558.021
$19,499.214

Std. Error
Mean
$514.258
$1,213.968

T-Test

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for
Equalaity of Variances

F
Current Salaary Equala variances
assumed
Equala variances
not assumed

119.669

Sig.
.000

t-test for Equalaity of Means

df

Sig. (2-tailaed)

Mean
Difference

95% Confidence Intervala of

the Difference
Std. Error
Difference
Lower
Upper

-10.945

472

.000

-$15,409.86 $1,407.906 -$18176.40 -$12643.32

-11.688

344.262

.000

-$15,409.86 $1,318.400 -$18003.00 -$12816.73

F= 9.669 ( Leven,s test) .5

Sig = 0.0
t= T
1.688
Sig=0.0
.

143

-) Mann-Whitney test (U- Test




.

: "
"
:
.1 Analayze Nonparametric tests
independent samplaes 2
:

144

Test Variablae List Salaary .2

Grouping Variablae Jobcat
1 Define Groups .3
" 2" Group 1
: Group 2

Ok Continue .4
:
NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks
Current Salaary

Emplaoyment Category
Claericala
Custodiala
Totala

N
363
27
390

Mean Rank
189.30
278.87

Test Statisticsa
Mann-Whitney U
Wilac oxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailaed)

Current Salaary
2649.500
68715.500
-3.984
.000

a. Grouping Variablae: Emplaoyment Category

145

Sum of Ranks
68715.50
7529.50

 Sig. = 0.0

0.05

Way

ANOVA

One

Factor Independent Variablae
Nominala Ordinala

.
Dependent Variablae

.


Factor



Post Hoc



.


) (Between Group

)Within
(Group
Residualas . Error

146

 :

) ( )
( F
F
F

F )
( Sig ) (
0.05 Sig 0.05
.Sig 0.05
.

: "
"0.05
:
.1 Analayze Compare Means
One-Way ANOVA :

.2 salaary Dependent List

Jobcat . Factor

147

 .3 Post Hoc :

.4 Bonferroni
Dunnetts c .
. Continue
.5 Options :
Homogeneity of variance test Continue
:

148

 .6 Ok :
Oneway

= , 59.733
Sig. = 0.0
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Current Salaary
Sig.
.000

df1

df2
471

Levene
Statistic
59.733

F=434.481 =Sig.
0.0

0.05

ANOVA
Current Salaary
Sig.
.000

F
434.481

Mean Square
4.472E+10
102925714.5

df
2
471
473

Sum of
Squares
8.94E+10
4.85E+10
1.38E+11

Between Groups
Within Groups
Totala

0.05

149

Post Hoc Tests .6

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variablae: Current Salaary

Bonferroni

(I) Emplaoyment Category

Claericala
Custodiala
Manager

Dunnett C

Claericala
Custodiala
Manager

Mean
Difference
(J) Emplaoyment Category
(I-J)
Custodiala
-$3,100.35
Manager
-$36,139.26*
Claericala
$3,100.35
Manager
-$33,038.91*
Claericala
$36,139.26*
Custodiala
$33,038.91*
Custodiala
-$3,100.35*
Manager
-$36,139.26*
Claericala
$3,100.35*
Manager
-$33,038.91*
Claericala
$36,139.26*
Custodiala
$33,038.91*

Std. Error
$2,023.760
$1,228.352
$2,023.760
$2,244.409
$1,228.352
$2,244.409
$568.679
$2,029.912
$568.679
$2,031.840
$2,029.912
$2,031.840

Sig.
.379
.000
.379
.000
.000
.000

95% Confidence Intervala

Lower Bound Upper Bound
-$7,962.56
$1,761.86
-$39,090.45
-$33,188.07
-$1,761.86
$7,962.56
-$38,431.24
-$27,646.58
$33,188.07
$39,090.45
$27,646.58
$38,431.24
-$4,476.97
-$1,723.73
-$40,981.02
-$31,297.50
$1,723.73
$4,476.97
-$37,895.87
-$28,181.95
$31,297.50
$40,981.02
$28,181.95
$37,895.87

*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 laevela.

Kruskal (H-Test) Wallis -

" :

" 0.05
:
Nonparametric Tests Analayze .1
: K Independent Samplaes

150

 .2 Salaary Test Variablae List

Jobcat . Grouping Variablae
.3 Define Variablae :

.4 1 Minimum 3
Maximum Continue .
.5 Krouskala-Walalais H Ok
:

NPar Tests

151

Ranks
Mean Rank
190.37
278.98
427.85

N
363
27
84
474

Emplaoyment Category
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
Totala

Current Salaary

Kruskal-Wallis Test

207.68
Sig. = 0.0 0.05

0.05
2

Friedman test

.
: " "
"

"0.05
:
.1 Analayze Nonparametric Tests
K Relaated Samplaes
:

152

 .2 " " " " " "

" " Test Variablaes
Friedman Ok :
Friedman Test

Ranks
Mean Rank
1.95
2.95
2.60
2.50

Test Statisticsa,b
Current Salaary
207.680
2
.000

Chi-Square
df
Asymp. Sig.

a. Kruskala Walalais Test

b. Grouping Variablae: Emplaoyment Category

Asymp. Sig =0.0

0.05

153

Crosstabs Test

Crosstabs
:

: Emplaoyee data "

"
.
:
.1 Analayze Descriptive Statistics
Crosstabs :

.2 Gender Row Jobcat

). Column(s
.3 Statistics :

154

 .4 Chi-square Contingency
coefficient . Gamma

Nominal Data

Ordinal Data Continue
.
.5 . Ok :
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary

Totala
Percent
100.0%

N
474

Cases
Missing
N
Percent
.0%

Valaid
Percent
100.0%

155

474

N
Gender * Emplaoyment
Category

Gender * Employment Category Crosstabulation

Count

Gender

Emplaoyment Category
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
206
10
157
27
74
363
27
84

Femalae
Malae

Totala

Totala
216
258
474

Chi-Square Tests

Pearson Chi-Square
Likelaihood Ratio
N of Valaid Cases

Valaue
79.277a
95.463
474

df
2
2

Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
.000
.000

a. 0 celalas (.0%) have expected count laess than 5. The

minimum expected count is 12.30.

Symmetric Measures

Nominala by Nominala
Ordinala by Ordinala
N of Valaid Cases

Contingency Coefficient
Gamma

Valaue
.379
.837
474

Asymp.
a
b
Std. Error Approx. T Approx. Sig.
.000
.051
9.999
.000

a. Not assuming the nulala hypothesis.

b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the nulala hypothesis.

Sig. = 0.0

.

156

Two Way Analysis of

Variance
)
( .




.
Two Way ANOVA

) ( ) (.

:
) (main effect
.
) (main effect
.
) (Interaction
.

.1

:



9 .

15 )(

157

.2

.3

.


.

.

.
.

: " Employee data

" 0.05


" "
" "
"
"
:

158

 .1 Analyze General Linear Model

Univariate :

.2 Salary Dependent Variable

Gender Jobcat ). Fixed Factor(s
.3 Model :

159

.4

.5

Custom Main effects ) Build Term (s

Gender Jobcat Model
Interaction Build Term , Gender
Jobcat Model Continue
.
Options
Descriptive atatistics Homogeneity tests
Continue .

160

.6

Post Hoc :

161

 .7 Scheffe
Equal
. Variance Assumed
.8 Dunnett,s C
Equal Variance Not
Assumed
.9 Jobcat Post Hoc Tests For
Gender
.
.10 Continue .
Univariate Analysis of Variance

.
Between-Subjects Factors
N
216
258
363
27
84

Valaue Labela
Femalae
Malae
Claericala
Custodiala

f
m
1
2
3

Manager

Gender
Emplaoyment
Category

162

Descriptive Statistics
Dependent Variablae: Current Salaary
Gender
Femalae

Malae

Totala

Emplaoyment Category
Claericala
Manager
Totala
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
Totala
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
Totala

Mean
$25,003.69
$47,213.50
$26,031.92
$31,558.15
$30,938.89
$66,243.24
$41,441.78
$27,838.54
$30,938.89
$63,977.80
$34,419.57

Std. Deviation
$5,812.838
$8,501.253
$7,558.021
$7,997.978
$2,114.616
$18,051.570
$19,499.214
$7,567.995
$2,114.616
$18,244.776
$17,075.661

N
206
10
216
157
27
74
258
363
27
84
474

Test of
Sig. =0.0 Homogeneity of Variances

. 0.05
a
Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variances

Dependent Variablae: Current Salaary

F
33.383

df1
4

df2
469

Sig.
.000

Tests the nulala hypothesis that the error variance of the

dependent variablae is equala across groups.
a. Design: Intercept+GENDER+JOBCAT+GENDER
* JOBCAT

Sig. = 0.0 Gender
. 0.05

0.05 Sig. = 0.0 Jobcat
.
Sig. =
0.05 0.0

163

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variablae: Current Salaary
Source
Corrected Modela
Intercept
GENDER
JOBCAT
GENDER * JOBCAT
Error
Totala
Corrected Totala

Type III Sum

of Squares
9.646E+10a
1.773E+11
5247440732
3.232E+10
1247682867
4.146E+10
6.995E+11
1.379E+11

df
4
1
1
2
1
469
474
473

Mean Square
2.411E+10
1.773E+11
5247440732
1.616E+10
1247682867
88401147.44

F
272.780
2005.313
59.359
182.782
14.114

Sig.
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000

a. R Squared = .699 (Adjusted R Squared = .697)

Jobcat

Post Hoc Tests

Employment Category
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variablae: Current Salaary

Scheffe

(I) Emplaoyment Category

Claericala
Custodiala
Manager

Dunnett C

Claericala
Custodiala
Manager

(J) Emplaoyment Category

Custodiala
Manager
Claericala
Manager
Claericala
Custodiala
Custodiala
Manager
Claericala
Manager
Claericala
Custodiala

Based on observed means.

*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 laevela.
164

Mean
Difference
(I-J)
-$3,100.35
-$36,139.26*
$3,100.35
-$33,038.91*
$36,139.26*
$33,038.91*
-$3,100.35*
-$36,139.26*
$3,100.35*
-$33,038.91*
$36,139.26*
$33,038.91*

Std. Error
$1,875.539
$1,138.387
$1,875.539
$2,080.027
$1,138.387
$2,080.027
$568.679
$2,029.912
$568.679
$2,031.840
$2,029.912
$2,031.840

Sig.
.256
.000
.256
.000
.000
.000

Three Way ANOVA

.


:
: Employee data :
"
0.05
"
:

.1

Analyze General Linear Model

Univariate :

165

 .2 Salary Dependent Variable

Gender id Jobcat Fixed
). Factor(s
.3 Model :

166

.4 Custom Main effects Build Term

) (s Gender Jobcat id
Model Interaction Build Term

Model Continue
.
.5 Options
Descriptive atatistics Homogeneity tests
Display Means for
Continue .

167

.6 Post Hoc :

168

.7 Scheffe
Equal Variance
. Assumed
.8 Dunnett,s C
Equal Variance Not Assumed
.9 Jobcat Post Hoc Tests
For
.
.10 Continue . Ok
:

Univariate Analysis of Variance
Between-Subjects Factors
N
370
104
216
258
363
27
84

Valaue Labela
No
Yes
Femalae
Malae
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager

0
1
f
m
1
2
3

169

Minority Claassification
Gender
Emplaoyment
Category

Descriptive Statistics
Dependent Variablae: Current Salaary
Minority Claassification
No

Gender
Femalae

Malae

Totala

Yes

Femalae
Malae

Totala

Totala

Femalae

Malae

Totala

Emplaoyment Category
Claericala
Manager
Totala
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
Totala
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
Totala
Claericala
Totala
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
Totala
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
Totala
Claericala
Manager
Totala
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
Totala
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager
Totala

a
Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variances

Dependent Variablae: Current Salaary

F
17.696

df1
8

df2
465

Sig.
.000

Tests the nulala hypothesis that the error variance of the

dependent variablae is equala across groups.
a. Design:
Intercept+MINORITY+GENDER+JOBCAT+MINORITY *
GENDER+GENDER * JOBCAT+MINORITY *
JOBCAT+MINORITY * GENDER * JOBCAT

170

Mean
$25,471.45
$47,213.50
$26,706.79
$32,671.64
$31,178.57
$65,683.57
$44,475.41
$28,341.09
$31,178.57
$63,374.81
$36,023.31
$23,062.50
$23,062.50
$28,952.13
$30,680.77
$76,037.50
$32,246.09
$26,244.25
$30,680.77
$76,037.50
$28,713.94
$25,003.69
$47,213.50
$26,031.92
$31,558.15
$30,938.89
$66,243.24
$41,441.78
$27,838.54
$30,938.89
$63,977.80
$34,419.57

Std. Deviation
$6,092.372
$8,501.253
$8,011.894
$8,578.999
$1,658.743
$18,029.451
$20,330.662
$7,994.659
$1,658.743
$18,164.043
$18,044.096
$3,972.369
$3,972.369
$5,712.419
$2,562.920
$17,821.961
$13,059.881
$5,772.874
$2,562.920
$17,821.961
$11,421.638
$5,812.838
$8,501.253
$7,558.021
$7,997.978
$2,114.616
$18,051.570
$19,499.214
$7,567.995
$2,114.616
$18,244.776
$17,075.661

N
166
10
176
110
14
70
194
276
14
80
370
40
40
47
13
4
64
87
13
4
104
206
10
216
157
27
74
258
363
27
84
474

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variablae: Current Salaary
Source
Corrected Modela
Intercept
MINORITY
GENDER
JOBCAT
MINORITY * GENDER
GENDER * JOBCAT
MINORITY * JOBCAT
MINORITY * GENDER
* JOBCAT
Error
Totala
Corrected Totala

Type III Sum

of Squares
9.751E+10a
1.444E+11
61989119.7
4756876310
2.006E+10
27977363.9
981526336
690053398

df
8
1
1
1
2
1
1
2

Mean Square
1.219E+10
1.444E+11
61989119.66
4756876310
1.003E+10
27977363.93
981526335.9
345026699.0

F
140.251
1661.526
.713
54.737
115.420
.322
11.294
3.970

Sig.
.000
.000
.399
.000
.000
.571
.001
.020

.000

4.041E+10
6.995E+11
1.379E+11

465
474
473

86903667.84

a. R Squared = .707 (Adjusted R Squared = .702)

Estimated Marginal Means

1. Minority Classification
Dependent Variablae: Current Salaary
Minority Claassification
No
Yes

Mean
Std. Error
40443.745a
835.531
39683.224a 1423.737

95% Confidence Intervala

Lower Bound
Upper Bound
38801.861
42085.629
36885.469
42480.979

a. Based on modified populaation marginala mean.

2. Employment Category
Dependent Variablae: Current Salaary
Emplaoyment Category
Claericala
Custodiala
Manager

Mean
Std. Error
27539.427
577.449
30929.670a 1795.293
62978.190a 1875.508

a. Based on modified populaation marginala mean.

171

95% Confidence Intervala

Lower Bound
Upper Bound
26404.695
28674.160
27401.779
34457.562
59292.670
66663.711

Post Hoc Tests

Employment Category
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variablae: Current Salaary

Scheffe

(I) Emplaoyment Category

Claericala
Custodiala
Manager

Dunnett C

Claericala
Custodiala
Manager

(J) Emplaoyment Category

Custodiala
Manager
Claericala
Manager
Claericala
Custodiala
Custodiala
Manager
Claericala
Manager
Claericala
Custodiala

Based on observed means.

*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 laevela.

172

Mean
Difference
(I-J)
-$3,100.35
-$36,139.26*
$3,100.35
-$33,038.91*
$36,139.26*
$33,038.91*
-$3,100.35*
-$36,139.26*
$3,100.35*
-$33,038.91*
$36,139.26*
$33,038.91*

Std. Error
$1,859.586
$1,128.703
$1,859.586
$2,062.334
$1,128.703
$2,062.334
$568.679
$2,029.912
$568.679
$2,031.840
$2,029.912
$2,031.840

Sig.
.250
.000
.250
.000
.000
.000

Reliability Coefficient

:
:




.
:


) ( r
:
2 r

Reliability Coefficient = 1 r
.7

SPSS

.
:



.
.
173


.

.

/


/

/ :
...

) (

) (.
/



.

174

)(3) (4
)(5

)(2

)(1

:
.1

.2
.3

:
.1

.2
.3

.
.

: ) (
.1
.2
.3

.

.

.

: ) (
.1
.2
.3

.

.

.

7 3
:
(1 SPSS
" " .
(2
(3
:

175

a1, a2, a3 ) ( b1, b2,

b3 ) ( c1, c2, c3
) ( d1, d2,d3 ) (
:

av_ a, av_b, av_c, av_d

av_total
" " av_odd "
. av_even :

176

av_odd , av_even :
Correlations
AV_TOTAL AV_ODD
1
**.835
.
.003
10
10
**.835
1
.003
.
10
10

Pearson Correlaation
)Sig. (2-tailaed
N
Pearson Correlaation
)Sig. (2-tailaed
N

AV_TOTAL

AV_ODD

**. Correlaation is significant at the 0.01 laevela (2-tailaed).

0.835


2 0.835
1 0.835

0.91

:
Analyze Scale
Reliability Analysis :

177

 Items
12 ). (a1,a2, d3

Model . Alpha

Statistics :
Scale if item deleted

.
Continue .
Ok :

178

Reliability
****** Method 1 (space saver) will be used for this analysis ******
R E L I A B I L I T Y

A N A L Y S I S

S C A L E

Item-total Statistics

A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
C1
C2
C3
D1
D2
D3

Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted

Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted

Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation

Alpha
if Item
Deleted

40.6000
39.9000
40.6000
40.4000
40.3000
40.7000
40.6000
41.5000
40.9000
41.1000
41.1000
40.7000

53.1556
62.1000
53.1556
45.1556
67.1222
59.3444
54.2667
50.7222
50.7667
47.8778
43.6556
49.1222

.4322
-.0936
.3496
.7099
-.3996
.0226
.3614
.3424
.4296
.5555
.7480
.6850

.7036
.7428
.7128
.6561
.7812
.7542
.7117
.7166
.7016
.6816
.6467
.6723

Reliability Coefficients
N of Cases =
Alpha =

10.0

N of Items = 12

.7288

0.7288 Alpha
.
( Corrected item- total Correlation )

0.19

a2, b2, b3

179


0.8198

Reliability
****** Method 1 (space saver) will be used for this analysis ******
R E L I A B I L I T Y

A N A L Y S I S

S C A L E

(A L P H A)

Item-total Statistics

A1
A3
B1
C1
C2
C3
D1
D2
D3

Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted

Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted

28.3000
28.3000
28.1000
28.3000
29.2000
28.6000
28.8000
28.8000
28.4000

56.4556
55.5667
49.2111
55.1222
53.9556
50.4889
48.8444
45.2889
51.1556

Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation

Alpha
if Item
Deleted

.3725
.3464
.6056
.4561
.3019
.5672
.6234
.7755
.6994

.8169
.8209
.7906
.8091
.8331
.7958
.7882
.7660
.7844

Reliability Coefficients
N of Cases =
Alpha =

10.0

N of Items =

.8198

180

Correlations
Correlations
AV_A
AV_A

AV_B

AV_C

AV_D

AV_TOTAL

Pearson Correlaation
Sig. (2-tailaed)
N
Pearson Correlaation
Sig. (2-tailaed)
N
Pearson Correlaation
Sig. (2-tailaed)
N
Pearson Correlaation
Sig. (2-tailaed)
N
Pearson Correlaation
Sig. (2-tailaed)
N

1
.
10
.442
.201
10
.137
.706
10
.350
.322
10
.603
.065
10

AV_B
.442
.201
10
1
.
10
.023
.949
10
.259
.470
10
.526
.118
10

AV_C
.137
.706
10
.023
.949
10
1
.
10
.658*
.039
10
.735*
.015
10

AV_D
AV_TOTAL
.350
.603
.322
.065
10
10
.259
.526
.470
.118
10
10
.658*
.735*
.039
.015
10
10
1
.882**
.
.001
10
10
.882**
1
.001
.
10
10

*. Correlaation is significant at the 0.05 laevela (2-tailaed).

**. Correlaation is significant at the 0.01 laevela (2-tailaed).

.

.

181

182