Income and Poverty

● Accelerate growth rate of GDP from 8% to 10% and then maintain at 10% in
the 12th Plan in order to double per capita income by 2016-17.

● Increase agricultural GDP growth rate to 4% per year to ensure a broader spread of benefits.

● Create 70 million new work opportunities.

● Reduce educated unemployment to below 5%.

● Raise real wage rate of unskilled workers by 20 per cent.

● Reduce the headcount ratio of consumption poverty by 10 percentage points.

Education
● Reduce dropout rates of children from elementary school from 52·2% in 2003-04 to 20% by 2011-12.

● Develop minimum standards of educational attainment in elementary school, and by regular testing
monitor effectiveness of education to ensure quality.

● Increase literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or more to 85%.

● Lower gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage points.

● Increase the percentage of each cohort going to higher education from the present 10% to 15% by the end
of the 11th Plan.

Health
● Reduce infant mortality rate (IMR) to 28 and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to 1 per 1000 live births.

● Reduce total fertility rate to 2.1.

● Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009 and ensure that there are no slip-backs by the end of the 11th
Plan.

● Reduce malnutrition among children of age group 0-3 to half its present level.

● Reduce anemia among women and girls by 50% by the end of the 11th Plan.

Women and Children

● Raise the sex ratio for age group 0-6 to 935 by 2011-12 and to 950 by 2016-17.

● Ensure that at least 33 per cent of the direct and indirect beneficiaries of all government schemes are
women and girl children.

● Ensure that all children enjoy a safe childhood, without any compulsion to work.

Infrastructure
● Ensure electricity connection to all villages and BPL households by 2009 and round-the-clock power by
the end of the Plan.

● Ensure all weather road connection to all habitation with population 1000 and above (500 in hilly and tribal
areas) by 2009, and ensure coverage of all significant habitation by 2015.

● Connect every village by telephone by November, 2007 and provide broadband connectivity to all village
by 2012.

● Provide homestead sites to all by 2012 and step up the pace of house construction for rural poor to cover
all the poor by 2016-17.
 Environment
● Increase forest and tree cover by 5 percentage points.

● Attain WHO standards of air quality in all major cities by 2011-12.

● Treat all urban waste water by 2011-12 to clean river waters.

● Increase energy efficiency by 20 percentage points by 2016-17.

Vision of the 11th Plan

 GDP growth rate to be increased to 10 per cent by the end of the plan.
 Farm sector growth to be increased to 4 per cent.
 Double per capita income by 2016-17.
 Create 7 crore new jobs.
 Reduce educated unemployment rate to below 5%.
 Reduce drop out rate of school children to 20% from 52% now.
 Literacy rate to be increased to 80%.
 Infant mortality rate to be reduced to 28 per 1,000 births.
 Maternal mortality rate to be cut to 1 per 1,000 births.
 Clean drinking water to all by 2009.
 Improve sex ratio to 935 by 2011-12 and 950 by 2016-17.
 Electricity connection to all by 2009.
 A telephone in every village by November 2007.
 Broadband connectivity to all villages by 2011-12.
 Roads to all villages with 1,000 population by 2009.
 Increase forest cover and tree cover by 5 per cent.
 Achieve WHO standard air quality in major cities by 2011-12.

 Treat all urban waste water by 2011-12 to clean rivers.

A
AAFI Amateur Athletics Federation of India
AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organisation
AASU All Assam Students Union
ABM Anti Ballistic Missile
AC Alternate Current / Ashok Chakra / Air Conditioner / Antarctic Club
ACC Anxillary Cadet Core
AD Ano Domini (After the birth of Jesus)
ADB Asian Development Bank .
AERE Atomic Energy Research Establishment
AGOC Asian Games Organisation Committee
AICC All India Congress Committee
AICTE All India Council of Technical Education
AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
AIFE All India Football Federation
AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences
AIL Aeronautics India Limited
AIMPLB All India Muslim Personal Law Board
AIR All India Radio (Broadcasting)
AITUE All India Trade Union Congress
AM Anti Meridian (Before Noon)
ANC African National Congress
APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
APSC Army Postal Services Core
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
ASLV Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
ASI Archaeological Survey of India
ASSOCHAM Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry (India)
ASWAC Airborne Surveillance Warning and Control
ATS Anti Tetanus Serum

B
BAMS Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery
BARC Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
BC Before Christ (Before the birth of Jesus)
BCG Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Anti TB Vaccine)
BCCI Board of Control for Cricket in India
BEL Bharat Electronics Limited
BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg
BHEL Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited
BIFR Board of Industrial Finance and Reconstruction (Formerly Industrial Reconstruction Finance
Board)
BIMSTEC Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation
BIS Bureau of Indian Standards
B Pharma Bachelor of Pharmacy
BSF Border Security Force

C
CAD Command Area Development
CAG Comptroller and Auditor General
CARE Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere
CASE Commission for Alternative Sources of Energy
CAT Central Administrative Tribunal, Computerised Axial Tomography
CAZRI Central Arid Zone Research Institute
CBI Central Bureau of Investigation
CBSE Central. Board of Secondary Education
CCEA Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
CCS Cabinet Committee on Security
C-DAC Centre For Development of Advance Computing
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CDRI Central Drug Research Institute
CDS Compulsory Deposit Scheme
CHOGM Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
CID Criminal Investigation Department
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CISF Central Industrial Security Force
CITU , Centre of Indian Trade Unions
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
COD Central Ordnance Depot
COFEPOSA Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act
CPO Central Passport Organisation
CPRI Central Power Research Institute
CRPF Central Reserve Police Force
CRR Cash Reserve Ratio
CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CSO Central Statistical Organisation
CTS Computerised Tomography Scanner
CVC Central Vigilance Commission

D
DDT Dichloro Diphenyle Tri-chloroethane
DFDR 'Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black box)'
DIG Deputy Inspector General
D.Lit. Doctor of Literature
DM District Magistrate
DMK Dravida Munetra Kazhagam
DNA Di-oxyribo-Nucleic Acid
DPAP 'Drought Prone Area Programme
DPC Dabhol Power Company
DPSA Deep Penetration Strike Aircraft
DRDO Defence Research and Development Organisation
DTH Direct to Home
DVD Digital Versatile Disk

E
EAS Employment Assurance Scheme
ECD European Central Bank
ECG Electro Cardiogram
EEC European Economic Community
EEG Electro Encephalogram
ELISA Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
EMF Electromotive Force
EPABX Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange
EPZ Export Processing Zone
ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration
ESMA Essential Services Maintenance Act
EVM Electronic Voting Machine
EXIM Bank Export-Import Bank of India

F
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (USA)
FBTR Fast Breeder Test Reactor
FCI Food Corporation of India / Fertilizer Corporation of India
FDR Flight Data Recorder (Black Box)
FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act
FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act
FICCI Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry
FIPB Foreign Investment Promotion Board
FIR First Information Report
FRS Fellow of the Royal Society
FTII Films and Television Institute of India
FTZ Free Trade Zone

G
GAIL Gas Authority of India Limited
GATT General Agreement on Tariff and Trade
GIC General Insurance Corporation
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GNLF Gorkha National Liberation Front
GNP Gross National Product
GPF General Provident Fund
GPO General Post Office
GPS Global Positioning System
GSI Geological Survey of India

H
HAC Hindustan Aluminium Corporation
HAL Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
HCF Highest Common Factor
HDFC Housing Development Finance Corporation
HIV Human Immuno-deficiency Virus
HMT Hindustan Machine Tools
HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation
HYVS High Yield Variety Seeds

I
IAAI International Airport Authority of India
lAC Indian Airlines Corporation
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)
ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICBM Inter Continental Ballistic Missile
ICC International Cricket Council
ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited
ICJ International Court of Justice
ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research
ICSI Indian Company Secretaries Institute
IDA International Development Agency
IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India
IDO International Defence Organisation
IDPL Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited
IFA Indian Football Association
IFCI Industrial Finance Corporation of India
IFFI International Film Festival of India
IFFCO Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative
IFTU International Federation of Trade Unions
IIPA Indian Institute of Public Administration
lIS Indian Institute of Sciences
IISCO Indian Iron and Steel Company
lIT Indian Institute of Technology
ILO International Labour Organisation
IMA Indian Military Academy
IMF International Monetary Fund
INGCA Indira Gandhi Gallery for Culture and Art
INS Indian Naval Ship
INSAT Indian National Satellite
INTELSAT International Telecommunication Satellite
INTERPOL International Police Organisation
INTUC Indian National Trade Union Congress
IOC International Olympic Committee / Indian Oil Corporation
IPC Indian Penal Code
IPKF Indian Peace Keeping Force
IQ Intelligence Quotient
IRBM Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
IRC International Red Cross
IRDA Insurance Regulatory Development Authority
IRDP Integrated Rural Development Programme
ISB Indian Standard Bureau
ISM Indian School of Mines
ISO International Organisation for Standardisation
ISP Internet Services Provider
ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation
IST Indian Standard Time
ITBP Indo-Tibet Border Police
ITDC Indian Tourism Development Corporation
ITPO Indian Trade Promotion Organisation
ITO International Trade Organisation
ITUC Indian Trade Union Congress

J
JMM Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

K
KG Kinder Garten

L
LASER Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LIC Life Insurance Corporation of India
LLB Bachelor of Law
LLM Master of Law
LMG Light Machine Gum
LoC Line of Control (Pakistan)
LoAC Line of Actual Control (China)
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LSD Lysergic acid di-ethylamide
LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam

M
MA Master of Arts
MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
MBA Master of Business Administration
MBBS Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
MBT Main Battle Tank
MCA Monetary Compensatory Allowance / Master of Computer Application
MCC Melbourne Cricket Club
MD Doctor of Medicine
MFN Most Favoured Nation
MI Military Intelligence
MISA Maintenance of Internal Security Act
MIT Mechachusates Institute of Technology (USA)
MLA Member of Legislative Assembly
MLC Member of Legislative Council
MNC Multi National Corporation
MRCP Member of Royal College of Physicians
MRCS Member of Royal College of Surgeons
MRTPC Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission
MODVAT Modified Value Added Tax

N
NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development
NACO National AIDS Control Organisation
NAEP National Adult Education Programme
NAFED National Agricultural and Marketing Federation
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NAPP Narora Atomic Power Plant
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA)
NASDAQ National Association of Security Dealer's Active Quotation
NASSCOM National Association of Software & Service Companies
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
NCW National Commission for Women
NCCR National Council for Civil Right
NCERT National Council of Educational Research & Training
NDA National Defence Academy
NDDB National Dairy Development Board (Anand, Gujarat)
NDF National Defence Fund .
NEERI National Environment Engineering Research Institute
NEFA North-East Frontier Agency
NEPA National Environment Protection Authority
NFDC National Film Development Corporation
NFL National Fertilizer Limited
NHRC National Human Rights Commission
NICO New Information and Communication Order
NIDC National Industrial Development Corporation
NIIT National Institute of Information Technology
NIMHANS National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences
NITIE National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering
NMDS National Missile Defence System (US)
NMEP National Malaria Eradication Programme
NOIDA New Okhla Industrial Development Authority
NPC National Productivity Council
NPP National Population Policy
NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
NRDC National Research and Development Corporation
NREP National Rural Employment Programme
NRI Non Resident Indian
NSC National Security Council
NSSO National Sample Survey Organisation
NTC National Textile Corporation
NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation

O
OGL Open General Licence
OIL Oil India Limited
OK All Correct
ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Commission
OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries

P
PCI Press Council of India
PCS Provincial Civil Services
Ph. D Doctor of 'Philosophy
PIN Posial lndex Number
PLO Palestine Liberation Organisation
PM Post Meridian / Prime Minister
POTA Prevention of Terrorism Act
PSLV Polar. Satellite Launch Vehicle
PTI Press Trust of India
PRO Public Relations Officer
PTO Please Turn Over
PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride / Paramvir Chakra
PVSM Param Vishisht Seva Medal
PWD Public Work's Department
PWG People's War Group

Q
QED Quod Erat Demonstrandum (Which was to be proved)
QEF Quod Erat Faciendum (Which was to be done)
QEI Quod Erat Inveniendum (Which was to be found)
QMG Quarter Master General

R
RADAR Radio Angle Direction and Range
RAW Research and Analysis Wing
R&D Research and Development
RBI Reserve Bank of India
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete
RDX Research Developed Explosive
RIMC Rashtriya Indian Military College
RMS Railway Mail Service
RLEGP Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
RPM Revolutions Per Minute
RSS Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
RTO Regional Transport Officer

S
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SAC Space Application Centre
SAFTA South Asian Free Trade Agreement
SAI Sports Authority of India
SAIL Steel Authority of India Limited
SAPTA South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement
SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SC Security Council/Supreme Court
SCI Shipping Corporation of India
SCOPE Standing Conference of Public Enterprises
SCRA Special Class Railway Apprentice
SDR Special Drawing Rights
SEBI Security Exchange Board of India
SGPC Siromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee
SHAR Shri Harikota Range
SIDBI Small Industries Development Bank of India
SIS Secret Intelligence Service (U.K)
SITA Suppression of .Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act
SLV Satellite Launch Vehicle
SPCA Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals
SPICMC Society for the Promotion of Indian Classical music and culture
STARS Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station
STD Subscribers Trunk Dialing
STPI Software Technology Parks of India
SWAPO South West African People's Organisation

T
TA Travelling Aliowance / Territorial Anmy
TC Transfer Certificate, Trusteeship Council
TELCO Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company
TELEX Teleprinter Exchange
TISCO Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited
TNT Tri-nitro-toluene
TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language
TRAI Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
TRIPS Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights
TTE Travelling Ticket Examiner
TTFI Table Tennis Federation of India
TWA Trans World Airlines (USA)

U
UDC Upper Division Clerk
UFO Unidentified Flying Object
UGC University Grants Commission
UHT Ultra High Temperature
ULFA United Liberation Front of Assam
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNEF United Nations Emergency Force
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNESCO United Nations Economic Social and Cultural Organisation
UNFPA United Nations for Population Activities
UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees
UNI United News of India
UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
UNO United Nations Organisation
UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply
UPSC Union Public Service Commission
USP Unique Selling Proposition,
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
UTI Unit Trust of India

V
VAT Value Added Tax
VDIS Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme
VC Vice-Chancellor / Victoria Cross
VIP Very Important Person
VPP Value Payable Post
VRS Voluntary Retirement Scheme
VSNL Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited
VSSC Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre

W
WEF World Economic Forum
WHO World Health Organisation
WILL Wireless in Local Loop
WMO World Meteorological Organisation
WWF World Wild Life Fund
WPI Wholesale Price Index
WTO World Trade Organisation
WWF World Wild Life Fund for Nature
WWW World Wide Web

X
X-tian Christian

Y
YMCA Young Men's Christians Association
YWCA Young Women's Christians Association

Z
ZBB Zero Based Budgeting
ZPG Zero Population Growth
ZS Zoological Society
ZSI Zoological Survey of India

Hon'ble Mr. Justice K.G. Balakrishnan

Chief Justice of India
No. Book Author
1. A House For Mr. Biswas V.S. Naipaul
2. Aag Ka Dariya Qurratulain Hyder
3. Adha Gaon Rahi Masoom Reza
4. Adhe Adhure Mohan Rakesh
5. All About H. Hatterr GV Desani
6. Aranyer Din Ratri Sunil Gangopadhyay
7. Charandas Chor Habib Tanvir
8. Chidamabara Sumitranandan Pant
9. Coolie Mulk Raj Anand
10. Dipshikha Mahadevi Verma
11. English August Upamanyu Chatterjee
12. Family Matters Rohinton Mistry
13. Ghasiram Kotwal Vijay Tendulkar
14. God of Small Things Arundhati Roy
15. Golden Gate Vikram Seth
16. Hajar Churashir Ma Mahasweta Devi
17. Indulekha O. Chandu Menon
18. Interpreter of Maladies Jhumpa Lahiri
19. Kanthapura Raja Rao
20. Kayar Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
21. Khasakinte Ithihaasam O.V. Vijayan
22. Kitne Pakistan Kamleshwar
Kitni Navon Men Kitni
23. Bar Ajneya
24. Krishnakali Shivani
25. Kurukku Faustina Barna
26. Kutiyozhikkal Vailoppilli Sreedhara Menon
27. Madhushala Harivansh Rai Bachchan
28. Marali Mannige Kota Shivaram Karanth
29. Midnight's Children Salman Rushdie
30. Nilkanthi Broja Indira Goswami
31. Paraja Gopinath Molianty
32. Parimal Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
33. Pather Panchali Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay
34. Pathummayude Aadu Vaikom Mohammed Basheer
35. Raag Darbari Shrilal Shukla
36. Randamuzham M. T. Vasudevan
37. Rasidi Ticket Amrita Pritam
38. Sabdar Akash Sitakant Mohapatra
39. Samskara U. R. Ananthamurthy
40. Shadow Lines Amitav Ghosh
41. Swami and Friends R. K. Narayan
42. Tamas Bhisham Sahni
43. Terhi Lakeer Ismat Chugtai
44. The Flight of Pigeons Ruskin Bond
45. Train To Pakistan Khushwant Singh
46. Tughlaq Girish Karnad
47. Zindaginama Krishna Sobti

CHIEF JUSTICES OF INDIA

NAME TENURE

Harilal.J.Kania 26 January 1950 - 6 November 1951

M.Patengali Sastri 7 November 1951 - 3 January 1954

Mehar Chand
4 January 1954 - 22 December 1954
Mahajan

B.K.Mukherjee 23 December 1954 31 January 1956

1 February 1956 - 30 September

S.R.Das
1959

Bhuvaneshwar
1 October 1959 - 31 January 1964
Prasad Sinha

P.B.Gajendragadkar 1 February 1964 - 15 March 1966

A.K.Sarkar 16 March 1966 - 29 June 1966

 K. Subba Roa 30 June 1966 - 11 April 1967

K.N.Wanchoo 12 April 1967 - 24 February 1968

25 February 1968 - 16 December

M.Hidayatullah
1970.

17 December 1970 - 21 January

J.C.Shah
1971

S.M.Sikri 22 January 1971 - 25 April 1973

A.N.Ray 26 April 1973 - 28 January 1977

M.H.Baig 29 January 1977 - 21 February 1978

Y.N.Chadrachud 22 Februfary 1978 - 11 July 1985.

Prafullachandra
12 July 1985 - 20 December1986
Natvarlal Bhagwati

R.S.Pathak 21 December 1986 - 18 June 1989

E.S.Venkataramiah 19 June 1989 - 17 December 1989

18 December 1989 - 25 September

S.Mukharjee
1990

26 September 1990 - 24 November

Ranganath Mishra
1991

25 November 1991 - 12 December

K.N.Singh
1991

13 December 1991 - 17 November

M.H.Kania
1992

18 November 1992 -11 February

L.M.Sharma
1993

M.N.Venkatachaliah 12 February 1993 - 24 October 1994

A.M.Ahmadi 25 October 1994 - 24 March 1997

J.S.Verma 25 March 1997 - 17 January 1998

M.M.Punchhi 18 January 1998 - 9 October 1998

 A.S.Anand 10 October 1998 - 31 October 2001

S.P.Bharucha 1 November 2001 - 5 May 2002

B.N.Kripal 6 May 2002 - 8 November 2002

8 November 2002 - 19 December

G.B.Pattanaik
2002

V.N.Khare 19 December 2002 - 2 May 2004

S.Rajendra Babu 2 May 2004 - 1 June 2004

R.C.Lahoti 1 June 2004 -

International
• American Cup : Yacht Racing
• U. Thant Cup : Tennis
• Ashes : Cricket
• Uber Cup : Badminton (Women)
• Benson and Hedges : Cricket
• Walker Cup : Golf
• Canada Cup : Golf
• Westchester Cup : Polo
• Colombo Cup : Football
• Wightman Cup : Lawn Tennis
• Corbitton Cup : Table Tennis
• World Cup : Cricket
(Women)
• World Cup : Hockey
• Davis Cup : Lawn Tennis
• Reliance Cup : Cricket
• Derby : Horse Race
• Rothman's Trophy : Cricket
• Grand National : Horse Streple
• William's Cup : Basketball
Chase Race
• European Champions Cup : Football
• Jules Rimet Trophy : World Soccer
• Eisenhower Cup : Golf
Cup
• Essande Champions Cup : Hockey
• King's Cup : Air Races
• Rene Frank Trophy : Hockey
• Merdeka Cup : Football
• Grand Prix : Table Tennis
• Rydet Cup : Golf
• Edgbaston Cup : Lawn Tennis
• Swaythling Cup : Table Tennis
• Grand Prix : Lawn Tennis
(Men)

• World Cup : Weight-lifting

• Thomas Cup : Badminton
National
• Agarwal Cup : Badminton
• Agha Khan Cup : Hockey
• All-India Women's Guru Nanak
Championship : Hockey
• Bandodkar Trophy : Football
• Bangalore Blues Challenge Cup :
Basketball
• Barna-Bellack Cup : Table Tennis
• Beighton Cup : Hockey
• Bombay Gold Cup : Hockey
• Burdwan Trophy : Weight-lifting
• Kuppuswamy Naidu Trophy :
Hockey
• Lady Rattan Tata Trophy : Hockey
• MCC Trophy : Hockey
• Moinuddaula Gold Cup : Cricket
• Murugappa Gold Cup : Hockey
• Modi Gold Cup : Hockey
• Narang Cup : Badminton
• Nehru Trophy : Hockey
• Nixan Gold Cup : Football
• Obaid Ullah Gold Cup : Hockey
 • Charminar Trophy : Athletics
• Chadha Cup : Badminton
• C. K. Naydu Trophy : Cricket
• Chakoia Gold Trophy : Football
• Divan Cup : Badminton
• Deodhar Trophy : Cricket
• Duleep Trophy : Cricket
• D. C. M. Cup : Football
• Durand Cup : Football
• Dhyan Chand Trophy : Hockey
• Dr. B. C. Roy Trophy : Football
(Junior)
• Ezra Cup : Polo
• F. A. Cup : Football
• G. D. Birla Trophy : Cricket
• Ghulam Ahmed Trophy : Cricket
• Gurmeet Trophy : Hockey
• Gura Nanak Cup : Hockey
• Gyanuati Devi Trophy : Hockey
• Holkar Trophy : Bridge
• lrani Trophy : Cricket
• I. F. A. Shield : Football
• lndira Gold Cup : Hockey
• Jawaharlal Challenge : Air Racing
• Jaswant Singh Trophy : Best
Services Sportsman
• Prithi Singh Cup : Polo
• Rani Jhansi Trophy : Cricket
• Ranjit Trophy : Cricket
• Rangaswami Cup : Hockey
• Ranjit Singh Gold Cup : Hockey
• Rajendra Prasad Cup : Tennis
• Ramanujan Trophy : Table Tennis
• Rene Frank Trophy : Hockey
• Radha Mohan Cup : Polo
• Raghbir Singh Memorial : Football
• Rohinton Baria Trophy : Cricket
• Rovers Cup : Football
• Sanjay Gold Cup : Football
• Santosh Trophy : Football
• Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee : Football
• Subroto Cup : Football
• Scindia Gold Cup : Hockey
• Sahni Trophy : Hockey
• Sheesh Mahal Trophy : Cricket
• Todd Memorial Trophy : Football
• Tommy Eman Gold Cup : Hockey
• Vittal Trophy : Football
• Vizzy Trophy : Cricket
• Vijay Merchant Trophy : Cricket
• Wellington Trophy : Rowing
• Wills Trophy : Cricket

1. The outlay of Railways annual plan 2008–09 (as Rail Budget 2008–09) has been hiked by
21% which stands at—
a. Rs. 35,000 crore
b. Rs. 37,500 crore
c. Rs. 40,000 crore
d. Rs. 42,000 crore

Ans : b

2. Allocation for waiving farmer’s loan in budget 2008–09 stands at—

a. Rs. 40,000 crore
b. Rs. 45,000 crore
c. Rs. 50,000 crore
d. Rs. 60,000 crore

Ans : d

3. As budget proposals for 2008–09 the percentage share of direct taxes, in gross tax
revenue is—
a. 48·80%
b. 52·06%
c. 53·07%
d. 55·01%
Ans : c

4. Chelliah Committee recommended to tax the agriculture income of non-farmers having

income above—
a. Rs. 15000
b. Rs. 20000
c. Rs. 25000
d. Rs. 50000

Ans : c

5. Twelfth Finance Commission under Chairmanship of Dr. C. Rangrajan has submitted its
final report on—
a. September 30, 2004
b. October 30, 2004
c. November 30, 2004
d. December 7, 2004

Ans : c

6. ‘Open market operation’ is a part of—

a. Income Policy
b. Fiscal Policy
c. Credit Policy
d. Labour Policy

Ans : c

7. The city having highest population in the world is—

a. New York
b. Tokyo
c. Mexico
d. Paris

Ans : b

8. Targeted power capacity addition for 11th plan period is—

a. 41110 MW
b. 66463 MW
c. 68963 MW
d. 86283 MW

Ans : b

9. The Ex-officio Secretary of NDC is—

a. Secretary of Finance Ministry
b. General Secretary of Lok Sabha
c. Secretary of Planning Commission
d. Vice Chairman of Planning Commission
Ans : c

10. 15th SAARC Summit is scheduled to be held in July–August 2008. The changed venue
of the summit is—
a. New Delhi
b. Sri Lanka
c. Maldives
d. Bangladesh

Ans : b

11. The Finance Commission is appointed for every... year

a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6

Ans : c

12. 11th National Conference on e-governance was held on 7–8 February, 2008 at—
a. Gurgaon (Haryana)
b. Chandigarh
c. Mohali (Punjab)
d. Panchkula (Haryana)

Ans : d

13. Which percentage of Central Taxes have been recommended by the 12th Finance
Commission to be transferred to States ?
a. 28·5%
b. 29·5%
c. 30·5%
d. 31·5%

Ans: c

14. Which state possesses the maximum percentage of SC population ?

a. U.P.
b. M.P.
c. Kerala
d. Punjab

Ans : d

15. Government has decided to cover all districts of the country in National Rural
Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP)—
a. Upto January 1, 2008
b. Upto March 31, 2008
c. w.e.f April 1, 2008
d. w.e.f. April 1, 2009

Ans : b
16. What is ‘NIKKEI’ ?
a. Share Price Index of Tokyo Share Market
b. Name of Japanese Central Bank
c. Japanese name of Country’s Planning Commission
d. Foreign Exchange Market of Japan

Ans : a

17. NABARD was established on the recommendation of—

a. Public Account Committee
b. Shivaraman Committee
c. Narsimham Committee
d. None of these

Ans : b

18. Sampurna Gramin Rojgar Yojana has been launched from—

a. 1st April, 2001
b. 25th Sept., 2001
c. 30th Sept., 2001
d. No scheme of such title has yet launched

Ans : b

19. Which company is providing mobile service with name ‘Cell one’ to the consumers ?
a. MTNL
b. BSNL
c. Reliance Infocom
d. Bharti Tele

Ans : b

20. VAT is imposed—

a. Directly on consumer
b. On final stage of production
c. On first stage of production
d. On all stages between production and final sale

Ans : d

Highlights of Economic Survey 2007-08

The highlights of the Economic Survey 2007-08 presented by Finance Minister P.

Chidamabaram in the Lok Sabha on Thursday 28 February 2008:

• FY'08 economic growth at 8.7%, against 9.6% a year ago

• Inflation rate to decline from 5.6% in FY'07 to 4.4% in '08

• Holding 9% growth a challenge, two digit growth even greater

• Inflation and infrastructure biggest growth challenges

• Skill dearth causing attrition, wage hike; pushing inflation

• Farm growth in FY’08 seen at 2.6%, against 3.8% a year ago

• Food grain output seen at 219.3 MT against 217.3 MT in FY'07

• Acceleration in domestic investment, savings drove growth

• Macroeconomic fundamentals continue to inspire confidence

• Investment climate full of optimism

• Industrial growth slower at 9% in first 9 months of FY'08

• Costly rupee, sluggish consumer goods and infra concern

• Rupee rose by 8.9% against USD during current fiscal

• Average credit growth slowed to 26.8% in FY'07, down in FY'08

• Forex reserves up by $91.6 bn to $290.8 bn on Feb 8, 2008

• GDP projected at Rs 46,93,602 crore (mkt price) in 2007-08

• Inflation reined despite higher commodity prices & surge in capital inflows

• Growth deceleration spread across most sectors, barring power, community services
and composite category of trade, hotels, transport and communications

• Cumulative increase in non-food credit by Jan 4, 2008 was 11.8% as against 17.5%
a year ago

• Capital inflows rise to 7.7% of GDP in first half of FY'08 as against 5.1% in FY'07

• FDI inflows reach $11.2 bn, outward investments surge to $7.3 bn in April-September

• Exports reach $111 bn in first 9 months of FY'08; imports grow 25.9%

• Surge in capital inflows, including FDI, to continue in medium term

• Complete the process of selling 5-10% equity in previously identified profit making
non-navratna PSUs

• Phase out control on sugar, fertiliser, drugs

• Sell old oil fields to private sector

• Allow a share for foreign equity in all retail trade

 • Raise foreign equity in insurance to 49 per cent

• Allow 100 per cent FDI in greenfield private agri banks

• State electricity regulatory commissions should notify rational, credible, cross subsidy
to make open-access viable

• Increase work week to 60 hours from 48 hours and daily limit to 12 hours

fDi Personality of the Year 2007

Ceremony recognising achievements of political and business leaders around the world
hosted by India for the first time.

GLOBAL WINNER/ ASIA:

Kamal Nath, India’s commerce & Industry minister

AFRICA:

Vincent Gadou Kragbé, free trade zone boss

EUROPE:

Andrus Ansip, prime minister of Estonia

LATIN AMERICA:

Sergio Fajardo Valderrama, mayor of Medellín, Colombia

THE MIDDLE EAST:

Dr Khater Massad, CEO of RAKIA

NORTH AMERICA:

Henry M Paulson, US Treasury secretary

First in India
1.
Brit
ish
Go
ver
nor
Ge
Warren Hastings
ner
al
of
Be
nga
l
2. Governor General of Independent India Lord Mountbatten
3. Commander-in-chief of Free India General Roy Bucher
4. Cosmonaut Sqn. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma
5. Emperor of Moghul Dynasty in India Babar
6. Field Marshal S. H. F. J. Manekshaw
7. Indian Governor General of Indian Union C. Rajagopalachari
8. Indian I.C.S. Officer Satyendra Nath Tagore
9. Indian Member of Viceroy's Executive Council Sri S.P. Sinha
10. Indian to swim across English Channel Mihir Sen
11. Indian woman to swim across-English Channel Miss Arati Saha
12. Man to climb Mount Everest Tenzing Norgay
13. Man to climb Mount Everest without Oxygen Phu Dorjee
14. Man to climb Mount Everest twice Nwang Gombu
15. Nobel Prize winner Rabindra Nath Tagore
16. President of Indian National Congress W. C. Banerjee
17. President of Indian Republic Dr. Rajendra Prasad
18. Talkie Film Alam Ara (1931)
19. Test Tube Baby (Documented) Indira

20. Viceroy of India Lord Canning

21. Woman Minister of Indian Union Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
22. Woman Chief Minister of State Mrs. Sucheta Kriplani
23. Woman Governor Mrs. Sarojini Naidu
24. Woman President of Indian National Congress Dr. Annie Besant
25. Woman Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi
26. Woman Speaker of a State Assembly Mrs. Shanno Devi
27. Prime Minister of India Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
28. Muslim President of Indian Union Dr. Zakir Hussain
29. Speaker of Lok Sabha G. V. Mavlankar
30. Woman to climb mount Everest Bachhendri Pal
31. Woman Judge in Supreme Court Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Biwi
32. Woman Chief Justice of a High Court Smt. Leela Seth
33. Indian Woman to go in space (Now U.S. Citizen) Kalpana Chawla
The first Indian weightlifter to win bronze medal in Karnam Malleshwari
34.
Olympics (Sydney, in 2000)
35. The First Indian World Chess Champion Vishwanathan Anand
The News Today
36. India's first paperless Newspaper
(Launched on Jan. 3, 2001)
37. India's First woman Merchant Navy Officer Sonali Banerjee
38. The first Dalit Speaker of the Lok Sabha G. M. C. Balyogi
39. The first Vice-President of India to die in harness Krishna Kant
Mithali Raj (August 2002 playing
40. The first Indian woman cricketer to score double century
against England)
41. The first woman Air Vice-Marshal P. Bandopadhyaya
The first Indian to be appointed as United Nations
42. Ms. Kiran Bedi
Civilian Police Advisor
The first astronaut of Indian origin to perish aboard U.S. Dr. Kalpana Chawla
43.
space shuttle in a tragic accident (Columbia space shuttle, Feb. I, 2003)
The first woman to be appointed Deputy Governor of K. J. Udeshi
44.
Reserve Bank of India (appointed on June 10, 2003)
The first Indian girl to register a win in a Wimbledon
45. Sania Mirza (2003)
tournament
The first Indian lady to win a medal in World Athletic
46. Anju Bobby George (Aug. 2003)
Championship
The first woman Chairman and Managing Director of
47. Mrs. Ranjana Kumar
NABARD
Virendra Sehwag ( 309 runs in the
48. The highest individual test scorer of India
first test in Multan against Pakistan)
The first Indian cricketer to make double centuries five Rahul Drgvid (playing test against
49.
times Pakistan in Pakistan in. April 2004)
Smt. Roopa Misra
50. The first Orissa woman to top I.A.S.
(Indian Civil Services Exam., 2003)
51. The first Sikh Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan Singh
Kanchan C. Bhattacharya
52. The first woman Director General of Police of a State
(DGP Uttaranchal)
The first woman to be appointed as the crime branch MeeriJ Borwankar (took over as crime
53.
chief branch chief of Mumbai police)
The first woman to reach the rank of Lt. General in the Puneeta Arora (Commandant, Armed Forces
54.
Indian army Medical College, Pune)
The first Indian to cross seven important seas by
55. Bula Chaudhury
swimming
The first woman to become Indian Air Force's first
56. Air Marshal Padma Bandhopadhyay
woman Air Marshal
Dharmendra Yadav
57. The first youngest MP, at the age of 25 years
(Mainpuri : Samajwadi Party MP)
58. India's first woman athlete to win WTA open Tennis title Sania Mirza (Feb. 2005, Hyderabad)
59. The first Indian to set a world record of ever having Vijaypath Singhania
reached the highest (Nov. 26, 2005. 69852 ft.)
 of heights yet in a hot balloon
The first wonder child of Orissa only about 4 years and a
60. Budhia (May 2006)
half of age completes a race of 65 km.
The first woman Commissioner of Police of an Indian
61. Letika Saran
metro (Chennai Metro Police)
62. The first Indian to Ski to the North Pole Ajeet Bajaj (April 26, 2006)
The first sportsman ever to win Gold Medal in Shooting
63. Abhinav Bindra (July 24, 2006)
in the World Shooting Championship
The first person of Indian origin to win the Miss Great
64. Preeti Desai (2006)
Britain title
65. The first woman President of the Republic of India Pratibha Patil

First in the World

1. Chairman of Peoples Republic of China Mao-Tse-Tung
2. President of the Chinese Republic Dr. Sun Yat Sen
3. President of U.S.A George Washington
4. Chinese Traveller to India Fahein
5. Foreign Invader to India Alexander the Great
6. Person to reach South Pole Amundsen
7. Person to reach North Pole Robert Pearey
8. Person in Space Yuri Gagarin
9. Person on Moon Neil Armstrong
10. Lady to climb Mount Everest Junko Taibei
11. European to visit China Marco Polo
12. Place where atom bomb was dropped Hiroshima
13. Man to walk in Space Alexei Leonov
14. Woman cosmonaut in Space Valentina Tereshkova
15. Woman Prime Minister of a country Mrs. Srimavo Bhandarnaike
16. Woman President of a country Maria Estela Peron
17. Woman to Command a Space Mission Colonel Eileen Collins (U.S.A.)
Bill Shepherd (USA),
18. The first residents of International Space station Yuri Gidzanko
and Sergei Krikalev (Russia)
Erik Weihenmayer
19. The first blind man to scale Mt. Everest
(USA, May 25, 2001)

The first Muslim woman to become the Secretary General of

20. lrine Zubeida Khan
Amnesty International
21. The first space astronaut to go into space seven times till date Jerry Ross (U.S.A.)
22. The first South African to become the second space tourist Mark Shuttleworth
23. The first woman Prime Minister of South Korea Ms. Chang Sang
24. The first youngest grandmaster of the world in chess Sergey Karjakin (Ukraine)
The first adventurer flying successfully across the English Channel
25. Felix Baumgartner (July 2003)
without aircraft
26. China's first man in space Yang Liwei
Shirin Ebadi (Nobel Peace Prize
27. The first Muslim woman to receive Nobel Prize
2003)
Kiran Baloch (Pakistani
cricketer,
The woman with the highest individual Test score making a new scoring 242 runs playing women's
28.
world record
cricket test against West Indies in
Karachi in March, 2004)
29. The first woman of the world to climb Mt. Everest four times Lakpa Sherpa (Nepali)
The first woman to cross seven important seas of the world by
30. Bula Chaudhury (India)
swimming
The first aircraft pilot to round the entire world non-stop by his 2
31. Steve Fossett (March 2005)
engine aircraft in 67 hours
The first woman to be appointed as a Governor of a province in
32. Habiba Sorabhi
Afghanistan
Bula Chaudhury (India) (April
33. The first woman of the world to swim across five continents
2005)
Ms. Yelena Isinbayeva
34. The first woman athlete to touch 5.0 meter mark in pole vault
(Russian, July 2005)
Justice Rana Bhagwan Das
35. The first Hindu Chief Justice of Pakistani Supreme Court Took over on Sept. 2, 2005 as
Acting Chief Justice
Allen Johnson Sirleaf (elected
36. The first duly elected woman President of an African country
President of Liberia in Nov. 2005)
Shanshad Akhtar
37. The first woman Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan
(Appointed in Dec. 2005)
Angela Merkel
38. The first woman Chancellor of Germany
(Took over in Nov. 2005)
39. The first woman President of Chile Dr. Michelle Bachelet
Portia Simpson Miller (Feb.
40. The first woman Prime Minister of Jamaica
2006)
41. The first woman foreign Secretary of England Margaret Backett (May 2006)
42. The first double amputee to scale Mt. Everest Mark Inglis (May 15, 2006)

Time to update your GK folks.

1. Which of the following countries is a land locked country in south America?

a. Ecuador
b. Peru
c. Uruguay
d. Bolivia

Ans : d

2. Canary Islands belongs to

a. Norway
b. Spain
c. New Zealand
d. Portugal

Ans : b

3. Titan is the largest natural satellite of planet

a. Mercury
b. Venus
c. Saturn
d. Neptune

Ans : c

4. Which of the following planets rotates clock wise?

a. Pluto
b. Jupiter
c. Venus
d. Mercury

Ans : c

5. A difference of 1 degree in longitude at the Equator is equivalent to nearly

a. 101 km
b. 111 km
c. 121 km
d. 125 km

Ans : b

6. The earliest known Indian script is

a. Mori
b. Devanagari
c. Brahmi
d. Kharosti

Ans : c

7. How many times the preamble was amended

a. once
b. twice
c. thrice
d. four times
Ans : a

8. The term socialist was added in the Preamble by the...amendment

a. 40th
b. 42nd
c. 44th
d. 49th

Ans : b

9. The state with the lowest population in India is

a. Goa
b. Tripura
c. Mizoram
d. Sikkim

Ans : d

10. Which person or organisation received the Nobel Prize three

times so far?
a. Medame Curie
b. Linus Pauling
c. Alexender Flemming
d. International Committee of the Redcross

Ans : d

11. The Finance Commission is appointed for every... year

a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6

Ans : c

12. Under which five year plan did agriculture show a negative growth?
a. 1st plan
b. 2nd plan
c. 3rd plan
d. 4th plan

Ans : c

13. Who is the founder of the Capital city of Agra?

a. Akbar
b. Babar
c. Sikinder Lodi
d. Mubarak Shah Sayyad

Ans: c

14. The first tide generated electricity project was established at

a. Vizhinjam, Kerala
b. Mangalore, Karnataka
c. Paradeep, Orissa
d. Vishakapattanam

Ans : a

15. National Institute of Oceanography is located in :

a. Calcutta
b. Chennai
c. Mangalore
d. Panaji

Ans : d

16. The 2004 Olympics were held in :

a. Bangkok
b. Rome
c. Athens
d. Nagasaki

Ans : c

17. Who headed the committee appointed on Kargil War ?

a. Gen. V. P. Malik
b. Gen. S. K. Sinha
c. K. Subramanyam
d. K. C. Panth

Ans : c

18. The C. K. Nayudu Trophy is related to the sport of

a. cricket
b. Hockey
c. Football
d. Chess

Ans : a

19. New York is situated on the river

a. Hudson
b. Thames
c. Danube
d. Tigris

Ans : a

20. "The Woman of the Millennium" selected by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
is
a. Margaret Thacher
b. Hillary Clinton
c. Chandrika Kumaratunga
d. Indira Gandhi
Ans : d

21. The General Assembly of United Nations meets

a. Once a year
b. twice a year
c. thrice a year
d. Once in five years

Ans : a

22. The "Common Wealth Games 2002" will be held in

a. Toranto
b. Manchester
c. Tokyo
d. Canberra

Ans : b

23. All India Radio commenced operations in

a. 1926
b. 1936
c. 1945
d. 1947

Ans : b

24. The "Killer Instinct" is written by

a. Sulakshan Mohan
b. M.K.Santanam
c. O.P.Sabharwal
d. Subash Jain

Ans : c

25. The Secretary-General of UN is appointed by the

a. Security Council
b. Trusteeship Council
c. General Assembly
d. World Bank

Ans : c

26. Postal Voting is other wise called:

a. external voting
b. secret voting
c. plural voting
d. proxy voting

Ans : d

27. The Common Wealth of Independent states (CIS) consists of....republica?

a. 10
b. 11
c. 12
d. 13

Ans : c

28. Which of the following harbours is considered as the world's finest natural harbour?
a. Sydney harbour
b. Toronto harbour
c. New Jersy harbour
d. Singapore harbour

Ans : a

29. Who invented Radar?

a. Henrey Backquerel
b. Max Planck
c. Robert Watson Watt
d. Humphrey Davy

Ans : c

30. Sandal Wood trees are mostly found in...

a. Trophical Evergreen Forests
b. Tropical most Decidous
c. Alpine forests
d. Trophical Thorn Forests

Ans : d

31. The first country to legalise medically assisted suicide is

a. Switzerland
b. New Zealand
c. USA
d. Netherlands

Ans : d

31. India's newsprint industry is mainly located in

a. Indore
b. Dehradun
c. Nepanagar
d. Nagpur

Ans : c

32. The tomb of Babur is at

a. Kabul
b. Lahore
c. Multan
d. Larkhana

Ans : a
33. The joint session of the two houses is presided by
a. the speaker
b. the president
c. chairman of Rajyasabha
d. none of these

Ans : a

34. The Gandhara school of Art was influenced most by the

a. Greeks
b. Shakas
c. persians
d. Kushans

Ans : a

35. The Simon Commission was appointed in

a. 1927
b. 1928
c. 1929
d. 1930

Ans : c

36. Sikkim became a full fledged state of the Indian Union, in the year ?
a. 1972
b. 1973
c. 1974
d. 1975

Ans : d

37. Who is the founder of Mahabalipuram ?

a. Rajaraja Chola
b. Mahendra Varman
c. Narsimha Varman
d. Narsimha Chola

Ans : c

38. The 189th member of United Nations is

a. Palau
b. Tuvalu
c. Soloman Islands
d. Nauru

Ans : b

39. When was Burma separated from India

a. 1947
b. 1942
c. 1937
c. 1932
Ans : c

40. Which of the following country has more than 55,000 lakes?
a. Poland
b. Denmark
c. Finland
d. Norway

Ans : c

World War I (1914-18)

World War II (1939-45)
Important Days
January 9 NRI Day
January 10 World Laughter Day
January 12 National Youth Day
January 15 Army Day
January 26 India's Republic Day, International Customs Day
January 30 Martyrs' Day; World Leprosy Eradication Day
2nd Sunday of
World Marriage Day
February
February 24 Central Excise Day
February 28 National Science Day
Second Monday March Commonwealth Day
March 8 International Women's Day; Intl. literacy Day
March 15 World Disabled Day; World Consumer Rights Day
March 18 Ordnance Factories Day (India)
March 21 World Forestry Day; International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
March 22 World Day for Water
March 23 World Meteorological Day
March 24 World TB Day
April 5 International Day for Mine Awareness; National Maritime Day
April 7 World Health Day
April 17 World Haemophilia Day
April 18 World Heritage Day
April 21 Secretaries' Day
April 22 Earth Day
April 23 World Book and Copyright Day
May 1 Workers' Day (International Labour Day)
May 3 Press Freedom Day; World Asthma Day
May 2nd Sunday Mother's Day
May 4 Coal Miners' Day
May 8 World Red Cross Day
May 9 World Thalassaemia Day
May 11 National Technology Day
May 12 World Hypertension Day; International Nurses Day
May 15 International Day of the Family
May 17 World Telecommunication Day
May 24 Commonwealth Day
May 31 Anti-tobacco Day
June 4 International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5 World Environment Day
June 3rd Sunday Father's Day
June 14 World Blood Donor Day
June 26 International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
July 1 Doctor's Day
July 6 World Zoonoses Day
July 11 World Population Day
August 3 Internatioal Friendship Day
August 6 Hiroshima Day
August 8 World Senior Citizen's Day
August 9 Quit India Day, Nagasaki Day
August 15 Indian Independence Day
August 18 IntI. Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples
August 19 Photography Day
August 29 National Sports Day
September 2 Coconut Day
September 5 Teachers' Day; Sanskrit Day
September 8 World Literacy Day (UNESCO)
September 15 Engineers' Day
September 16 World Ozone Day
September 21 Alzheimer's Day; Day for Peace & Non-violence (UN)
September 22 Rose Day (Welfare of cancer patients)
September 26 Day of the Deaf
September 27 World Tourism Day
October 1 International Day for the Elderly
October 2 Gandhi Jayanthi
October 3 World Habitat Day
October 4 World Animal Welfare Day
October 8 Indian Air Force Day
October 9 World Post Office Day
October 10 National Post Day
October 2nd Thursday World Sight Day
October 13 UN International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
October 14 World Standards Day
October 15 World White Cane Day (guiding the blind)
October 16 World Food Day
October 24 UN Day; World Development Information Day
October 30 World Thrift Day
November 9 Legal Services Day
November 14 Children's Day; Diabetes Day
November 17 National Epilepsy Day
November 20 Africa Industrialisation Day
November 29 International Day of Solidarity with Palestinian People
December 1 World AIDS Day
December 3 World Day of the Handicapped
December 4 Indian Navy Day
December 7 Indian Armed Forces Flag Day
December 10 Human Rights Day; IntI. Children's Day of Broadcasting
December 18 Minorities Rights Day (India)
December 23 Kisan Divas (Farmer's Day) (India)

PRESIDENTS OF INDIA

DR.RAJENDRA PRASAD - 1950-1962

DR.SARVEPALLI RADHAKRISHNAN - 1962-1967
DR.ZAKIR HUSSAIN - 1967-1969
V.V.GIRI (Acting) - MAY-JULY 1969
JUSTICE MOHAMMED HIDAYATULLAH (Acting) - JULY-AUG
1969
V.V.GIRI - 1969-1974
FAKRUDDIN ALI AHMED - 1974-1977
B.D.JATTI (Acting) - FEB-JULY 1977
NEELAM SANJIVA REDDY - 1977-1982
GIANI ZAIL SINGH - 1982-1987
R.VENKATARAMAN - 1987-1992
DR.SHANKAR DAYAL SHARMA - 1992-1997
K.R.NARAYANAN - 1997-2002
DR.A.P.J.ABDUL KALAM - 2002-

VICE-PRESIDENTS OF
INDIA

DR.SARVEPALLI RADHAKRISHNAN - 1952-1962

DR.ZAKIR HUSSAIN - 1962-1967
V.V.GIRI - 1967-1969
BAL SWAROOP PATHAK - 1969-1974
DR.M.JATTI - 1974-1979
JUSTICE MOHD HIDAYATULLAH - 1979-1984
S.VENKATARAMAN - 1984-1987
DR.SHANKAR DASYAL SHARMA - 1987-1992
K.R.NARAYANAN - 1992-1997
KISHAN KANT - 1997-2002
BHAIRON SINGH SHEKHAWAT - 2002-

PRIME MINISTERS OF
INDIA
 JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU - 1947-1964
GULZARI LAL NANDA (Acting) - MAY-JUNE 1964
LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI - 1964-1966
GULZARI LAL NANDA (Acting) - 11-24,JAN 1966
INDIRA GANDHI - 1966-1977
MORARJI DESAI - 1977-1979
CHARAN SINGH - 1979-1980
INDIRA GANDHI - 1980-1984
RAJIV GANDHI - 1984-1989
V.P.SINGH - 1989-1990
CHANDRASEKHAR - 1990-1991
P.V.NARASIMHA RAO - 1991-1996
ATAL BIHARI VAJPAYEE - 1996
H.D.DEVE GOWDA - 1997
INDER KUMAR GRJRAL - 1997-1998
ATAL BIHARI VAJPAYEE - 1998-1999
ATAL BIHARI VAJPAYEE - 1999-2004
DR.MANMOHAN SINGH - 2004-

SPEAKERS OF LOK
SABHA

G.V.MAVALANKAR - 1952-1956
M.A.AYYANGER - 1956-1957
M.A.AYYANGER - 1957-1962
HUKAM SINGH - 1962-1967
N.SANJIVA REDDY - 1967-1969
DR.G.S.DHILLON - 1969-1971
DR.G.S.DHILLON - 1971-1975
BALIRAM BHAGAT - 1976-1977
N.SANJIVA REDDY - 1977-1977
K.D.HEGDE - 1977-1980
DR.BALRAM JAKHAR - 1980-1985
DR.BALRAM JAKHAR - 1985-1989
RABI RAY - 1989-1991
SHIVRAJ PATIL - 1991-1996
P.A.SANGMA - 1996-1998
G.M.C.BALYOGI - 1998-1999
G.M.C.BALYOGI - 1999-2002
MANOHAR JOSHI - 2002-2004

Somanath chatargi 2004-

Nobel Prize 2007 Winners

Physics:
Albert Fert (France) and Peter Grünberg (Germany) "for the discovery of Giant
Magnetoresistance"
Chemistry:

Gerhard Ertl (Germany) "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"
Physiology or Medicine:

Mario R. Capecchi, (USA) Sir Martin J. Evans (UK) and Oliver Smithies (USA) "for their
discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of
embryonic stem cells"
Literature:

Doris Lessing (UK) "that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and
visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny"
Peace:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.
(USA) "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made
climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract
such change"
Prize in Economics:

Leonid Hurwicz, (USA) Eric S. Maskin (USA) and Roger B. Myerson (USA) "for having
laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"

OLYMPIC GAMES (1896-2012) : AT A GLANCE

S.
Year Place and Host Country Countries securing first, second and third positions
No.
1. 1896 Athens, Greece USA, Greece, Germany
2. 1900 Paris, France France, USA, UK
3. 1904 St. Louis, U.S.A. USA, Cuba, Germany
4. 1908 London, U.K. UK, USA, Sweden
5. 1912 Stockholm, Sweden USA, Sweden, UK
6. 1916 Berlin, Germany Abandoned due to World War-I
7. 1920 Antwerp, Belgium USA, Sweden, UK
8. 1924 Paris, France USA, Finland, France
9. 1928 Amsterdam, Netherland USA, Germany, Finland
10. 1932 Los Angles, USA USA, Italy, France
11. 1936 Berlin, Germany Germany, USA, Hungary
12. 1940 Helsinki, Finland Abandoned due to World War-II
13. 1944 London, U.K. Abandoned due to World War-II
14. 1948 London, U.K. USA, Sweden, France
15. 1952 Helsinki, Finland USA, USSR, Hungary
16. 1956 Melbourne, Australia USSR, USA, Australia
17. 1960 Rome, Italy USSR, USA, Italy
18. 1964 Tokyo, Japan USA, USSR, Japan
19. 1968 Mexico City, Mexico USA, USSR, Japan
20. 1972 Munich, W. Germany USSR, USA, East Germany
21. 1976 Montreal, Canada USSR, East Germany, USA
22. 1980 Moscow, Russia USSR, East Germany, Bulgaria
23. 1984 Los Angles, U.S.A. USA, Rumania, West Germany
24. 1988 Seoul, S. Korea USSR, East Germany, USA
25. 1992 Barcelona, Spain CIS, USA, Germany
26. 1996 Atlanta, U.S.A. USA, Russia, Germany
27. 2000 Sydney, Australia USA, Russia, Germany
28. 2004 Athens, Greece USA, China, Russia
29. 2008 Beijing, China China,usa,
30. 2012 London (UK) Scheduled

Government : At Union Level

The President
Vice-President
Council of Ministers
Parliament / Legislature
Representation In Rajya Sabha
Representation of States and Union Territories In the Lok Sabha
Supreme Court
Attorney-General
 Comptroller and Auditor General
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)

Nath stated that India’s exports have almost doubled from Rs.293367 crore in 2003-04 to
Rs.563800 crore during 2006-07. India’s exports grew at an average annual growth rate
of about 25 per cent during the past 3 years.

The FDI equity inflows during the year 2003-04 stood at Rs.10237 crore and have risen
to Rs.70630 crore during the year 2006-07, amounting to a cumulative growth of 700 per
cent.

The publication said by choosing “FDI personality of the Year” it recognises the political
and business leaders around the world who have been the most proactive and innovative
in securing foreign investment.

States
Andhra Pradesh Jharkhand Punjab
Arunachal Pradesh Karnataka Rajasthan
Assam Kerala Sikkim
Bihar Madhya Pradesh Tamil Nadu
Chhattisgarh Maharashtra Tripura
Goa Manipur Uttarakhand
Gujarat Meghalaya Uttar Pradesh
Haryana Mizoram West Bengal
Himachal Pradesh Nagaland
Jammu and Kashmir Orissa

Union Territories
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Daman and Diu Lakshadweep
Chandigarh Delhi Puducherry
Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Table of Precedence (Govt. of India)

1. President

2. Vice-President

3. Prime Minister

4. Governors of States (within their respective States)

5. Former Presidents
5a. Deputy Prime Minister

6. Chief Justice of India; Speaker of Lok Sabha

7. Cabinet Ministers of the Union; Chief Ministers of States (within their respective States); Deputy
Chairman, Planning Commission; Former Prime Ministers; Leaders of Opposition in Rajya Sabha
and Lok Sabha
7a. Holders of Bharat Ratna decoration
8. Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and High Commissioners of Commonwealth
countries accredited to India. Chief Ministers of States (outside their respective States); Governors
of States (outside their respective States)

9. Judges of Supreme Court

9a. Chief Election Commissioner; Comptroller & Auditor General of India

10. Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha; Deputy Chief Ministers of States; Deputy Speaker, Lok Sabha;
Members of the Planning Commission; Ministers of State of the Union and any other Minister in the
Ministry of Defence for defence matters.

11. Attorney General of India; Cabinet Secretary; Lieutenant Governors (within their respective Union
Territories.

12. Chiefs of Staff holding the rank of full General or equivalent rank.

13. Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary accredited to India.

14. Chairmen and Speakers of State Legislatures within their respective States; Chief Justices of High
Courts within their respective jurisdictions.

15. Cabinet Ministers in States within their respective States; Chief Ministers of Union Territories and
Chief Executive Councilor, Delhi, within their respective Union Territories; Deputy Ministers of the
Union.

16. Officiating Chiefs of Staff holding the rank of Lieutenant General or equivalent rank.

17. Chairman, Central Administrative Tribunal; Chairman, Minorities Commission; Chairman,

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Commission; Chairman, Union Public Service
Commission; Chief Justices of High Courts outside their respective jurisdictions; Puisne Judges of
High Courts within their respective jurisdictions.

18. Cabinet Ministers in States outside their respective States; Chairmen and Speakers of State
Legislatures outside their respective States; Chairman, Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices
Commission; Deputy Chairman and Deputy Speakers of State Legislatures within their respective
States. Legislatures within their respective States; Ministers of State in States within their
respective States. Ministers of Union Territories and Executive Councilors, Delhi, within their
respective Union Territories; Speakers of Legislative Assemblies in Union Territories and Chairman
of Delhi Metropolitan Council within their respective Union Territories.

19. Chief Commissioners of Union Territories not having Councils of Ministers, within their respective
Union Territories; Deputy Ministers in States within their respective States; Deputy Speakers of
Legislative Assemblies in Union Territories and Deputy Chairman of metropolitan Council Delhi,
within their respective Union Territories.

20. Deputy Chairmen and Deputy Speakers of State Legislatures, outside their respective states;
Ministers of State in States outside their respective States; Puisne Judges of High Courts outside
their respective jurisdictions.

21. Members of Parliament.

22. Deputy Ministers in State outside their respective States

23. Army Commanders/ Vice-Chief of the Army Staff or equivalent in other services; Chief Secretaries
to State Governments within their respective States; Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities;
Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; Members, Minorities Commission;
Members, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Commission; Officers of the rank of full
General or equivalent rank; Secretaries to the Government of India (including officers holding this
office ex-officio); Secretary, Minorities Commission. Secretary, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes Commission. Secretary to the President; Secretary to the Prime Minister; Secretary, Rajya
Sabha / Lok Sabha Solicitor General; Vice-Chairman, Central Administrative Tribunal.
 24. Officers of the rank of Lieutenant General or equivalent rank.

25. Additional Secretaries to the Government of India; Additional Solicitor General; Advocate Generals
of States; Chairman, Tariff Commission; Charged’ Affairs and Acting High Commissioners a pied
and ad interim; Chief Ministers of Union Territories and Chief Executive Councillor, Delhi, outside
their respective Union Territories; Chief Secretaries of State Governments outside their respective
States; Deputy Comptroller and Auditor General; Deputy Speakers of Legislative Assemblies in
Union Territories and Deputy Chairman, Delhi Metropolitan Council, outside their respective Union
Territories; Director, Central Bureau of Investigation; Director General, Border Security Force;
Director General, Central Reserve Police; Director, Intelligence Bureau; Lieutenant Governor
outside their respective Union Territories. Members, Central Administrative Tribunal. Members,
Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission; Members, Union Public Service
Commission; Ministers of Union Territories and Executive Councillors, Delhi , outside their
respective Union Territories; Principal Staff Officers of the Armed Forces of the rank of major
General or equivalent rank; Speakers of Legislative Assemblies in Union Territories and Chairman
of Delhi, Metropolitan Council, outside their respective Union Territories.

26. Joint Secretaries to the Government of India and officers of equivalent rank; Officers of the rank of
Major-General or equivalent rank.

MAMMALS
Largest and Heaviest Blue Whale
Average length 30.5 m
Largest ever recorded 33.58 m
Pregnant female may weigh 203 tones

Smallest Land Mammal Kitti's hog-nosed Bat (Found in Thailand)2

Wing span 16 cm
weight 1.75 to 2 g

Smallest Marine Mammal Probably Heaviside's dolphin (Found in South

Atlantic)
Length 1.22 m
Weight 41 kg

Rarest Mammal Rarest Mammal Aspecies of tenrec from Madagascar is only known
from a single specimen.

Fastest Mammal Cheetah (found in Africa, Middle East, W. Asia) can

run at 100 kph over short distances.
Pronhorn antelope (Found in USA)
Can run at 60 kph over long distances.

Slowest Mammal Three-toedsloth (found in South America) covers

about 5 m a minute in trees, and only 2 m aminute on
the ground.

Highest Mammal Yak (found in Tibet and China) climbs to 6000 m to

feed.

REPTILES
Largest and Heaviest Estuarine Crocodile (found in Asia, Australia)
Average length (male) up to 4.3 m
Longest ever recorded 8.23 m

Largest Lizard Komodo dragon (found in Indonesian Island)

length up to 3 m
largest Turtle Pacific leatherback turtle
Average length (male) up to 2.13 m
weight up to 363 kg.

Fastest Amphibian (On Land) Six-linedracerunner (found in USA)

can run at 29 kph

Fastest Amphibian (In Water) (In Water) Pacific Leatherback turtle can swim at 35
kph

Longest Snake Reticulated Python (found in India and South-east

Asia)
Average length more than 6 m
Longest ever recorded 10 m

Most Poisonous Snake Sea Snake (found in North West Australia)

Most Poisonous Land Snake Fierce Snake(found in Australia) has most toxic
venom.

AMPHIBIANS
Largest Amphibian Chinese gaintsalamander
Average length 1m
Longest ever recorded 1.52 m
Weight 11 to 13 kg.

Largest Frog Goliath Frog (found in Africa)

Length of body 33.5 cm

Largest Toad Probably marinetoad (found in South America)

Length 22.9 cm.

Largest Newt Ribbed newt (found in Africa)

Length upto 40 cm
Weight 450 g

Highest Toad Common toad

One found in Himalayas at 8000 m

Most Poisonous Kokoiarrow-poison frog (found in South America)

A tiny amount of toxin is enough to kill a man.

Smallest Newt Striped newt (found in USA)

length 5.1 cm

BIRDS
Largest Bird (Flightless) North African Ostrich
Height (male) 2.74 m
Weight 156.5 kg
eggs up to 20 cm long

Largest Wing Span Wandering albatross (found in Southern Oceans)

Average length (male) 3.15 m
Largest ever recorded 3.6 m

Smallest Bird Helena's humming bird (found in Cuba)

Average length (male) 5.8 cm
(head and body 1.5 cm)
Weight 2 g
Egg 1.14 cm long
Rarest Bird Mauritius Kestrel (found in Mauritius)
About 5 are thought to remain.

Fastest Bird Spine-tailed swift (found in Russia and Himalayas)

flies at 171 kph

Longest Flight Arctic tern

May cover 40,000 km a year migrating from Arctic to
Antarctic and back.

Fastest Under Water Gentoo Penguin swims at 36 kph

Largest Nest Bald eagles

one was 2.9 m wide and 6 m deep.

FISHES
Largest Fish (Plankton-eating) Whale Shark
Largest ever recorded 18.5 m long.

Largest Fish (Meat Eating) Great white shark (the man-eater)

Average length up to 4.57 m.

Heaviest Bony Fish Ocean sunfish is the heaviest

largest ever recorded 2.28 tonnes.

Longest Bony Fish Russian sturgeon or Beluga

Length up to 8 m

Fastest Fish Probably Sailfish

fastest ever recorded 109 kph

Most Poisonous Fish Stonefish (foundin Indian and Pacific Oceans)

Poison carried in spines can cause a person's death
within a few hours.

Most Electric Electric eel (found in South America)

can produce 400 to 500 volts.

INSECTS
Largest Insect Goliath beetle (found in Africa)
Weight (male) 100g

Longest Insect Tropical stick insect

Length up to 33 cm

Largest locust Swarn
A Swarn of desert locusts that crossed the Red Sea in
1889.
Swarn estimated to contain 250,000,000 insects
weighing about 500,000 tonnes and covering 5,000
sq. km

Largest Butterfly Queen Alexandra bird wing (found in Guinea)

Wing span 28 cm, weight 5 g

Most Dangerous Ant Black bulldog ant (found in Australia and Tasmaina)
One bite can kill a man.

Fastest Wing Beat A tiny midge can beat its wings 1000 times a second.