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Transformer Installation - Some Best Practices
Transformer Installation - Some Best Practices
Transformer Installation - Some Best Practices
There are many problems that can be avoided during transformer installation simply by installing the
transformer in the correct environment. Many difficulties and safety hazards can be avoided or minimized
by keeping certain factors in mind while positioning a transformer, before it is set up and connected.
Likewise, the location can have a bearing on how the transformer should be set up, and what precautions
should be taken in the future.
The Standards - Installing transformers in accordance with the ANSI, NEMA, and IEEE standards is
critical to ensuring a safe electrical installation as well as a reliable power supply system - especially for
those applications where power quality is an issue. Transformer installation is one of the most common-
yet-complicated installation practices that are cause for considerable confusion when sizing Over Current
Protection Devices (OCPDs) and bonding and grounding conductors.
Many electrical installations can be a challenge in terms of NEC requirements, and transformers can raise
that challenge to a new level. A properly designed installation will ensure the conductors and equipment
are properly sized, protected and also deal with the overriding issue of grounding. Incorrect installation
can lead to fires from improper protection or conductor sizes, as well as electric shock from inadequate
grounding.
This article will provide a brief overview of important considerations to keep in mind during installation, of
transformers located outdoors and indoors, and for dry-type vs. liquid-filled transformers.
1. Permanent Grounding: Once the transformer is placed permanently - before further inspection
is carried out and before assembling the unit - the tank should be permanently grounded with a
correctly sized and properly installed permanent ground.
2. Humidity: No access should be permitted to the transformer liquid-filled compartment in
conditions of excessive humidity or rain. If humidity exceeds 70% for example, dry air should be
continuously pumped into the gas space. Liquid-filled transformers that are shipped with Nitrogen
in the gas space must be purged by pumping dry air for at least 30 minutes before service
personnel can enter the tank. Oxygen concentrations of 19.5% to 23.5% are advised.
3. Fluid Inspection: If the insulating liquid for inspection needs to be drawn down, make sure you
have equipment for clean and dry storage of the liquid during inspection and for filtering the liquid
prior to refilling the tank. It is very important that all associated equipment used in the handling of
the fluid (hoses, pumps, etc.) are also very clean and dry. If this equipment was used before with
a different type of fluid, clean all contaminated items. When you remove the liquid, its level should
not go below the top of windings.
Outdoor Transformers
For transformers to be kept outdoors, some of the chief considerations are keeping the public safe - and
keeping the transformers safe from outside elements - are:
Indoor Transformers
Transformers kept indoors have further considerations to keep in mind:
Structural integrity: It can be a good idea to keep particularly heavy transformers as close to
columns as possible, since that is where they will be supported best.
Ventilation: Transformers need to be properly ventilated to reduce the chance of their
overheating. Large transformers should not be kept installed against walls, so that as much
surface area as possible is exposed to the outside air. Likewise, transformers kept in restricted
spaces should be given enough space to ensure that proper ventilation occurs. There should be
enough space and ventilation for the transformer so that its surroundings remain at room
temperature.
Noise: .Locations that has sound-absorbent materials on the walls can be the best, or for
especially loud transformers they can be kept in areas without many people.
Water: Excess water is damaging for both dry-type and liquid-filled transformers. If sources of
water are unavoidable, then the transformer should be given protection against them such that no
water gets inside.
Contaminants: The presence of air borne contaminants can be a problem for transformers.
They should be kept, as much as possible, away from sources of excess dust or chemical
pollutants that might damage them.
Liquid-filled Transformers
There are a few requirements that are specific to liquid-filled transformers. These are,
Since liquid-filled transformers are fire hazards, their location must match up to the relevant fire
hazard specifications.
Keeping safety in mind, they should also be positioned so that the possibility of leakages will not
endanger anyone.
Dry-type transformers, on the other hand, overheat more easily than liquid-filled transformers, and can be
more susceptible to air contaminants. For these reasons, e,
When installing dry-type transformers, their ventilation must be kept a priority. They should have
easy access to clean, dry air, and given enough space that heat is able to dissipate easily.
Likewise, the air should be clean, kept free of dust and other pollutants. A location with filtered air
may be optimal.
Although finding the appropriate location for a transformer during installation can seem secondary to
installing it correctly, the right location can ultimately reduce costs, and prevent potential safety hazards.
Keeping the type of transformer being installed, its purpose and its surroundings in mind during
installation is one way to minimize future headaches.