RAHPNewsLetter

No.13

HighTemperature
GasCooledReactor(HTGR)
DevelopmentsintheWorld
PresentStatusandFuturePlans

March2014

ResearchAssociationof
HighTemperatureGasCooledReactorPlant
(RAHP),Tokyo,Japan
1
Introduction:
This News Letter is a brief summary of High Temperature Gas Cooled
Reactor (HTGR or HTR) plant developments in the world, including their
backgrounds,targets,presentstatusandfutureplans,asofMarch31,2014.
ItisannuallyreviewedandissuedbyResearchAssociationofHTGRPlant
(RAHP), which is structured by Japanese industry (utility companies and
nuclear plant vendors, etc.) and academia, as a part of promotion activities
on HTGR reactor plants for industry, government, academia and the general
publicofJapanandabroad.

Backgrounds,targetsandcurrenttrendsofHTGRdevelopments:
Intheworld,now,populationisgrowingandpeoplesleveloflifeis
increasing,andthen,
Sustainability of energy (electric power, heat, transportation
fuels,etc.),waterandfoods
Protectionofglobalenvironment
arebecomingthecommonsubjectstosolve.
Asthecountermeasures,Unconventionalfossilfuel,suchasoilsandand
shale gas, and Low carbon and clean energy, such as nuclear energy and
hydrogen,areunderenergeticallydevelopment.Nuclearenergy,inparticular,
is reviewed in light of its sustainability, diversity and cleanliness, and even
after Fukushima accident happened in March 2011, although some
countries have targeted to Away from nuclear, many countries are
promoting nuclear energy development and/or its introduction, through
enhancementofsafetyunderSevereAccidentconditions.
HTGRsareunder developmentbyadvancedcountries,andlargedemand
andresourcecountriesaswell,inlightof;
inherentsafety,hightemperatureenergies(8001,000C;highly
efficient electricity generation, hydrogen (H2) production,
industrialprocessheatapplications),nuclearnonproliferation,
effectiveuseofnaturalresources,industrialpromotion,etc.,
2
in addition to the above mentioned common characteristics of nuclear
energy.
AtpresentonHTGRs,Test&ResearchReactorprogramsareinprogress
in Japan and China, Prototype & Demonstration Reactor programs,
targeting operational start in about 2020, are in progress in China, USA and
Kazakhstan, and many related developments including new plant design
proposalsareunderwayinmanycountries.
HTGRs,inpresentpursuit,areallSmallModularReactor(SMR)sofless
than 600MWt/300MWe/module, and their target demands are, taking into
accountofmarketabilityandtechnologicalmaturity;
(Innearfuturein2020s) Attemperatureslessthanabout850
C: Steam cycle; Power generations and midlow temperature
heat applications such as hydrogen production, coal reforming,
oilsandrecovery&reforming,seawaterdesalination,etc.
(In future in 2030s) At temperatures above about 900 C:
Gas cycle; Efficient power generations and highmidlow
temperature heat applications such as efficient H2 production,
fertilizer production, fuel cell vehicle (FCV), steel making with
H2reduction,etc.
World current status of HTGR developments is summarized below on
country basis. And development programs are shown in Tables 13 on stage
basis,andreactorplantconceptsand/orprocessheatapplicationsareshown
inFigures114onexamplebasis.

DevelopmentStatusoncountrybasis:
(1)USA
(11)NextGenerationNuclearPlant(NGNP)Program:
Since1993,USA(DepartmentofEnergy(DOE),GeneralAtomics(GA)and
Oakridge National Laboratory (ORNL), jointly with Russia (Minatom
(presentlyRosatom)andOKBM),hasbeendevelopingGasTurbineModular
Helium Reactor (GTMHR) for nuclear nonproliferation (incineration of
surplus plutonium (Pu) from weapon dismantling) and power generation.
Thecodevelopmentiscontinuingwithreducedscale.
3
Since 2005, DOE has been promoting Next Generation Nuclear Plant
(NGNP, actually HTGR plant) program, based on Energy Policy Act
(EPA2005). On its way, taking into account of demand trend and
technologicalmaturity,itsmainpurposehasbeenchangedfromHydrogen
(& power generation) to Heat applications (& power generation), and
then coolant outlet target temperatures from higher than 950 C to
750800Cforthetimebeing.
Works of Phase 1 (20052010; plant conceptual design, technological
selection) had almost been finished, but it was decided not to proceed to
originally programed Phase 2 (20112021; plant detailed design,
construction and demonstration), due to the reasons listed below, and
presently R&D works are under way with reduced scale, such as
manufacturingandirradiationcharacterizationofcoatedparticlefuels(CPFs)
andhighqualitygraphitematerials.
Although its potential demand is great, such as cogeneration
(heat & power), hydrogen production, recovery and reforming
of oil sand (synthetic fuel production for transportation), etc.,
further34M$isneededtocompletethetotalprogram.
Enhanced cooperation between government & industry
(participation by plant vendors, owners, operators and
endusers)isneeded.
Selection of core design, plant site and its completion date are
neededtobereviewed.
During Phase 1, US and international industries have participated and
cooperated to the program. GA has proposed advanced versions of above
GTMHR, such as Hydrogen production MHR (H2MHR), Steam cycle MHR
(SCMHR) and Deep burn MHR (DBMHR), Westinghouse (WH) has
proposed an advanced version of South African PBMR, and Areva (USA)
has proposed an advanced version of Antares SCHTGR, respectively. And
Japanese Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), Toshiba and Fuji Electric have
participatedandcooperatedinthoseproposals.
AndNGNPIndustryAlliance,formedbynuclearplantvendors,utilities,
chemicals, etc., sorted customers requirements, showed potential market
survey results, such as about 800 reactor modules in North America, and
requestedforthegovernmentonnational&strategicpromotionoftheNGNP
4
plant demonstration program. And independently of the government, it
selected abovementioned SCHTGR as most desirable plant design, and is
selectingsitesforplantconstruction,targetingdesigncertificationapplication
in2015.
DOE is, on the other hand, since 2010, energetically promoting
developmentofSmallModularReactors(SMRs)includingHTGRs,inlightof
enhancementofdomesticmanufacturingindustriesandemployments.
(12)NationalProjectManagementCorp.(NPMC)PebbleBedModularReactor
GasTurbineDeepBurn(PBMRGTDB)Program:
In2013,NPMC,inalliancewithSouthAfricanPBMR(referto(5)),started
PBMRGTDBProgram.Itistargetingtreatment&disposalofLWRspentfuels
(incinerationofPlutonium(Pu)andTransuranicelements(TRUs),whichUSis
presentlyconfrontedwith,andpowergeneration,H2productionandprocess
heat applications as well. And it is situated to support and supplement
already running DOE programs of NGNP, Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
(GNEP)andAdvancedFuelCycleInitiative(AFCI).
New York State and Oswego City, etc. have already promised to fund in
several hundred M$ scale. Its development in South Africa, utilizing World
Bank finance, and equipments manufacturing and commercialization in USA
are assumed. In July 2013, it was applied to DOE for SMR development
support.
(13)Xe100Program:
Similarly with the above, Xenergy has raised a HTGR development
program, in collaboration with South African PBMR, targeting treatment and
disposalofLWRspentfuelsandprocessheatapplications,etc..Atpresent,its
applicabilitystudyonCoaltoGasification(CTG)isunderway,takingaprocess
modelofSouthAfricannationalcoaltogas/liquidcompanySASOL.

(2)Canada:StarCorePebbleBedReactor(SPB)program:
StarCore(CanadaandUSA)isdeployingthisprogrammainlytargetingon
dispersed and/or remote land demands (minings, small towns, military
strategic bases, etc.), and is under preparation of licensing application to
5
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, targeting initial deployment in 2015.
Remoteoperation & control of nuclear reactor bymeans of communication
satelliteisproposed.

(3)Russia
(31)GasTurbineModularHTR(GTMHR)program:
Russia is continuing R&D of an advanced version of GTMHR (refer to
(11)), including developments of power conversion system (PCS)
equipmentsandCoatedParticleFuel(CPF)s.
(32)MHRTprogram:
Based on the GTMHR technology, Rosatom and OKBM are deploying a
new version MHRT, aiming at H2 production etc., and evaluating its
potential market of several hundred reactor modules in Russian economic
domain.

(4)Europe
MembercountriesofEuropeanUnion(EU),suchasFranceandGermany,
are deploying nuclear energy joint development strategy, composed of 3
pillars of Next Generation LWRs, Fast Reactors and HTGRs (for hydrogen
productionandheatapplications).Sofar,theyhavebeenpromotingaseries
of HTGR programs, such as European Sustainable Nuclear Energy
Technology Platform (SNETP), Reactor for Process Heat, Hydrogen and
Electricity Generation (RAPHAEL), End User Requirements for Industrial
Process Heat Applications with Innovative Nuclear Reactors for Sustainable
EnergySupply(EUROPAIRES).Andnow,basedontheabovefruits,theyare
promoting Advanced Reactor for Cogeneration of Heat & Electricity R&D
(Archer)andNuclearCogenerationIndustrialInitiative(NC21).
In France, in addition to the above coactivities, Areva has been
developing an advanced French version of GTMHR (refer to (11)) Arevas
New Technology and Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor for Energy Supply
(Antares) and then, ArevaUSA proposed its further advanced version
SteamCycleHTGR(SCHTGR)forUSNGNPprogram(referto(11)).
6
In Poland, government, jointly with university and industry, started a
feasibilitystudyprogramonHTGRconstructioninPoland(HTRPL).

(5)SouthAfrica
(51)PebbleBedModularReactor(PBMR)program:
Since 1993, as a part of national energy strategy, national electricity
supply company ESKOM had been promoting PBMR development &
demonstration program, based on German modular HTGR design (HTRM)
technology,andgloballyaffectingtoGeneration4(Gen.4)Reactorand/or
Small Modular Reactor (SMR) development programs. The program itself,
however, had been terminated in 2010, due to Lehman Shock related
nationalbankruptcy.
Possibilities of its restoration or reutilization are in pursuit, while
maintaining its fuel fabrication facility, developmental test facilities and
intellectual properties. In relation to this PBMR, NPMC/PBMRGT and
Xe100 (USA) and/or TH100 (South Africa) programs (refer to (12), (13),
and(52),respectively)arecurrentlyunderproposaloralreadyinprocess.
(52)Thorium(TH)100program:
In 2011, Steenkampskraal Ltd. (STL), one of thorium (Th) mining
companiesinS.Africa,startedThoriumfueledHTRTH100program,touse
Thasfuel(fertilizer),incomparisonofuranium(U)fuelincaseofPBMR.Th
is one of the byproducts of rareearth (RE) mining in the country, and is
positionedinthisprogramasoneofeffectiveusagesand/orsupplementor
alternativeofUfuelinfuture.
Already finished its reactor plant conceptual design, it is under
establishment of a consortium for its detailed design, construction and
operation. Commercial Th production is under plan to start in 2014, and its
initialreactormoduleplantisassumedtooperationalstartinabout2022.

7
(6)China
(61)HighTemperatureReactorTestModule(HTR10)program:
HTGR development is positioned as one of the important items in
national energy strategy. As a part of it, this HTR10 program is in progress.
Phase 1 (Steam Turbine Cycle: HTR10ST) is continuing, and transitional
works to Phase 2 (Gas Turbine Cycle: HTR10GT) are under way, including
magneticbearingdevelopment.
(62)HighTemperatureReactorPebbleBedModule(HTRPM)program:
This program is of HTGR plant demonstration and commercialization,
based on experiences of HTR10 (refer to (61) above). At first, HTRPM
demonstrationplantstarteditsconstructioninDecember2012inShidaoBay
area, Shangdong Province, after passing safety review after Fukushima
AccidentofMarch2011.Itsoperationalstartisscheduledinlate2017.
Asforcommercializationprogram,total18reactormodulesareplanned
to be installed at the same site above. Reactor module uprate, H2
production,Thfuelutilization,etc.areunderconsiderationforfutureplans.
(63)PutianandRuijinHTRPrograms:
In 2013, China Construction & Nuclear Engineering Group (CNEC) and
Putian City in Fujian Province, announced on HTGR plant introduction plan,
as one of major economic development programs in the provincial center
city. It is targeting promotion of employment, coal gasification/liquefaction
(CTG/CTL),waterdesalination,plantexportation,etc..
Ruijin City in Jiangxi Province announced on a similar HTGR plant
introductionplan.

(7) South Korea: Water/Hydrogen/Electricity/Nuclear Integrate (WHEN) &

NuclearHydrogenDevelopment&Demonstration(NHDD)program:
As part of national energy strategy, these programs are in process.
Utilities, heavy industries, steels, etc. are participating in these in alliance,
and NGNP Industry Alliance in US (refer to (21)) is also participating since
2013.Plantdemonstrationisplannedtobeactivein2026.
8
(8)Kazakhstan:KazakhstanHTR(KHTR)program:
This is an experimental & demonstration plant program, and in process
as part of national strategy of import and domestic fixation of foreign
advanced technologies as prices of export of natural resources (such as U,
iron ore, REs, etc.). Japan (Japan Atomic Energy Research and Development
Agency (JAEA), Toshiba, Fuji Electric, Nuclear Fuel Industries (NFI), etc.) is
fully supporting this program in terms of technology, plant design and
education.

(9)Japan
Situation of nuclear energy in Japan has drastically changed due to
Fukushima Accident. The political power at that time (Democratic Party)
declared of Zero nuclear energy policy. Although the power has changed
toLiberalDemocraticPartyNewKomeitoCoalitioninlate2012,itisstillnot
clear whether it will start reactor plant operations after safety review,
recess nuclear energy, new reactor developments, export, or not.
Nationalenergydevelopmentprogramitselfisnotyetreestablished.
Since 1970s, HTGR has been under continuous development from view
point of multipurpose utilization of nuclear energy such as nuclear steel
makeetc.,includingexecutionofbasicR&D,design,construction,operation
ofHighTemperatureEngineering&TestReactor(HTTR)(referto(91))anda
seriesofsafetydemonstrationusingthereactor.
Japanisatthefrontendinitskeytechnologies,suchasCPFproduction,
high quality graphite structural material production, He gas turbine design,
H2production(ISprocess),largesizesteelforgingsforPressureVessel,etc..
AlthoughJapanhasnoHTGRcommercialdeploymentplanatpresent,its
participation or cooperation in HTGR development programs in USA, China
and Kazakhstan and its international leadership in technology development
arestronglyrequired.Japanhasbeencooperatinginplantdesignproposals
in US NGNP, supply of graphite materials to Chinese HTR10 and HTRPM,
and full support in Kazakhstan program (refer to (11), (61), (62), and (8),
respectively), national positioning of this reactor plant development and its
execution are needed in a hurry, from viewpoints of global energy,
environment,contribution,businessdeploymentstrategy,etc..
9
(91)HTTRprogram:
Thereactorplanthasbeenenforcedtobeinundershutdowncondition
since Fukushima Accident. JAEA, however, is executing a series of
engineeringR&Ds,suchasrelatedequipmentdevelopments,H2production
development and demonstration, and OECD/NEA Loss of Forced Cooling
InternationalCollaborationTest(HTTRLOFC),usingHTTR.
(92) Gas Turbine HTR (GTHTR300), Small Steam Cycle Reactor (HTR50S,
MHR50/100is), Naturally Safe Reactor (NSHTR), Clean Burn Reactor
(CBHTR)programs:
JAEA, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) and Toshiba, etc. are,
independentlyorjointly,promotingconceptualdesignsofreactorandplant,
marketsurvey,anddevelopmentaltestsonantioxidationCPFsandgraphite
materials,fromnewviewpointsofavarietyofglobalandhugeheat&power
needs,incinerationtreatmentofPuandTRUstobederivedfromLightWater
Reactor (LWR) spent fuels, pursuit of ultimately safe reactor which is safely
capable to respond even under severe accident (SA) conditions, such as
water and/or air ingress into reactor, taking Fukushima Accident into
consideration.
In these, series design of Gas Turbine HTR (GTHTR300; for power
generation(X),H2generation(H),cogeneration(C)andwaterfree(A)),
Small Steam Cycle HTR (HTR50S, MHR 50/100is), Naturally Safe HTR
(NSHTR),andCleanBurnHTR(CBHTR)areincluded.

InformationSources:
(1) International conferences: HTR2010 (Czech), ASME 2011 SMR (USA),
HTR2012(Japan),ANSSMR2013,
(2) web: HTGR, HTR, SMR, Gen.4 reactor, nuclear heat applications
(hydrogenproduction,synfuel),

10
Inquiriesto:
Research Association of HTGR Plant (RAHP), in The Institute of Applied
Energy(IAE),Tokyo,Japan:
Tel:+81335088891Fax:+81335011735Email:rahp@iae.or.jp

11
Table1. Test&ResearchReactorProgramsataglance
(asofMar.2014)(Testandresearchprograms,usingactualnuclearreactor)
Name,Organ,
Country
Background,Purpose,
Parameter
Presentstatus,Futureplan
HTTR:
Temp.EnggTest
Reactor
JAEA
Japan
[Fig.1]
Nuc.ene.multipurpose
utilization(nuc.steel
make,)
Test&res.ofHTGR
Oarai,IbaragiPref.
30MWt,850C,(950Cfor
shortperiod)
Reactorinshutdowncondition
sinceFukushimaAccident
UnderexecutionofOECD/NEALoss
ofForcedCoolingSafetyDemo.Test
(HTTRLOFC),equipment&H2
prod.devt
UnderplanofH2prod.demo,
connectingtoreactor(HTTRIS)
HTR10:
HTRTestReactor
INET
Chaina
[Fig.2]
Naturalresources(coal,Th,
etc.)
Nuc.ene.multipurpose
utilization
Test&res.ofHTGR
OutskirtofBeijing
10MWt/2.6MWe,
ST:700C,GT:750900C
Ph.1(Steamturbine:ST):
continuing
Ph.2(Gasturbine:GT):underprep.
(devtofmag.bearing,)
H2productionunderdevelopment

12
Table2. Prototypical&DemonstrationReactorProgramsataglance(1/3)
(asofMar.2014)(Proto./Demo.reactorprograms,inwhichreactorplantsite
orfundingprogramareclearlyindicated)(Md:Module)
Name,Organ,
Country
Background,Purpose,
Parameter
Presentstatus,Futureplan
NGNP:
NextGeneration
NuclearPlant
DOE
USA
[Figs.35]
Nat.resources(coal,oil
sand,oilshale,)
Ene.demand&CO2
releaseremarkable
Ene.independence,clean
ene.(H2,etc.),nuc.heat
apps.(synfuelsfromcoal,
oilsand,)
DevtofGen.4reactors,
SMRs
HTGRplantdevt&demo.
Idaho(ortheother)
600MWt/?MWe/Md,
750800C
Ph.1(0510:plantconceptdesign,
tech.selection):mostlyfinished
Variousplantdesignsproposedby
WH(PBMRUSA),GAandArevaUSA,
withcoop.byJapan(MHI,Toshiba,
FujiElectric),
DidnotenterPh.2(0121:detail
design,construct.,demo.ope.)due
tolackofgov.ind.allianceand
funding.R&Dworksunderwaywith
reducedscale
NGNPIndustryAlliance(WH,Areva,
Entergy,Dow,ToyoTanso,)
selectedArevasdesign(SCHTGR)as
mostdesirableoneforinitialNGNP.
Candidatesites(Alabama,
AlbertaCanada,etc.)under
investigation,targetinglicensing
startin15
NPMCPBMR
GTDB:
NationalPrj.Mgmt
Corp.PebbleBed
ReactorGas
TurbineDeepBurn
NPMC
USA
DispositionofLWRspent
fuels(incinerationof
Pu/TRUs),powergen.,H2
gen.,heatapp.s.basedon
S.AfricanPBMRtech.and
useofWorldBankfinance
DemoplantinKoeberg
andcommercialization
deploymtinUS
13:appliedforSMRdevmtsupport
13:NYState,OswegoCity,etc.
promisedtofundinscaleof300M$,
etc.
Xe100:
Xenergy/
Aerotherm/
Stellenbosch
Univ.
USA/S.Africa
DispositionofLWRspent
fuels(incinerationof
Pu/TRUs),powergen.,H2
gen.,heatapp.s.basedon
S.AfricanPBMRtech.
DemoplantinKoeberg
(S.Africa),andcomm.
deploymtinUS,850C
Understudyonitsapplicationto
CoaltoGas(CTG)process,taking
processmodelsofS.AfricanCoalto
Liq.(CTL)companySASOL

13
Table2. Prototypical&DemonstrationReactorProgramsataglance(2/3)
(asofMar.2014)(Proto./Demo.reactorprograms,inwhichreactorplantsite
orfundingprogramareclearlyindicated)(Md:Module)
Name,Organ,
Country
Background,Purpose,
Parameter
Presentstatus,Futureplan
PBMR:
PebbleBed
ModularReactor
PBMR
S.Africa
PBMRplantdemo.
Ufuel.Powergen.,H2
production,heatapps.
(CTG/CTL,etc.)
Koeberg
400MWt/160MWe,900C
forpowergen.
200MWt/80MWe,750Cfor
heatapps.
93Concept.design,95Detail
design,10:Devtstopped
Underpursuitofrestorationor
reuse,whilemaintainingfueland
testfacilities,andintellectual
properties
refertoTH100(S.Africa),Xe100,
NPMC/PBMRGTDB(USA)
TH100:
Thorium(Th)
PBMR
Steenkamps
kraal;
S.Africa
[Fig.6]
UtilizationofTh
(byproductofRareEarth
(RE)smining)
ThfuelversionofPBMR
Devt&Deploymtin
S.Africa&USA
100MWt/35MWe/Md,
750C
11:Programraised,concept
design.12:Undersettlementof
consortiumfordevt&promotion
14:Thcomm.production,22:FOAK
ope.startplanned
HTRPM:
HTRPebbleBed
Module
INET/Huaneng/
ChinaNuc.Engg
&Construction
Grp.(CNEC)
Chaina
[Fig.7,
hsnpc.com.cn]
Nuc.ene.multipurpose
utilization
HTGRplantdemo.&
commercialization
ShidaoBay,Sangdong
Province
500MWt(=250MWt
2)/200MWe/Md,750C
Demonstrationplant
Undersystemdemo.offuelprod.&
handling,steamgenerator,
SafetyreviewedafterFukushima
Accident
12:Constructionstarted,17:Ope.
startplanned
Commercialplant
18Mdsaretobeinstalledatsame
sitewithDemo.plant.Md.uprating,
Thfueluse,etc.areunderstudy
Putian/Ruijin:
CNEC/
PutianCity/
RuijinCity
Chaina
HTGRplantintroduction
programsaspartof
economicdeploymentin
localcentercities
PutianCity,Fujian
ProvinceandRuijinCity,
JiangxiProvince
13:Programsannouncedby
CNEC/PutianCityandCNEC/Ruijin
City,respectively

14
Table2. Prototypical&DemonstrationReactorProgramsataglance(3/3)
(asofMar.2014)(Proto./Demo.reactorprograms,inwhichreactorplantsite
orfundingprogramareclearlyindicated)(Md:Module)
Name,Organ,
Country
Background,Purpose,
Parameter
Presentstatus,Futureplan
KHTR:
KazakhstanHTGR
NNC
Kazakhstan
[Fig.8]
Exportofnat.resources
(ironore,U,Th,),
introduction&fixationof
foreignadvanced
technologies
HTGRdevt(powergen.,
regionalheating,H2
production,)
Kurchatov
50MWt/15MWe/Md,
900950C
Japan(JAEA,Toshiba,FujiElec.,
NFI)isfullycooperating(tech.,
plantdesign,education,)
13:Feasibilitystudy(planned)
20:Ope.startplanned

15
Table3. OtherR&DProgramsataglance(1/3)
(asofMar.2014)(R&DprogramsotherthanaforementionedTest&Research
ReactorandProto&DemoReactorprograms)
Name,Organ,
Country
Background,Purpose,
Parameter
Presentstatus,Futureplan
GTMHR:
GasTurbineMd.
Reactor
DOE/GA/ORNL/
Rosatom/OKBM
USA/Russia
Nuc.nonproliferation
(incinerationofdismantled
&surplusPu)andefficient
gasturbinepowergen.
600MWt/Md
USARussiaJointStudycontinuing
DeployingtoH2MHR,SCMHR,
DBMHRinUSA,andtoMHRTin
Russia,respectively
H2MHR:
Md.ReactorforH2
prod.
GA
USA
USadvdversionof
GTMHR
H2production
DesignproposedforNGNP
SCMHR:
Md.Reactorfor
SteamCycle
GA
USA
USadvdversionof
GTMHR
Steamcycle(powergen.,
heatapps.)
DesignproposedforNGNP
DBMHR:
DeepBurnMd.
Reactor
DOE/GA
USA
USadvdversionof
GTMHR
Nuc.waste(Pu,TRUs)
management,powergen.,
heatapps.
Conceptualdesignfinished
Basedonthistechnology,Gas
CooledFastReactor(GFR;EM2)is
underdesign
SPB:
StarCorePebbleBed
Reactor
StarCore
Canada,USA
[Fig.9]
Dispersedand/orremote
landdemands(mining,
smalltowns,strategic
bases,)
Remoteope.usingcomm.
satellite
10MWe/Md
Licensingapp.underprep.with
CanadianNuc.SafetyComm.
15:Initialdeploymentplanned
GTMHR:
Rosatom/
OKBM
Russia
Russianadvdversionof
GTMHR
600MWt/Md
Plantunderdesign
Russianmarketundersurvey
(Underplantoconnectthe
technologytoGFRdevelopment)
MHRT:
Rosatom/
OKBM
Russia
Russianadvdversionof
GTMHR
H2prod.andgasturbine
powergen.
600MWt/Md

16
Table3. OtherR&DProgramsataglance(2/3)
(asofMar.2014)(R&DprogramsotherthanaforementionedTest&Research
ReactorandProto&DemoReactorprograms)
Name,Organ,
Country
Background,Purpose,
Parameter
Presentstatus,Futureplan
SNETP:
SustainableNuc.
Ene.Tech.Platform
EC,EU
EUcostrategicdeploymt
anddatabasesortingfor
HTGRdemoplantconst.in
Europe
UndercostudyonEUcommonnuc.
ene.devttarget,strategy,
requirements,schedule(reactor
type,usersrequirements,
feasibilityofintldemonstrator)
Activitiesinprocess,withrelaying
fruitsofReactorforProcessHt,
H2andElectricityprod.
(RAPHAEL),EnduserRequiremts
forProcessHtApp.s
(EUROPAIRES),
NC21:
Nuc.Cogen.Ind.
Initiative21
EC,EU
[Fig.10]
Activitiesonnuc.cogen.
demoplantwithinEurope
ANTARES:
ArevasNewTech.&
AdvdGCRforEne.
Supply
Areva
France
HTGRdevt(powergen.,
H2gen.,heatapps.)
Advdversion(SCHTGR)proposed
forNGNP(US)byAreva(USA),and
selectedbyNGNPIndustryAlliance
asmostdesirableplantdesignfor
initialNGNP(referto(21))
HTRPL:
HTRPoland
AGH/NCBIR
Poland
FeasibilityStudyonHTGR
ConstructioninPoland
AGH,NCBIR,NationalNuclearR&D
Center(NCBI)arecooperatingin
programmgmt,funding,etc.
WHEN&NHDD:
Water/H2/Elec./
Nuc.Integrate,Nuc.
H2Devt&Demo.
KAERI
S.Korea
[Fig.11]
H2ene.devtaspartof
natlenergystrategy
Devt&Demo.ofwater,
H2andelectricity
productionbynuclear
KAISTandKIERarecooperatingon
H2productiondevelopment
KEPCO(utility),Hyundai(heavy
industry),POSCO(steelmaker)are
participatinginalliance
13:NGNPIndustryAlliance
(referto(21))isparticipating
GTHTR300:
GasTurbineHTGR
JAEA
Japan
[Fig.12]
GasturbineHTGR
Development<X,C,H,
A>:forpowergen.,
cogen.,H2,waterfree
plant,respectively>
600MWt/Md,850C
Concept.designandeconomic
evaluationfinished
Underaseriesofsafetydemotest
onSevereAccident,usingHTTR
(referto(91))

17
Table3. OtherR&DProgramsataglance(2/3)
(asofMar.2014)(R&DprogramsotherthanaforementionedTest&Research
ReactorandProto&DemoReactorprograms)
Name,Organ,
Country
Background,Purpose,
Parameter
Presentstatus,Futureplan
HTR50S:
SteamCycleSmall
HTGR
JAEA/
Toshiba/
Japan
[Fig.13]
DevtofsmallHTGRsfor
developingcountries(for
powergen.,steamsupply)
50MWt/Md,750C
Concept.designfinished
Marketsurveyunderway
NSHTR:
NaturallySafeHTGR
JAEA
Japan
[Fig.14]
DevtofHTGRcapableto
protectpeopleand
environmentbynatural&
physicalphenomenononly
Concept.design,proposaland
relatedfuelandgraphitetests
underway
CBHTR:
CleanBurnHTGR
JAEA
Japan
IncinerationofPu&TRUs
derivingfromLWRspent
fuelreprocessing
Concept.designandproposal
underway
MHR50/100is:
MitsubishiHTGR
MHI,JAEA
Japan
DevtofHTGRofsmalland
improvedsafety
(FOAK)
120MWt/50MWe/Md
(NOAK)
250MWt/100MWe/Md,
750C
Concept.design,market&
economicsurveyfinished
Businessplanunderstudy

18

Fig.1 (Japan)HighTemp.EnggandTestReactor(HTTR)

Fig.2 (China)HighTemperatureReactorTestModule(HTR10)
19

Fig.3 (USA)NextGen.Nuc.Plant(NGNP)(ArevaSCHTGRDesign)

Fig.4 (USA)NextGen.Nuc.Plant(NGNP)(Cogen.Concept)
M.Haynes(NGNPIndustry
Alliance),Presentationto
TheGovernorsNuclear
AdvisoryCouncil,2013.6.13
20

Fig.5 (USA)NextGen.Nuc.Plant(NGNP)(BTL&HydrogenSupply)

Fig.6 (SouthAfrica)ThoriumHTGR(TH100)
21

Fig.7 (China)HTRPebbleBedModule(HTRPM)ProcessFlow

Fig.8 (Kazakhstan)KazakhstanHTR(KHTR)PlantConcept
22

Fig.9 (Canada)StarCorePebbleBed(SPB)ReactorPlantConcept

Fig.10 (EU)NuclearCoge.IndustrialInitiative(NC21)DevtRoadMap
MarceldeVos(CanadianNuclearSafety
Commission),ALicensingDiscussion:
SMRsinCanada,PresentationtoCNNC
Delegation,Ottawa,Ontario,2013.6.27
23

Fig.11 (SouthKorea)Water/Hydrogen/Electricity/Nuc.Integrate(WHEN)

Fig.12 (Japan)GasTurbineHTR(WaterFreeSystem;GTHTR300A)
24

Fig.13 (Japan)HTRforCogeneration(HTR50S)FlowDiagram

Fig.14 (Japan)NaturallySafeHTR(NSHTR)SafetyConcept