PRESENTATION :1

WORK LIFE BALANCE:

INTRODUCTION:
Worklife balance is a concept including proper prioritizing between "work" (career and
ambition) and "lifestyle" (health, pleasure, leisure, family and spiritual development/meditation).
Related, though broader, terms include "lifestyle calm balance" and "lifestyle choices".
Dont work harder, work happier
Alexander Kjerulf,

"Increasingly sophisticated and affordable technologies have made it more feasible
for employees to keep contact with work".
Many authors believe that parents being affected by work-life conflict will either reduce
the number of hours one works where other authors suggest that a parent may run away from
family life or work more hours at a workplace .This implies that each individual views work-life
conflict differently .Employee assistance professionals say there are many causes for this
situation ranging from personal ambition and the pressure of family obligations to the
accelerating pace of technology. According to a recent study for the Center for Work-Life
Policy, 1.7 million people consider their jobs and their work hours excessive because of
globalization.
[citation needed]
CONTENT:

1 Work statistics
2 Stress
o 2.1 Formation of the "ideal worker" and gender differences
o 2.2 Perceptions and gender differences
o 2.3 Concerns of men and women alike
o 2.4 Young generation views
o 2.5 5 Tips for Better Work-Life Balance
o 2.6 Identity through work
o 2.7 Women
2.7.1 Maternity leave
o 2.8 Men
3 Consequences of an imbalance
4 Responsibility of the employer
Work statistics
According to a survey conducted by the National Life Insurance Company, four out of
ten U.S. employees state that their jobs are "very" or "extremely" stressful.
[9]
Those in high-stress
jobs are three times more likely than others to suffer from stress-related medical conditions and
are twice as likely to quit. The study states that women, in particular, report stress related to the
conflict between work and family.
In the study, Work-Family Spillover and Daily Reports of Work and Family Stress in the
Adult Labor Force , researchers found that with an increased amount of negative spillover from
work to family, the likelihood of reporting stress within the family increased by 74%, and with
an increased amount of negative spillover from family to work the likelihood to report stress felt
at work increased by 47%.
[10]



Stress
The number of stress-related disability claims by American employees has doubled
[when?]

according to the Employee Assistance Professionals Association in Arlington, Virginia. Seventy-
five to ninety percent of physician visits are related to stress and, according to the American
Institute of Stress, the cost to industry has been estimated at $200 billion-$300 billion a year.
[9]

Laughter is the only medicine, without side effects.
Shannon L. Alder

Steven L. Sauter, chief of the Applied Psychology and Ergonomics Branch of the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in Cincinnati, Ohio, states that recent
studies show that "the workplace has become the single greatest source of stress". Michael
Feuerstein, professor of clinical psychology at the Uniformed Services University of the Health
Sciences at Bethesda Naval Hospital states, "We're seeing a greater increase in work-related
neuroskeletal disorders from a combination of stress and ergonomic stressors".
It is clear that problems caused by stress have become a major concern to both employers
and employees. Symptoms of stress are manifested both physiologically and psychologically.
Persistent stress can result in cardiovascular disease, sexual health problems, a weaker immune
system and frequent headaches, stiff muscles, or backache. It can also result in poor coping
skills, irritability, jumpiness, insecurity, exhaustion, and difficulty concentrating. Stress may also
perpetuate or lead to binge eating, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
Formation of the "ideal worker" and gender differences
Work-life conflict is not gender-specific. According to the Center for American Progress,
90 percent of working mothers and 95 percent of working fathers report work-family conflict.
[13]

However, because of the social norms surrounding each gender role, and how the organization
views its ideal worker, men and women handle the work-life balance differently. Organizations
play a large part in how their employees deal with work-life balance. Some companies have
taken proactive measures in providing programs and initiatives to help their employees cope with
work-life balance (see: Responsibility of the employer).


Work-life conflict may come from organizational norms and ideologies. As a macro
structure, the organization maintains the locus of power. Organizations, through its structure,
practices, symbols and discourse, create and reproduce a dominant ideology. The dominant
ideology is what drives organizational power and creates organizational norms.
At the top of the organizational hierarchy, the majority of individuals are males, and
assumptions can be made regarding their lack of personal experience with the direct and indirect
effects of work-family conflict
.
For one, they may be unmarried and have no thought as to what
"normal" family responsibilities entail. On the other hand, the high-level manager may be
married, but his wife, due to the demands of the husbands position, has remained at home,
tending solely to the house and children. Ironically, these are the individuals creating and
reforming workplace policies.
Workplace policies, especially regarding the balance between family/life and work, create an
organizational norm in which employees must fall into. This type of organizational behavior,
according to Dennis Mumby, "contribut[es] in some ways to the structuring of organizational
reality, and hence organizational power."
Perceptions and gender differences
This circumstance only increases the work-life balance stress experienced by many
women employees.
Research conducted by the Kenexa Research Institute (KRI), a division of Kenexa, evaluated
how male and female workers perceive work-life balance and found that women are more
positive than men in how they perceive their companys efforts to help them balance work and
life responsibilities. The report is based on the analysis of data drawn from a representative
sample of 10,000 U.S. workers who were surveyed through WorkTrends, KRIs annual survey of
worker opinions.
The results indicated a shift in womens perceptions about work-life balance. In the past,
women often found it more difficult to maintain balance due to the competing pressures at work
and demands at home.

The past two decades have witnessed a sharp decline in mens provider role, caused in
part by growing female labor participation and in part by the weakening of mens absolute power
due to increased rates of unemployment and underemployment states sociologist Jiping Zuo.
She continues on to state that Womens growing earning power and commitment to the paid
workforce together with the stagnation of mens social mobility make some families more
financially dependent on women. As a result, the foundations of the male dominance structure
have been eroded.
[22]

Concerns of men and women alike
If moderation is a fault, then indifference is a crime.
Jack Kerouac
Similar discrimination is experienced by men who take time off or reduce working
hours for taking care of the family.


For many employees todayboth male and femaletheir lives are becoming more
consumed with a host of family and other personal responsibilities and interests. Therefore, in an
effort to retain employees, it is increasingly important for organizations to recognize this
balance.
[21]

Young generation views
Luck is a very thin wire between survival and disaster, and not many people can
keep their balance on it.
Hunter S. Thompson
According to Kathleen Gerson, Sociologist, young people "are searching for new ways to
define care that do not force them to choose between spending time with their children and
earning an income" and "are looking for definition of personal identity that do not pit their own
development against creating committed ties to others"
[23][24]
readily. Young adults believe that
parents should get involved and support the children both economically and emotionally, as well
as share labor equally. Young people do not believe work-life balance is possible and think it is
dangerous to build a life dependent on another when relationships are unpredictable. They are
looking for partners to share the house work and family work together.
[24][25]
Men and women
believe that women should have jobs before considering marriage, for better life and to be happy
in marriage. Young people do not think their mothers generations were unhappy. They also do
not think they were powerless because they were economically dependent.
5 Tips for Better Work-Life Balance
"A lot of people are having a more difficult time finding balance in their lives because
there have been cutbacks or layoffs where they work. They're afraid it may happen to them, so
they're putting in more hours," says psychologist Robert Brooks, PhD, co-author of The Power of
Resilience: Achieving Balance, Confidence, and Personal Strength in Your Life.
The 5 ways for a better work-life balance is as follows,
1. Build downtime into your schedule.
2. Drop activities that sap your time or energy.
3. Rethink your errands.
4. Get moving
5. Remember that a little relaxation goes a long way
Identity through work
By working in an organization, employees identify, to some extent, with the organization,
as part of a collective group. Organizational values, norms and interests become incorporated in
the self-concept as employees increase their identification with the organization. However,
employees also identify with their outside roles, or their "true self. Examples of these might be
parental/caretaker roles, identifications with certain groups, religious affiliations, align with
certain values and morals, mass media etc.
Employee interactions with the organization, through other employees, management,
customers, or others, reinforces (or resists) the employee identification with the organization.
[28]

Simultaneously, the employee must manage their "true self" identification. In other words,
identity is "fragmented and constructed" through a number of interactions within and out of the
organization; employees dont have just one self.
Most employees identify with not only the organization, but also other facets of their life
(family, children, religion, etc.). Sometimes these identities align and sometimes they do not.
When identities are in conflict, the sense of a healthy work-life balance may be affected.
Organization members must perform identity work so that they align themselves with the area in
which they are performing to avoid conflict and any stress as a result.
Women

Today there are many young women who do not want to just stay at home and do house
work, but want to have careers. About 64% of mothers whose youngest child was under age six,
and 77% of mothers with a youngest child age 6-17 were employed in 2010, indicating that the
majority of women with dependent care responsibilities cannot or do not wish to give up careers.


While women are increasingly represented in the work force, they still face challenges
balancing work and home life. Both domestic and market labor compete for time and energy.
For women, the results show that that only time spent in female housework chores has a
significant negative effect on wages.
Consequences of an imbalance
Mental health is a balancing act that may be affected by four factors: the influence of
unfavourable genes, by wounding trauma, by private pressures and most recently by the stress of
working.
[34]
Many people expose themselves unsolicited to the so-called job stress, because the
"hard worker" enjoys a very high social recognition. These aspects can be the cause of an
imbalance in the areas of life. But there are also other reasons which can lead to such an
imbalance.


Remarkable is, for example, the increase in non-occupational activities with obligation
character, which include mainly house and garden work, maintenance and support of family
members or volunteer activities. All this can contribute to the perception of a chronic lack of
time.
[35]
This time pressure is, amongst others, influenced by their own age, the age and number
of children in the household, marital status, the profession and level of employment as well as
the income level.
[36]
The psychological strain, which in turn affects the health, increases due to
the strong pressure of time, but also by the complexity of work, growing responsibilities, concern
for long-term existential protection and more.
[37]
The mentioned stresses and strains could lead in
the long term to irreversible, physical signs of wear as well as to negative effects on the human
cardiovascular and immune systems.
[38]

Responsibility of the employer
To win in the marketplace you must first win in the workplace.
Doug Conant, CEO of Campbells Soup
Companies have begun to realize how important the work-life balance is to the productivity and
creativity of their employees.
[citation needed]
Research by Kenexa Research Institute in 2007 shows
that those employees who were more favourable toward their organizations efforts to support
work-life balance also indicated a much lower intent to leave the organization, greater pride in
their organization, a willingness to recommend it as a place to work and higher overall job
satisfaction.
[citation needed]

Employers can offer a range of different programs and initiatives, such as flexible working
arrangements in the form of part-time, casual and telecommuting work. More proactive
employers can provide compulsory leave, strict maximum hours and foster an environment that
encourages employees not to continue working after hours.
CONCLUSION:
Thus, from the above criteria it has been conclude that Work and Life should have a good
and equal balance to make our life to run in happier way.













PRESENTATION :2
CYBER CRIME:
INTRODUCTION:
Cyber refers to imaginary space, which is created when the electronic devices communicate,
like network of computers. Cyber crime refers to anything done in the cyber space with a
criminal intent. These could be either the criminal activities in the conventional sense or could be
activities, newly evolved with the growth of the new medium. Cyber crime includes acts such as
hacking, uploading obscene content on the Internet, sending obscene e-mails and hacking into a
person's e-banking account to withdraw money.


Computer crime, or cybercrime, refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network,
where the computers played an instrumental part in the commission of a crime. Cyber Crime has
nowhere been defined in any statute /Act passed or enacted by the Indian Parliament. The
concept of cyber crime is not radically different from the concept of conventional crime. Both
include conduct whether act or omission, which cause breach of rules of law and
counterbalanced by the sanction of the state .particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright
infringement through warez, child pornography and child grooming.
The term cyber crime is a misnomer. This term has nowhere been defined in any statute /Act
passed or enacted by the Indian Parliament. The concept of cyber crime is not radically different
from the concept of conventional crime. Both include conduct whether act or omission, which
cause breach of rules of law and counterbalanced by the sanction of the state.
Reasons for Cyber Crime
A Resistive Touch Screen panel comprises several layers, the most important of which are two
thin, transparent electrically-resistive layers separated by a thin space.

These layers face each other, with a thin gap between. One resistive layer is a coating on the
underside of the top surface of the screen. Just beneath it is a similar resistive layer on top of its
substrate. One layer has conductive connections along its sides, the other along top and bottom.
Capacitive:
Hart in his work The Concept of Law has said human beings are vulnerable so rule of law is
required to protect them. Applying this to the cyberspace we may say that computers are
vulnerable so rule of law is required to protect and safeguard them against cyber crime. The
reasons for the vulnerability of computers may be said to be:
a) Capacity to store data in comparatively small space-
The computer has unique characteristic of storing data in a very small space. This affords to
remove or derive information either through physical or virtual medium makes it much more
easier.
b) Easy to access-
The problem encountered in guarding a computer system from unauthorised access is that, there
is every possibility of breach not due to human error but due to the complex technology. By
secretly implanted logic bomb, key loggers that can steal access codes, advanced voice recorders,
retina imagers etc. that can fool biometric systems and bypass firewalls can be utilized to get past
many a security system.
c) Complex-
The computers work on operating systems and these operating systems in turn are composed of
millions of codes. Human mind is fallible and it is not possible that there might not be a lapse at
any stage. The cyber criminals take advantage of these lacunas and penetrate into the computer
system.
d) Negligence-
Negligence is very closely connected with human conduct. It is therefore very probable that
while protecting the computer system there might be any negligence, which in turn provides a
cyber criminal to gain access and control over the computer system.
e) Loss of evidence-
Loss of evidence is a very common & obvious problem as all the data are routinely destroyed.
Further collection of data outside the territorial extent also paralyses this system of crime
investigation.
Mode and Manner of Committing Cybercrime:
Unauthorized access to computer systems or networks / Hacking-

This kind of offence is normally referred as hacking in the generic sense. However the framers of
the information technology act 2000 have no where used this term so to avoid any confusion we
would not interchangeably use the word hacking for unauthorized access as the latter has wide
connotation.
Theft of information contained in electronic form-
This includes information stored in computer hard disks, removable storage media etc. Theft
may be either by appropriating the data physically or by tampering them through the virtual
medium.
Email bombing-
This kind of activity refers to sending large numbers of mail to the victim, which may be an
individual or a company or even mail servers there by ultimately resulting into crashing.
Data diddling-
This kind of an attack involves altering raw data just before a computer processes it and then
changing it back after the processing is completed. The electricity board faced similar problem of
data diddling while the department was being computerised.
Salami attacks-
This kind of crime is normally prevalent in the financial institutions or for the purpose of
committing financial crimes. An important feature of this type of offence is that the alteration is
so small that it would normally go unnoticed. E.g. the Ziegler case wherein a logic bomb was
introduced in the banks system, which deducted 10 cents from every account and deposited it in
a particular account.
Denial of Service attack-
The computer of the victim is flooded with more requests than it can handle which cause it to
crash. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is also a type of denial of service attack, in
which the offenders are wide in number and widespread. E.g. Amazon, Yahoo.
Virus / worm attacks-
Viruses are programs that attach themselves to a computer or a file and then circulate themselves
to other files and to other computers on a network. They usually affect the data on a computer,
either by altering or deleting it. Worms, unlike viruses do not need the host to attach themselves
to. They merely make functional copies of themselves and do this repeatedly till they eat up all
the available space on a computer's memory. E.g. love bug virus, which affected at least 5 % of
the computers of the globe. The losses were accounted to be $ 10 million. The world's most
famous worm was the Internet worm let loose on the Internet by Robert Morris sometime in
1988. Almost brought development of Internet to a complete halt.
Logic bombs-
These are event dependent programs. This implies that these programs are created to do
something only when a certain event (known as a trigger event) occurs. E.g. even some viruses
may be termed logic bombs because they lie dormant all through the year and become active
only on a particular date (like the Chernobyl virus).
Trojan attacks-
This term has its origin in the word Trojan horse. In software field this means an unauthorized
programme, which passively gains control over anothers system by representing itself as an
authorised programme. The most common form of installing a Trojan is through e-mail. E.g. a
Trojan was installed in the computer of a lady film director in the U.S. while chatting. The cyber
criminal through the web cam installed in the computer obtained her nude photographs. He
further harassed this lady.
Internet time thefts-
Normally in these kinds of thefts the Internet surfing hours of the victim are used up by another
person. This is done by gaining access to the login ID and the password. E.g. Colonel Bajwas
case- the Internet hours were used up by any other person. This was perhaps one of the first
reported cases related to cyber crime in India. However this case made the police infamous as to
their lack of understanding of the nature of cyber crime.
Web jacking-
This term is derived from the term hi jacking. In these kinds of offences the hacker gains access
and control over the web site of another. He may even mutilate or change the information on the
site. This may be done for fulfilling political objectives or for money. E.g. recently the site of
MIT (Ministry of Information Technology) was hacked by the Pakistani hackers and some
obscene matter was placed therein. Further the site of Bombay crime branch was also web
jacked. Another case of web jacking is that of the gold fish case. In this case the site was
hacked and the information pertaining to gold fish was changed. Further a ransom of US $ 1
million was demanded as ransom. Thus web jacking is a process where by control over the site
of another is made backed by some consideration for it.
CONCLUSION:
Eventhough the technology is getting developed day by day,hour by hour,min by min
and even second by second. And it also lead to raise in the crime in the field of technology.This
crime explain the criteria and consequences of the technology which is happening in and around
world.










GROUP DISCUSSION:
Topic:Will Swachh Bharat Campaign Succeed?


INTRODUCTION:
Swachh Bharat Campaign means Clean India Campaign
PM Narendra Modi urged local masses to fulfill Mahatma Gandhi`s dream of Clean
India. He launched the Swachh Bharat Campaign at Rajpath in New Delhi. He called it as a paid
homage to Mahatma Gandhi and former PM Lal Bahadur Shastri, on their birth anniversary. He
urged people that it is the social responsibility of Indian citizens to accomplish Gandhiji`s vision
of Clean India by year 2019. He even said that the vision can only come true only when 125
crore people of India work for it. Let us share our views on the matter. Will Swachh Bharat
Campaign Succeed?

CONTENT:
Yes

It is not wise to start thinking of the results first as it is said that perform actions without
considering the results.

PM Narendra Modi came on the streets to start the mission, and this step cannot be ignored by
his many followers.

PM initiated the chain by inviting nine public figures for campaign including Sachin Tendulkar,
Shashi Tharoor, Mridula Sinha, Baba Ramdev, Anil Ambani, Salman Khan, Priyanka Chopra,
Kamal Hasan, and the entire team of Tarak Mehta ka Oolta Chashma.

Gujarat, which was a destroyed state, after a series was natural disaster, was rebuilt by
Narendra Modi, and he was successful in making it a clean and prosperous state.

No

Every task needs follow up and just one day working to fulfill the vision will not convert
Swachh Bharat Campaign into reality.

The celebrities will also come for one day to promote the cause and will get busy with their
schedules in future. It is the same case with every person in India.

The youngsters can only create hype on social media by sharing blogs, praising efforts of PM,
and posting his pictures. No one will take a broom and actually become a part of the movement.

In a economy where inflation is rising, growth is slowing, jobs are declining, who has got the
time to devote to such campaigns.

More than the cleaning drive, it is the people's attitude that needs a change. If we keep making
our surroundings dirty, we can never make India clean.

CONCLUSION:

PM Narendra Modi is known for his actions. Whenever he starts a mission, gives everything to
complete it. The development of Gujarat is the finest example of his work. However, this time it
is a big challenge where he needs to change mentality of crores of people living in India. He has
started well, and message is spreading well. It needs to be continued by PM Modi by launching
some or other form of measures to encourage the people for making the vision of Swachh India a
reality by 2019.