Definition About Direct Manipulation :

Direct manipulation is a humancomputer interaction style which involves continuous

representation of objects of interest and rapid, reversible, and incremental actions and feedback.
As opposed to other interaction styles, for example, a command language, the intention of direct
manipulation is to allow a user to manipulate objects presented to them, using actions that
correspond at least loosely to the physical world. An example of direct-manipulation is resizing a
graphical shape, such as a rectangle, by dragging its corners or edges with a mouse.
Having real-world metaphors for objects and actions can make it easier for a user to learn and
use an interface (some might say that the interface is more natural or intuitive), and rapid,
incremental feedback allows a user to make fewer errors and complete tasks in less time, because
they can see the results of an action before completing the action, thus evaluating the output and
compensating for mistakes.
The term was introduced by Ben Shneiderman in 1982 within the context of office applications
and the desktop metaphor. Individuals in academia and computer scientists doing research on
future user interfaces often put as much or even more stress on tactile control and feedback, or
sonic control and feedback than on the visual feedback given by most GUIs. As a result the term
has been more widespread in these environments.
In this report, we will give some examples of products that apply the direct manipulation
techniques.
1. Hitachi Projector CP AW2519NM


Hitachis CP-AW2519N high performance interactive LCD projector is designed for todays
education and corporate environments. It boasts an extensive feature set which combines WXGA
resolution, high brightness and contrast ratio, long lamp life and proven reliability with a compact
size chassis. The CP-AW2519N provides crisp, clear images and bold graphics with exceptional
color accuracy. Performance enhancing features include Hitachis interactive business and education
software for easy access to functions such as print, email and save, ultra sonic and IR sensor for
greater reliability, and the optional wireless tablet and pen which allows you to engage your audience
by annotating over images shown on the screen. Plus, with the optional tabletop stand you can make
any tabletop a projection screen which is ideal for a small group environment or in a room with
limited space. For added peace of mind, Hitachis CP-AW2519N is also backed by a generous
warranty and our world-class service and support programs.
Price : IDR 25.113.514,-
Specification :
LCD Panel: 0.59 (1.5cm) P-Si TFT x 3
Resolution: WXGA (1280 x 800)
Brightness:
~ Bright Mode 2500 ANSI Lumens
~ Normal Mode 1700 ANSI Lumens
Colour light output: 2500 ANSI Lumens
Contrast ratio: 2000:1
Lens: Free shaped lens & motorised free shaped mirror
Lamp Wattage: 210W UHB
Lamp life: 3000 Hours (Bright Mode)/5000 Hours (Normal Mode)*
Distance to Width Ratio (:1): 0.3:1 (fixed)
Diagonal display size: 60~100 (152~254cm)
Dimensions (W X H X D) :345 x 102 x 303mm (excluding feet and extrusions when
mirror is closed)
Weight : 4.1Kg
Number of colours: 8 Bit/colour, 16.7M colours
Keystone:
~ Fixed, 5.2:-1 upward shift
~ *The stated lamp life refers to the average life expected in ideal operating conditions
with usage in accordance with the manual. The majority of, but not all lamps should
achieve this figure.
Computer Compatibility: IBM Compatible VGA, SVGA, XGA, WXGA
Compatibility: WXGA+, SXGA, WSXGA+, UXGA, Mac 16
Video Compatibility: NTSC/PAL/SECAM/PAL-M/PAL-N/NTSC .43 SDTV: 750p
(720p@60Hz), 1125i(1080i@50/60Hz), 1125p(1080p@50/60Hz)
Plug & Play: DDC2B
Speaker 10W Mono
Digital Keystone: Manual Vertical Keystone correction, Manual Horizontal Keystone
correction
Advanced features: My Screen, My Memory, My Button, blackboard/whiteboard mode,
Daytime mode, input source naming (English), resolution setting, Template, Saving
mode, AudioPass through, My Text, Lens door lock
Power on & off: Quick On, Direct On, Direct Off
Digital input: 1 x HDMI
Computer Input: 2 x 15-pin Mini D-sub
Computer Output: 1 x 15-pin D-sub
Video input:
~ 1 x RCA Jack (for composite)
~ 1 x S-Video Jack
~ 2 x Component D-sub (shared with analogue RGB)
Audio Input:
~ 2 x Stereo Mini Jack
~ 1 x pair RCA (L/R)
~ 1 x Microphone Jack
Audio output: 1 x pair RCA (L/R)
Control: 1 x 9-pin D-Sub for RS-232C Control
USB:
~ 1 x USB type A for PC-less presentation
~ 1 x USB type B for mouse control
Wired network: 1 x RJ-45
Power Supply: AC100-120 / 220-240 V, auto switching
Power Consumption: 300W
Power Consumption in Standby: <0.3W
Dimensions (W x H x D): 345 x 102 x 303mm (excluding feet and extrusions when
mirror is closed)
Weight 4.1Kg
Projector warranty: 3 Years (tidak termasuk lampu)
Feature that use Direct Manipulation :

1. Drawing Function with Optional Tablet (TB-1): The optional Hitachi wireless tablet and pen
allows you to engage your audience by annotating over images shown on the projector.

2. Interactive Business and Education Software: Hitachis interactive software was created with
both corporate and education users in mind. Easy access to functions such as print, email and
save make this software ideal for any environment.

3. Input Source Naming: Users can rename input sources in more descriptive terms instead of the
factory default names.

4. MyButton / MySource - Doc Camera: Two customizable buttons on the remote control allow
users to create a shortcut for any projector command such as: Direct input (RGB1, S-video, etc.),
picture mode or filter reset. For connection to a document camera, MySource allows users to add
a third document camera source button.

5. Perfect Fit 2: Enables the user to adjust individual corners and sides independent of one another.
Perfect Fit 2 provides vertical and horizontal digital correction of either barrel or pin cushion
distortions. This feature helps correct geometric and complicated distortions. Perfect Fit 2 allows
the projected image to fit correctly to the screen quickly and easily.

6. PC-Less Presentation: By using a USB memory stick or other storage device, you can use the
projector without a computer. Menus are easy to see with a thumbnail display. Additionally there
is also a slideshow function.

7. Microphone Input: A microphone can be used via the jack located on the input panel. Allows
for more dynamic presentations even in standby mode, and also can make your sound into a text.
Documentation in Indocomtech at JCC (Jakarta Convention Center) :




2. Promethean Interactive Whiteboard 395 Pro



Promethean are a major manufacturer of Interactive Whiteboards. Perfect for use in educational
and office environments, such as school classrooms and office meeting rooms, Interactive
Whiteboards are the next generation of must have equipment. Ideal for both teachers and
students to use in the classroom to make learning more fun and exciting or even for use in
boardroom meetings to show important business figures, Interactive Whiteboards bring an extra
dimension to any day-to-day task. Interactive Whiteboards are designed to be used with a
Projector and Laptop or Desktop Computer, so you can project something that you have stored
on your computer to your audience and then you can interact with the displayed image by
annotating notes etc onto the whiteboard.
Take your interactive experience to the next level with the Promethean ActivBoard 395 Pro
Interactive Whiteboard. The Promethean ActivBoard 395 Pro comes complete with built-in
speakers, two USB ports which are ready to receive any peripheral and an integrated amplifier.
The Activboard 395 Pro is much more than an Interactive Whiteboard, its an interactive
multimedia experience. The ActivBoard 395 Pro comes with video and audio capability coupled
with the ActivBoard 395 Pro's Dual-User input and the power of the ActivInspire Professional
Edition. This allows 2 users to be able to work at the board simultaneously thanks to the boards
Dual-User functionality. 21st century teaching truly comes full-circle, culminating in a 360-
degree learning experience unlike any other.

Price : IDR 21.834.700,-
Specification :

PRM-35 (DLP) - Projector
WXGA (1280 x 800)
Compressed Resolution up to 1080i
16.77 million colours
Contrast Ratio 500:1
Brightness 2500 ANSI (high)
Aspect Ratio 16:10 (native), 4:3, 16:9
Focal Length F=2.86
Projection Distance 0.54m - 1.22m
Projection Screen Size 1.27m - 2.79m
230W lamp
D-sub 15 (RGB) x 2, D-sub 15 (Monitor out) x 1, HDMI V.1.3 only for Video x 1, S-
Video x 1, Composite Video (RCA) x 1, USB control x1, Networking LAN (RJ45) x 1,
RS-232C (D-sub 9) x 1

Integrated USB Sound
20W per channel RMS
Controls Volume, Base, Treble, on/off
Amplifier Frequency Response 40Hz to 18kHz +/-3dB (at 1W)
USB Sound supported for Minimum System Requirements stated
Connectivity Inputs (4) Stereo PC, Stereo CD/DVD, Mono Auxiliary, Microphone to
PC via PC
Connectivity Outputs (2) 2 Stereo
Power Requirement 18V 3.3 Amp

Adjustable Frame
Height-adjustable mount, with 600mm of adjustment from 350mm to 950mm 50mm.
Top and bottom limit stops are fitted if the full range of movement is not
required/appropriate. Height adjustment is powered by an electrical motor and is operated
using a switch on the side of the stand
Room height requirement Min. 2.66m for full range operation
Weight Approx. 62.1kg
Projector mount Aluminium arm, extends 1605mm from the wall
Connectivity panel with inputs for 2 x fully wired VGA (to support VESA DDC) plus
3.5mm stereo jack audio inputs, USB-B input (for ActivBoard), S-Video, composite
video plus auxiliary audio jack inputs, Cat 5e Ethernet input. Connectivity panel can be
mounted on the left or right-hand side of the frame
Activboard Specifications

Product Description : Promethean 395 Pro Height Adjustable System with DLP Short
Throw Projector
Activboard Resolution : 17200 x 9200
Screen Surface : Low glare melamine providing an efficient projection surface
Board Size : 95" Diagonal - 16:9
Overall Dimensions : 2412mm x 1329mm
Active Area Dimensions : 2172mm x 1175mm
Weight : 35 kg (board)
Dual User Functionality : 2 Teacher and 2 Student ActivPens included
Integrated USB Sound : Two integrated slim line speakers and amplifier (with controls,
inputs and outputs)
Operating System : Windows XP SP2 and above (XP/Vista/7); Mac OSX 10.4.11
10.6.1 (Tiger/Leopard/Snow Leopard); Linux Ubuntu 9.04, 9.10; Debian
System Requirements : Mac: Macintosh Intel Processors (Universal Binary), 512 MB of
RAM, 1024x768 resolution, 3.0 GB of Free Disk Space

Feature that use Direct Manipulation :
1. Collaboration learning in class
With ActivBoard 300 Pros dual-user functionality, two ActivPens can be used
simultaneously during lessons, promoting collaboration and student engagement. This can
improve teacher and student knowledge with sharing it in ActivBoard 300 Pros
2. Connect and share your idea with your portable storage device
USB power and two accessible USB ports simplify connection to your computer. You can
bring your data to your flexible board, just plug in and play all your data with one click.
3. Complete, integrated solution for your comfortable
ActivBoard 300 Pro works seamlessly with Promethean software, learner response systems,
interactive tools and content to transform your classroom into an interactive, integrated
environment. Make your own way to teaching, bring all element from Visual, Auditory and
Kinesthetic.
Documentation in Indocomtech at JCC (Jakarta Convention Center) :






Our Team :




Human and Computer Interaction












Group Member:
1. Aryya Pramodana - 1501144995
2. Azmidhamar Dwinanda -1501181435
3. Tata Panca Putra - 1501156175