Grade

26-4











Mapua Institute of Technology
School of EECE
Department of Electrical Engineering

Experiment No. 8
Forced and Natural Response of RL Circuits with DC Excitation


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Templonuevo, Mark Franz G.
EE-2
EE101L/B6

Engr. Ronaldo C. Cabuang

Professor
Wiring Diagram















Final Data Sheet

Table 8.1 Charging (Complete Response)
Time Current
0.25 s 0.435 mA
0.50 s 0.791 mA
0.75 s 1.0792 mA
1 s 1.295 mA
1.4 s 1.564 mA
1.8 s 1.750 mA
2.2 s 1.878 mA
2.6 s 1.963 mA
3 s 2.021 mA
3.2 s 2.042 mA
3.4 s 2.059 mA
3.6 s 2.074 mA
3.8 s 2.085 mA









Table 8.2 Discharging (Natural Response)
Time Current
4 s 2.009 mA
4.2 s 1.803 mA
4.4 s 1.591 mA
4.6 s 1.368 mA
4.8 s 1.161 mA
5.2 s 0.815 mA
5.6 s 0.560 mA
5.8 s 0.464 mA
6.4 s 0.256 mA
6.8 s 0.172 mA
7.2 s 0.115 mA
7.6 s 0.077 mA
8 s 0.051 mA











Graphs/Curves

The figure shows the waveform of the RL circuit

Time vs Current (Charging and Discharging)



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Time Current
Interpretation of Results
Experiment 8 deals with RL circuits. In this experiment we need to analyze the effect of
energy storing device like inductors, demonstrate the charging and discharging response of an
inductor, verify the natural response and forced response of a DC excited RL circuit, and to
distinguish among the natural response, forced response, and complete response of a dynamic
RL circuit. The experiment was done in a simulated setting.
Experiment 8 is similar to experiment 7. Only this time no actual circuit was used. Only
simulation was done using Tina Pro. Also, instead of a capacitor, an inductor was used for the
circuit. This time it is now an RL circuit.
The circuit was drew in Tina Pro. Same value of resistor was used which is 468 and the
value for inductance is 500 H. The function generator also act as a source in this experiment.
The oscilloscope was now connected across the resistor. This is because in this experiment,
current is being measured. Since the oscilloscope doesnt have the ability to measure current,
the voltage across the resistor can be determined and with the use of Ohms law, the current can
also be computed. Since the resistor is in series with the inductor, current flowing between them
is equal. With the aid of Tina Pro, the graph was displayed and the current reading for charging
and discharging was determine with a corresponding time. In this experiment we did not follow
the time in the manual since it does not fit accordingly in our graph unlike that of in experiment
7. The values can be seen in Table 8.1 and 8.2.
The values shows that in charging period, as the time increases the current increases and
in discharging period when time increases the current decreases. This is similar with the
relationship of voltage and time in experiment 7. This is because like a capacitor, it charges
until it reaches the max energy it can store and then it discharges the energy until zero.






Conclusion:
An inductor is a length of wire wounded into a coil that concentrates magnetic field
around a given core. It stores a finite amount of energy in a magnetic field produced by a
current through a wire coil. When connected to a DC supply it is shorted with t =. The
difference between inductor and capacitor is that capacitors store electric energy much like
batteries while inductors store energy in a form of magnetic field. An RL circuit is a circuit
consisting of a resistor and an inductor. Complete response is equal to the forced response +
natural response. Forced Response is the steady state response of the circuit when prolonged to
the DC source. Natural response is the transient response that usually dies out, due to the
presence of capacitor in the circuit.
The transient time of any inductive circuit is determined by the relationship between the
inductance and the resistance. For example, for a fixed value resistance the larger the
inductance the longer will be the transient time and therefore the time constant of the LR series
circuit. Likewise, for a fixed value inductance the smaller the resistance value the longer the
transient time. However, for a fixed value inductance, by increasing the resistance value the
transient time and therefore the time constant of the circuit becomes shorter. This is because as
the resistance increases, the circuit become more and more resistive as the value of the
inductance becomes negligible compared to the resistance. If the value of the resistance is
increased sufficiently large compared to the inductance the transient time would effectively be
reduced to zero, thus an instantaneous change in current.









Answers to Questions and Problems
1. The factors governing inductance are the number of complete turns of the wire, the cross-
sectional area of the wire, the axial length of the helix and the permeability constant of
the material inside the helical coil.
2. An inductor is considered short-circuit. A finite amount of energy can be stored in an
inductor even if the inductor voltage is zero. An inductor resists abrupt change in the
current through it. The inductor never dissipates energy but only stores it.
3. Inductors store magnetic flux, one application is the transformer where the magnetic flux
is transferred from another inductor.
4. The time constant can be can be defined as the quotient of the circuit inductance and the
circuit inductance and circuit resistance.
5. An inductor can either be solenoidal, torodial, or chip inductor. A solenoidal is the most
basic and it is composed of a wire turned into coils, while a torodial is a core wounded
with conductive wire.
6. LEquivalent = 10(12+3)10+12+3= 6mH
7. LEquivalent = (40+150)(120+100)(40+100+100+120)= 101.95mH
8. t = 50020= 0.025s
9. t = 2201.5= 147us