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06319141
06319141
06319141
I. I NTRODUCTION
OLOMBIA is a tropical country that is located in one
zone with higher amount of solar radiation per year in
the world according to data taken by the colombian Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies
(IDEAM in Spanish), indicating that this is a favorable place
to implement new systems of power generation such as solar
photovoltaic systems.
Non Interconnected Zones (ZNI in spanish) are those places
where is not installed electric power system. In Colombia, the
ZNI represent 66% of the national territory with 5% of the total
population [1], a large percentage that is not supply by power
system. In gure 1 you can see the geographical distribution
of ZNI in Colombia.
The Autonomous Photovoltaic Systems (APVS) are an
excellent alternative of solution to provide electrical energy
for residential sector of the ZNI. The implementation of these
systems has made great progress in recent years, however, are
still expensive and difcult to recover the economic investment
in the short term.
Fig. 1.
Nowadays is easy to nd available solar resource information, for example, the UPME (Unidad de Planeacion Minero
Energetica de Colombia in spanish) [2] and NASA [3] provide
solar maps, however, are few studies that reveal how to
leverage this resource in Colombia.
This paper presents a comparative study using HOMER
(energy modeling software), taking as reference the ZNI to
determining the feasibility of implementing APVS in each of
the capital cities of Colombia. The results will be compared
in technical and economic terms by the average annual solar
radiation of each city, which serve as a approach to implement
APVS in places of the resindencial sector with similar levels
of solar radiation.
II. S OLAR R ESOURCE S TUDY IN C OLOMBIA
In Colombia there have been few studies of the solar resource available and have not conducted research to determine
TABLE I
L OADS OF R ESIDENTIAL C ONSUMPTION BASIC FOR ZNI
Equipment
Qty
Power
Volt
Hours
[W]
[V]
[h/day]
Daily
load
[Wh/d]
Monthly
load
[kWh/m]
Efcient lamps
15
110
300
Refrigerator
80
110
12
960
28.8
Color TV
60
110
240
7.2
Radio
35
110
280
8.4
Blender
80
110
0.1
1.92
Other devices
100
110
10
1000
30
Total
370
2788
85.32
TABLE III
C RITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF DEVICES IN THE APVS
CRITERION
WEIGHT (%)
Cost
18,2%
Power
22,7%
Tension
9,1%
Current
13,6%
Weight
4,5%
Warranty
27,3%
country
Manufacturer
4,5%
TOTAL
100,0%
TABLE IV
S ELECTED COMPONENTS TO FORM THE APVS
Fig. 5.
PARMETER
PV
INVESTOR
Manufacturer
Scott Solar
Salmex America
Vision
PST-60S-12
6FM200D
Model
Power [kW]
0,245
600
Currient [A]
8,02
0,85
10
Capacity [Ah]
200
Tension DC [V]
30,6
12
12
Tensin AC [V]
115
Efciency [%]
14,6
85
Price [$]
330
260
839
10
Warranty [years]
Fig. 6.
BATTERY
10
Weight [kg]
41,5
2,5
65
Country
Manufacturer
USA
USA
USA
w2
wn
C1
C2
...
Cn
A1
A2
x11
x21
x12
x22
...
...
x1n
x2n
Am
xm1
xm2
...
xmn
C: Decision criteria
w: Weight associated with each criterion
A: Alternative of solution
Fig. 7. Quantity of panels required by the APVS for different levels of solar
radiation averages yearly.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 9. Initial capital required by the system for different levels of solar
radiation averages yearly.
radiation levels.
In the gure 9 are shown like it diminishes the required
cost of the system as the radiation is increased, here the slope
of the trend line is greater because this represents the rate of
change of the cost for each component, that which represents
an important reduction of around US$2.000 for system for the
cities with the biggest radiation levels.
In gure 10 the cost average of each component of the
system is presented in function of the solar radiation, shows
that for cities with the lowest levels of solar radiation the
cost of batteries is higher than that of solar panels, and this
it diminishes the same as the cost of the panels as the solar
radiation is increased.
V. C ONCLUSION
Due to their geographical location, Colombia is a country
with the enough resource to implement APVS for residential
loads located in the ZNI.
In view of the ZNI represents 66% of the territory in
Colombia, the APVS are a good option for reducing reliance
Ivan Enrique Zuniga
was born in Cali Colombia,
in 1986. He is a student of electrical engineering in
the Universidad Autonoma de Occidente and he is
student member of IEEE.
From 2009 is a member of Grupo de Investigacion
en Energas GIEN, where he has participated in various projects as a research assistant, mainly, projects
related with energy efciency in the industry sector.
His current research interests include electrical
machines, energy management, renewable energies
and articial intelligence applied to energy systems.
Yenny Fernanda Botina was born in Cali Colombia, she is a student of electrical engineering in
the Universidad Autonoma de Occidente and she is
currently a Research assistant in this university.
Their elds of interest are energy management,
renewable energies and cost analysis in hybrid systems.