SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MATRICULATION

TRIAL EXAMINATION 2009 MATHEMATICAL STUDIES

Name

Graphics Calculator

: ___________________________________

Brand _______________
Model ______________

Student No: ___________________________________

Computer Software

Group

: ___________________________________

Pages: 35
Questions: 15

Friday 18 September: 7 a.m.

Time: 3 hours 10 minutes
Examination material: one 35-page question booklet

Approved dictionaries, notes, calculators and computer software may be used

Instructions to Candidates
1. You will have 10 minutes to read the paper. You must not write in your question booklet or use a
calculator during this reading time but you may make notes on the scribbling paper provided.
2. Answer all parts of Questions 1 to 15 in the spaces provided in this question booklet. There is no
need to fill all the spaces provided. You may write on pages 2, 23 and 34 if you need more space,
make sure to label each answer clearly.
3. The total mark is approximately 147 The allocation of marks is shown below:
Question

10

11

12

13

14

15

Marks

12

12

11

11

10

15

16

4. Appropriate steps of logic and correct answers are required for full marks.
5. Show all working in this booklet. (You are strongly advised not to use scribbling paper. Work that
you consider incorrect should be crossed out with a single line.)
6. Use only black or blue pens for all work other than graphs and diagrams, for which you may use
a sharp dark pencil.
7. State all answers correct to three significant figures, unless otherwise stated or as appropriate.
8. Diagrams, where given, are not necessarily drawn to scale.
9. The list of mathematical formulae is on page 35. You may remove this page from the booklet
before the examination begins.
10. Write your name, student number and group in the space provided at the top of this page.
11. Complete the box on the top right-hand side of this page with information about the electronic
technology you are using in this examination.

You may write in this section if you need additional space. Clearly number each question and part
attempted in this section (for example, Question 1(c)(i)).

QUESTION 1
There is no need to simplify answers in parts (a), (b) and (c).
(a)

Find

dy
x3 1
if y
.
dx
ln x 2

(3 marks)
(b)

Find

dy
if y ( x 7e x ) 4 .
dx

(3 marks)
(c)

Find

6( x 1)

4
dx .
x

(3 marks)

PLEASE TURN OVER

QUESTION 2

Let A

0
x

1
x
1

x
1

2 and I 0
0
1

0
1
0

(a)

Find A + 2I.

(b)

Show that det(A + 2I) = x3 + 2x2 + x.

0 .
1

(2 marks)

(4 marks)

(c)

Hence, or otherwiese, find the values of x such that (A + 2I) 1 does not exist.

(3 marks)

PLEASE TURN OVER

QUESTION 3
The following diagram shows part of the graph of a function y = f (x) :

x=b

y = f (x)

(a)

On the same set of axes as the graph of y = f (x), draw the corresponding part of the graph of
y = f (x).
(2 marks)

The line x = b, where b is a positive constant, intersects the graph of y = f (x). Suppose f (x) is
symmetrical by the origin through a rotation of 180 and
(b)

0 f ( x) dx

A , where A > 0.

Find, in terms of A,
i.

f ( x ) dx

(1 mark)
ii.

f ( x ) dx

(1 mark)
iii. the area bounded between the graph of y = f (x) and the x-axis from x = b to x = b.

(1 mark)

QUESTION 4
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The Y.O.G Factory has machines that dispense different favored

yogurt drink into bottles. The factory fills recycled bottles with its
yogurt drink. A random sample of 120 bottles was checked to see if
they were clean enough to use.
The supervisor reported that 5% of the 120 bottles were rejected
because they were not clean enough.
(a)

Find a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all bottles that were rejected because
they were not clean enough. Interpret your answer.

(2 marks)
The manager doubts the claim of the supervisor. She took a sample of 150 bottles and 13 were found
not clean enough.
(b)
Conduct a hypothesis testing at 5% significant level to justify whether the proportion of
bottles that are not clean enough is different from 5%.
i. State the null and alternative hypothesis.

(2 marks)
ii. State the null distribution of the test statistics.

(1 mark)
iii. Calculate the test statistics and determine whether the null hypothesis should be rejected.

(3 marks)
iv. Make a conclusion on the proportion of bottles that are not clean enough.

(1 mark)
v. The manager claims that the proportion of all bottles that are not clean enough is more than
5%. Justify the claim using the results from hypothesis testing.

(2 marks)
(c)

Suggest one way to alter the result of your hypothesis testing in part (b), using the same
sample. No calculation needed.

(1 mark)

QUESTION 5

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A particle travels along a straight line for 4 seconds. Let v t be the velocity of the particle t
seconds after the motion starts. The velocity is a quadratic and is measured in meters per second.
A graph of y v t is shown below.

y
D 4,9
A

C 3,5

B1,3

t
(a) i.

Form a system of equations using the above information, and show that the velocity function
v t is given by v t t 2 3t 5 .

(4 marks)
ii. Find the time when the particle is at rest.

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(1 mark)
(b)

On the graph above, indicate all times for which the acceleration of the particle is negative.
(1 mark)

(c) i.

Using two rectangles, find an underestimate for

v (t ) dt .

(2 marks)
ii. Using two rectangles, find an overestimate for

v (t ) dt .

(2 marks)
iii. Explain the meaning of

v (t ) dt in terms of the motion of the particle.

(2 marks)

QUESTION 6
Given the equation xy 2 y x 2 5 .

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(a)

Show that

dy
2x y 2

.
dx
2 xy 1

(3 marks)

(b)

Find the equation of the normal to xy 2 y x 2 5 at one of the points where y 2 .

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(4 marks)

QUESTION 7

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The histogram below shows the distribution of test marks (M) obtained by a large group of students in
the Semester Examination 2009. The test marks has mean 45 and standard deviation 18.7. The full
mark of the test is 60 and the minimum passing mark is 35.

Test Mark, M

A teacher took groups of forty students and their mean test marks ( M 40 ) are as shown:

Test Mark, M 40

(a)

Based on the histograms, state, giving reasons, whether sample size of forty students is
sufficiently large.

(2 marks)
The teacher then took groups of 100 students to study the distribution of their mean test marks. The
mean test marks is approximately normal.
(b) i. Determine the mean and standard deviation of M 100 .
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(2 marks)
ii. Find Pr( M 100 > 50).

(1 mark)
(c)

Ms. Perrington has a class of 100 students. She is very proud of the achievement of her
students, and announced that her class average mark is at least 40 marks in the Semester
Examination 2009. Determine how true is her claim.

(2 marks)

QUESTION 8

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2 3x
.
x2
Sketch the graph of f x on the axes below for 5 x 5. Clearly label the aysmptote and
the intercepts.
Given f x 1

(a)
i.

(3 marks)
ii. Find f (x) and determine the turning point of f x .

(b)

For g x 1

3 4x
, find the values of x when g(x) = 0 and g (x) = 0.
x2

16

(3 marks)

(2 marks)
(c)

For h x 1

4 5x
, find the values of x when h(x) = 0 and h (x) = 0.
x2

(1 mark)
(d)

For p x 1

m (m 1) x
, one of its xintercepts is 1.
x2

Using your results from parts (a) to (c), make a conjecture on the other x intercept of p(x)
and the value of x when p (x) = 0 .

(2 marks)

QUESTION 9

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Hartamas Golf Club is hosting a professional golf tournament. The golf balls
used in this tournament must meet a set of standards. One of these standards is
the distance travelled. When a ball is hit by a mechanical device with a 10degree angle of launch, a backspin of 42 revolutions per second, and a ball
velocity of 72 metres per second, the distance the ball travels may not exceed
266.3 metres. Manufacturers want to develop balls that will travel as close to
the 266.3 metres as possible without exceeding that distance.
A manufacturer that wishes to supply golf balls to the Hartamas Golf Club has determined that the
distances travelled for the balls it produces are normally distributed with a standard deviation of 2.56
metres. This manufacturer has a new process that allows it to set the mean distance the ball will travel.
(a)

If the manufacturer wants to be 99% certain that a randomly selected ball will not exceed the
maximum distance of 266.3 metres, what is the largest mean that can be used in the
manufacturing process?

(3 marks)
(b) i.

If the manufacturer sets the mean distance travelled to be equal to 263 metres, find
the probability that a ball that is randomly selected for testing will travel too far.

(1 mark)
ii. Assume the mean distance travelled is 263 metres and that five balls are independently tested.
Find the probability that less than two of the five balls will exceed the maximum distance of
266.3 metres.

(2 marks)

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The secretary of the Hartamas Golf Club visits the manufacturer and is assured that the mean distance
travelled by their golf balls is 263 metres. He makes a random selection of 64 golf balls.
(c)

If the sample mean is 262.8 metres, determine a 95% confidence interval for the mean
distance travelled by the golf balls.

(1 mark)
(d) i.

How large a sample should the manufacturer use to be 95% sure that the estimation of mean
is within 1 metre of 263 metres?

(3 marks)
ii. Due to tight budget and time constrain, the manufacturer sampled only half the minimum
size. What is the effect to the width of a 95% confidence interval for the mean distance
travelled by the golf balls?

(1 mark)

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QUESTION 10
Part of the graph of f (x) = 2 e x is as shown below.

The line segment PQ is drawn from the point P(2, f (2)) to the point Q(k, f (k)).
(a) i.

Find the gradient of PQ in terms of k.

(2 marks)
ii. By considering the gradient of PQ, write an expression for the gradient of the tangent to the
graph of y = f ( x) at the point P.

(1 mark)

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The graphs of g(x) = ln (2 x) and f (x) are as shown below.

y = f (x)

ln 2

y = g (x)

(b)

Find the axes intercepts of g(x) in exact form.

(2 marks)
(c) i.

Write down a definite integral for the area of the region enclosed between y = f (x) and
y = g(x) for 0 x 1.

(2 marks)
ii. Find this area.

(1 mark)

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iii. Hence, deduce the area of the shaded region R, which is the region enclosed between y = f (x),
y = g(x), the line y = 1 and the x-axis.

(1 mark)

QUESTION 11
Find the exact value of a, where a 0 if

x
dx 1 .
x 1
2

( 5 marks )

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You may write in this section if you need additional space. Clearly number each question and part
attempted in this section (for example, Question 1(c)(i)).

23

PLEASE TURN OVER

QUESTION 12
In an amusement park there is a small train called Cooper which does a circuit of the park. The train
must complete six circuits between 9.00 am and 12.00 noon. The management prefers Cooper to
complete a circuit in less than 25 minutes. It is known that the probability Cooper to complete a
circuit in less than 25 minutes is 0.8.
(a) i.

Find the probability that of the six circuits completed, at least 4 of them take less than 25
minutes each.

(2 marks)
ii. Find the probability that exactly 3 or 4 out of the six circuits completed each taking less than
25 minutes.

(2 marks)
For scheduling reasons the management wants to know the time, b minutes, for which the probability
of exactly 3 or 4 out of the six circuits completed each taking less than b minutes, is maximised.
Let Pr(T < b) = p, and let Q be the probability that exactly 3 or 4 circuits each take less than b
minutes.
It is given that Q(p) = 5(4p3 p4) (1 p)2.
(b)

State the values of p such that the probability function, Q(p) is defined.

(1 mark)

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The derivative of Q(p) is Q (p) = 30 p2 (1 p)(p2 4p + 2).

(c)
i.

Using calculus, determine the value of p such that Q(p) is maximised.

(4 marks)
ii. Hence, or otherwise, find the maximum value of Q.

(1 mark)

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PLEASE TURN OVER

QUESTION 13
To study the life-and-death cycle of an insect population, a number of insect eggs (E), juvenile insects
(J) and adult insects (A) are placed in a closed invironment.
The initial state of this population can be described by the column matrix
400
200

S0
100

E
J
A
D

A row has been included in the state matrix to allow for insects and eggs that die (D).
(a)

Determine the total number of insects in the population (including eggs) at the beginning of
the study.

(1 mark)
In this population
Eggs may die, or they may live and grow into juveniles
Juveniles may die, or they may live and grow into adults
Adults will live a period of time but they will eventually die.
In this study, the adults insects have been sterilised so that no new eggs are produced. In these
circumstances, the life-and-death cycle of the insects can be modelled by the transtion matrix

0.1

this week
E
J
A
0.4
0
0
0.5 0.4
0
0
0 .5 0 .8

(b) i.

0 .1

0 .2

D
0
0
0

E
J
next week

1 D

Evaluate the matrix product S1 = TS0

(1 mark)
ii. Write down the number of live juveniles in the population after one week.

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(1 mark)
(c) i.

Determine the number of live juveniles in the population after four weeks. Write your
answer correct to the nearest whole number.

(2 marks)
ii. After a number of weeks there will be no live eggs (less than one) left in the population.
When does this first occur?

(2 marks)
If the study is repeated with unsterilised adult insects, eggs will be laid and potentially grow into
adulsts. Assuming 30% of adults lay eggs each week, the population matrix after one week, S1, is now
given by
400 E
200 J

S1 = TS0 +BS0
where S 0
100 A

0 D
(d)

Determine the matrix B.

(2 marks)

QUESTION 14
(a)

Consider the following system of equations using elementary row operations, where k is a real
scalar.

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x+yz=1
x + 2y + kz = 3
2x + ky + 2z = 4
Using elementary row operations, show that the system can be reduced to
1

0
0

1
1
0

1
1

k 1
2
k 2 k 6 2k 6

(3 marks)

(b)
i.

Hence determine the values of k for which the system has

a unique solution.

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(2 marks)
ii. no solution.

(1 mark)
iii. more than one solution.

(1 mark)
(c)

Find the solution to the system of equations when k = 1.

(2 marks)

3
For the matrices A =
a

(d)

i.

1
2
, B = and C =

2
b

9
5 ,

find the inverse of A in terms of a.

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(2 marks)
ii. state the restriction on a such that AB = C has a unique solution.

(1 mark)
iii. find the values of a and b if AB = C.

(3 marks)

QUESTION 15
Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) is an electronic system of road pricing. It uses a dedicated short-range
radio communication system to deduct ERP charges from smart-cards inserted in the in-vehicle units
of vehicles each time they pass a pricing point when the system is in operation. The pay-when-you-

30

use principle helps make motorist more aware of the true cost of driving. This way, road usage can be
optimised.
The land authority of a metropolitan is studying the number of vehicles passing through the pricing
points during the peak period from 7.00 am. The study team wishes to choose between two
suggestions for the rate, in vehicles per hour, at which motorists pass through the pricing points.
The two suggestions are:
Model I :

4000
1 5e 4t

and

Model II:

y 10000te 0.9t

where y is the rate of vehicles per hour and t the number of hours after 7.00 am.
(a)

Why model II is considered as the most appropriate for this situation?

(2 marks)
(b) Sketch the graph of the model II for the time from 7.00 am until 12 noon.

(2 marks)
Based on the model II,
(c)
at approximately what time is the rate of vehicles passing through the pricing points greatest?

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(2 marks)
(d)

20

, 3007.45 . Given an interpretation of this point in

9

The graph of y changes shape at

this context.

(2 marks)
(e)

It is thought that the current number of pricing points could be reduced to cater for a
maximum of 60 vehicles per minute. Between what times would this be insufficient to
cope with the numbers of vehicles wanting to pass through?

(3 marks)

(f) i.

Write down an expression for the number of vehicles which passed through the pricing points
between 7.00 am and 10.00 am.

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(2 marks)
ii. Evaluate and interpret this expression.

(3 marks)

End of Question Booklet

You may write in this section if you need additional space. Clearly number each question and part
attempted in this section (for example, Question 1(c)(i)).

33

PLEASE TURN OVER

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