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Organic Substances.: Carbohydrates
Organic Substances.: Carbohydrates
Formed when 2
monosaccharides join
together.
Formed via the process of
CONDENSATION
condensation reactions
produce water.
o POLYSACCHARIDES
Are complex
carbohydrates consisting
of multiple sugar units
condensed to form huge
molecules.
STARCH is a
polysaccharide. One
starch molecule
contains 2000 3000
condensed glucose
molecules.
Are insoluble in water.
LIPIDS.
Include fats and oils which are
important energy-storing molecules.
Are made of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen, but in different proportions
to carbohydrates (the ratio of H to
O is never 2:1).
Contain very little oxygen.
Can contain phosphorous and
nitrogen.
Are usually insoluble in water.
Contain more than twice the energy
of carbohydrates.
PROTEINS.
Are the most abundant organic
molecules in cells, needed for
growth and repair.
The structure and function of cells
depends upon the proteins from
which they are made.
NUCLEIC ACIDS.
Are organic molecules which contain
linked sugar molecules, nitrogen
bases and phosphate groups.
Play an important role in
determining heredity.
There are two types:
o DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
o RNA (ribonucleic acid)
VITAMINS.
Are organic molecules required in
small amounts for normal cell
functioning.
Can be either:
o Water-soluble (Vitamins B and
C) which must be consumed
regularly because they cannot
be stored.
o Lipid-soluble (Vitamins A, D, E
and K) which can be stored.