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Developmental Psychology Exam 3 Study Guide: Chapters 7-10 Chapter 7 Physical & Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
Developmental Psychology Exam 3 Study Guide: Chapters 7-10 Chapter 7 Physical & Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
Childhood
1. What are the major trends of body growth during early childhood?
Influences on Physical Growth and Health? End of preschool year start to lose
primary teeth, exposure to tobacco smoke causes the immune system to be weak.
Between ages 2-6 the brain increases from 70% to 90%, preschoolers improve in
coordination ,perception ,attention, memory
2. Nutrition what are best strategies for getting children to eat a variety of
healthy foods? What happens to appetite during this age? Repeated
,unpressured exposure to new foods is the best way to get a child to eat a vairety .the
3.
child becomes a picky eater. The amount they eat varies ,but is compensated for in latter
meals.
Why do some children in U.S. not have immunizations? Parents that have
busy daily lifes tend to forget to schedule appointments, there is also the financial
struggle
understand all the properties of classes. The child has acquired the ability to represent
objects mentally and to identify them based on their membership in classes, however
this child now reacts to all similar objects as if they were identical. This understanding is
incomplete because they cannot yet distinguish between apparent identical members of
the same class. Transductive reasoning is another feature of the child's thinking in the
substage. Transductive reasoning is a faulty type of logic that involves making
inferences from one specific to another. It can lead to correct or accurate conclusions,
but it is not guaranteed to do so.
9. How can parents foster emergent literacy? provide indirect feedback about
incorrect grammar. Restructure inaccurate speech into correct form, elaborating on
childrens speech. Conversational give and take, interaction with more skilled speakers
10. Basic benefits/drawbacks of educational media (tv, computers).gains in
early literacy and math skills and academic progress, more elaborate make-believe
play . Heavy viewing leads to detraction from school success and social experiences
11. Language development: fastmapping, overregulation. They can connect
new words with their underlying concepts after only a brief contact. All English speaking
children acquire certain language markers in a regular sequence, starting with those
that involve the simplest meanings and structures, they sometimes overextend the rules
to words that are exceptions
Erikson: characteristics of initiative vs. guilt. Young children have a new sense
of purposefulness, eager to tackle new tasks, join in activity with peers, discover what
they can do without the help of adults, strides in conscience development
2. Difference between self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept: the set of
attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that an individual believe defines who he/she
is. Self- esteem: the feelings we make about our own worth and the feelings we have
about them. What is normal in early childhood? children achieve a better
understanding of their feeling and that of others emotional self-regulation improves
Empathy does not lead to empathy. With emotional self regulation and parenting effects
empathy and sympathy. Parents display the correct way to deal with emotion and they
can correct the child when incorrect behavior is shown
5. Advances in peer sociability: nonsocial, unoccupied, onlooker behavior and
play parallel child plays with others with similar material but does not try to
influence their behavior, associative, children engage in separate activities but
exchange toys and comment on others behavior cooperative a more advance
soliditary
6.
friend?doesnt have long last characteristic based on trust but it does predict
cooperative play in the classroom ,enable children to integrate themselves in the
classroom both academically and socially
7.
personally threatened, parents who are accustomed to corporal punishment support it:
the next generation will use same type of punishment, may cause child to avoid the
adult giving the punishment
8. Alternatives to harsh punishment? Time outs, withdrawal of privileges
10. Differences
years?males are more physically aggressive than women, women are more verbally
and relationally aggressive. Males are moe likely to get harsh punishment because they
are more erratic in behavior
11. Impact of family relational styles and tv viewing on aggression .violent
programming creates short term aggression in parent relations and peers, causes longterm negative effects, predicts aggressive behavior in adulthood,media violence hardens
children to aggression, boys are more apt to devote time to violent media
12. What are typical attitudes about gender roles in early childhood? Children
sort out what they mean through actions and emotions. Boys play with
action figures girls play with barbies , wear make- up etc. boys are more active
,assertive and aggressive. Girls are more emotional, fearful, dependant, compliant
13. Who
What are the major trends of body growth during middle childhood? the
average north American child is 45 pds and 3-1/2 feet tall. Bones of the body lengthen
and broaden. ligaments are not yet firmly attached. have a stronger desire for physical
activity. Primary teeth are lost between ages 6-20 and replaced with permanent ones.
2. Most common childhood illness? malnutrition
3. What are the health risks, causes, and the mental health/social
What are some of the policies (e.g. schools, governmental) for dealing
with childhood obesity? Both the parent and child enroll in a weight loss program.
Diet and lifestyle intervention.
5.
Running, jumping and hopping skills become more refined. Flexibility, more elastic in
movement. Improved balance. Agility more quick and accurate movements. Force the
ability to project , throw and kick objects further.
6. Characteristics of ADHD?hereditary. more common in identical twins. Children do
poorly on activities which need attention to be retained. Difficulty with memory,
planning, reasoning and problem solving.
ADHD? stimulates activity in the frontal lobes which allows for the mind to retain more
information. inhibit off task behavior
7.
speed and capacity. Gains in inhibition. Attention becomes more adaptable, selective,
and planful.
8. What is sensitive period for bilingual language proficiency? when the first
language development occurs. Mastery of second language must be done in early
childhood. How does this impact bilingual programming in schools? Children
do better on test in select attentiveness. participate in class more actively.
9. Benefits of school recess (academic and social) boost classroom learning.
Organized child play and interaction. gains in academic achievement. practice in vital
social skills such as leadership ,inhibition of aggression, followership, and cooperation.
13. What
2.
3.
when facing new challenges. Attribute failure to factors that can be changed.
4. What characterizes school-age friendships ? Children like each other personal
qualities andrespond to one anothers desire and needs
5. Bullying: characteristics of rejected are disliked.show a range of negative
emotion,
divorce rate. New Zealand. Great Britain .Sweden .Australia. Canada. Germany
School bully
10. Who