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Chapter 5.how Work A CNC Maschine
Chapter 5.how Work A CNC Maschine
Jiangnan University
Teaching Focus
Section 1 Summary
Section 2 Data processing of CNC
Section 3 Software System of CNC
Section 4 Hardware System of CNC
Section 5 Examples of typical
CNC system
5.1 Summary
5.1.1 Composition of the CNC system
Program
Input
Device
PC
Spindle
Control
Unit
CNC
Spindle
Motor
machine
tool
Device
Output
Device
Speed
Control
Unit
Feed
Motor
Location
Detector
support
support layer
layer
of
of Device
Device
Man-Machine Control
Input/Outpu
Input/Outpu
tt Device
Device
Other
Other
Devices
Devices
motion control
interface
Display
Display
Device
Device
PLC
Other I/O
Device
Device
Layer
Layer
Machine
Machine
Tool
Tool
Robots
Robots
Measuring
Measuring
Machine
Machine
EPROM
RAM
IN
Interface
OUT
Interface
CPU
Bus
PaperTape
Reader
MDI/
CRT
Interface
Location
Control
Other
Interface
control software
Management Software
Compile Processing
Cutter Compensation
Speed processing
Interpolation
Part OS
Display processing
Human-Computer Interaction
developments
according to
user Requires
Applied
Control
Software
Software
CNC
Management process
OS
Hardware
Interface
device being
controlled
Machine tool
Robots
Measuring
Machine
basic
functions
FS
4. Characteristics of CNC
Great flexibility
As
Aslong
longas
asthe
thechanges
changesin
insystem
systemsoftware,
software,you
youcan
canchange
changeand
and
expand
expandits
itscapabilities
capabilitiesto
toadd
addnew
newtechnologies,
technologies,extend
extendthe
theperiod
period
of
ofusing
usingthe
thehardware
hardwarestructure.
structure.
International dimensions
Hardware
Hardwarewith
withmany
manygeneral-purpose
general-purposemodular
modularstructure,
structure, easy
easy
to
toexpand.
expand.
High reliability
Many
Manyof
ofthe
thefeatures
featuresare
arefrom
fromthe
thesoftware,the
software,thehardware
hardware
structure
structureisisgreatly
greatlysimplified
simplified,Be
,Bewith
withlarge
largeand
andimperial
imperial
universal
universal integrated
integratedcircuit
circuitcard
card&
&asic
specificintegrated
integrated
asic specific
circuit(UICC&ASIC
)). .
circuit(UICC&ASIC)
circuit(UICC&ASIC
circuit(UICC&ASIC)
K9M
K9M1
K9M
K9T
The world
worlds leading manufacturer of control systemsFujitong ,produced System 7 by Fanuc in the mid70s,including 7T & 7M.
storage
No band
operation
punch out
operating
buffer
area
Position
feedback
Servo drive
Position processing
handling
Speed preconditioning
Interpolation
CODE
Processing programme
code
buffer
area
Interpolati
-on buffer
area
PLC
Control
Date storage
Paper tape
part program
Part program
Buffer
Part program
Storage
Part program
Buffer
Code
Date acquisition
Part program
Storage
Reader
Part program
Storage
MDI
Keyboard
Part program
Buffer
MDI Buffer
Code
Results of
Interpolation
date
sending
work
Buffer
storage
area
Decoding
Conception
Management procedures
1Management
Management program is mainly for the management of
CNC system functions and components of the CNC
machining process .
workflows
CNC capability
2 Diagnostic procedures
1 Diagnose while running
1
Diagnostic procedures are usually included in the part of master
procedures, interrupt handling procedures. Interfaces, servo
systems and machine tools are included in the software of
corresponding part of the CNC device.
1. Check the internal storage with the code.
2. Format Check.
3. Two-way transmission of data test.
4. Voltage, temperature, speed, etc. Analog Monitor.
2 Shutdown diagnostics
2
When the system failure or before system being into
Concept
Concept
3 Communication diagnostics
3
Software
Position
Control
Interpolation
Interpolate
Preparation
Input
Hardware
Medium
first-class
Hardware
Motor
Speed
Control
Hardware
Position
Control
Interpolation
Interpolate
Preparation
Input
Medium
Measure
Second-class
Software
hardware
Third-class
Hardware
Software
Hardware
Display
Position
Control
cutter
Compensation
Speed
process
Interpolation
I/O
Interpolation
Position
Control
Interpolation
Display
Diagnosis
Interpolate
Preparation
I/O
process
Input
Position
Control
Keyboard
Initialization
Effect
Effect
time functionality
fault diagnosis
Effect
Effect
Such as show
Interpolation Pretreatment Program
Program
showInterpolation
Edit
Background process
Decoding
Fill handle knife
Speed preconditioning
Input / Output
Show
Suspension of
execution .
.
Foreground program
Interpolation
operations
position control
fault diagnosis
.
.
Loop
performing
Scheduling management
functions of Daemon
Ancillary
information
System works register
Mark
Markthe
theend
endof
ofdata
datasegment
segment
transmission
transmission
Open
Openinterpolation
interpolationflag
flag
In a break cycle, real-time interrupt procedures for interpolation and
Servo output, the background process to the next section of the data
processing.
Initialization
Interrupt program
n Services
Interrupt program
2 Services
Interrupt program
1 Services
0 Service
Interrupt program
Position Control
MS-DOS
I / O Control
RTM
PLC
NCBIOS
module surface
Underlying software
process layer software
Process Control Software
Edit the
Program
Preferences
Position
display
PLC
Management
Fault Display
5.4
a. Stand-alone system
b. Multi-computer system
Bus
EPROM
CMOS
ROM
RS232
Control
Media
I/O
Interface
Machine
CRT
Interface
Control
Panel
PC
control
CRT
Position
Control
Speed
Control
Unit
Management Module
I / O Interface
Memory
Accessibility
CNC interpolation |
Position Control
Module | Module
Geometry
Other peripherals
Other
Function
Control Panel
PLC Module
Computer Motherboard
Computer
I/O
devices
Card
Machine I/O
Function-driven one
Function-driven n
Multi-function Card
Flash Disk
EPROM
Keyboard
Character
Generators
RAM512
Show CPU
CTRC
CRT
512RAM
Central CPU
Interpolation
CPU
Parallel
Interface
Analog Output
EPROM
Serial and
Transceiver
Feedback pulse
And processing
Machine
Interface
Feedback signal
Transceiver
(1) I / O interface
Input interface
accepting the signals of machine operator panel button and accepting
signals of a variety of limit switch.
Output Interface
sending a variety of working conditions light information to the machine
operator panel , to control the machine movement signal to strong electric
box.
Categories:
Analog I / O
Digital I / O
Industrial I / O
Peripheral Controller
Communication
Communicationinterface
interfaceboard
boardinterface
interfaceusing
using
standard
standardinterface
interface
Such as: parallel interface IEEE-488, serial
interface RS-232C
Receiving
Receivingthe
theoutput
outputsignal
signalfrom
fromthe
themain
mainmovement
movementspeed,
speed,etc.
etc.
of
ofNC
NCdevice,
device,after
afterthe
thenecessary
necessarycompilation,
compilation,logical
logicaljudgments,
judgments,
directly
directlydrive
drivethe
thecorresponding
correspondingamplified
amplifiedelectrical,
electrical,hydraulic,
hydraulic,
pneumatic
pneumaticand
andmechanical
mechanicalcomponents,
components,in
inorder
orderto
tocomplete
completethe
the
actions
actionsrequired
requiredinstruction.
instruction.
system stability, response speed, power consumption, long life, but still
belongs to the hard-line.
Classification of PLC
1.
Built-based PLC
2.
PLC-independent
and soon be applied to CNC machine tools, the variety of dramatic increase
in, capabilities stronger.
Year 1973 saw the second generation of PLC, the price can match with the
TEXAS company
companys TI-510 memory capacity is only 0.5K, enter 126
The field of
process control
Engineering
Field
The field of
mechanical control
Engineering
Field
Intelligent
man-machine interface
CAM / CAD
Networking
Field
Systematic
network
Graphics
Can
Candisplay
displayaavariety
varietyof
oflines
linesand
andvarious
varioustypes
types
of
ofgraphics
graphics
Situation Display
AAwider
widerrange
rangeof
ofaadisplay,
display,character
characterand
andaavariety
variety
of
oflines,
lines,graphics,
graphics,together
togetherwith
withsome
somebackground
background
information
informationon
onthe
thedisplay.
display.
Buffer
CNC
computer
Interface
Display
Controller
CRT
CRT System
5.5
7360
7360system
systemproduced
producedby
byU.S.
U.S.Allen-Bradley
Allen-Bradley
companies
companiesisisused
usedto
tocontrol
controlthe
thelathe
lathe
CNC
CNC system.
system.
1.
1. Screen
Screen (CRT)
(CRT) monitors
monitors
2.
2. Manual
Manual data
data input
input (MDI)
(MDI) operation
operation
3.
3. Other
Other control
control buttons
buttons
Keyboard
CRT
RAM
Processor
Front
Panel
Servo
Output
Speed
link
I
Reader
Industrial
processor
Position
feedback
Puncher
7360CNC
DC switch
input interface
DNC host
computer
Auxiliary
Control
Panel
DC Solenoid
Driver Interface
Spindle servo
into and
out of port
Machine
I / O multiChannel
interface
2 composition
AAvariety
varietyof
ofcontrol
controlfunctions
functionshave
havebeen
beenused
usedas
asthe
thetask
taskto
to
formulate
formulatean
anindependent
independentprogram
programmodules,
modules,with
withthe
thesystematic
systematic
process
process, ,each
eachof
ofthe
thefunctional
functionallinkages
linkagesas
asaawhole.
whole.
5.5.2
5.5.2
7M system
machining centers.
Was the world's most advanced numerical control
systems.
Operation
panel
module (CPU)
Communication
Module
(CPU)
Automatic
Programming
Module (CPU)
Primary
Storage
Module
FANUC BUS
Communication
Module
(CPU)
PLC Module
(CPU)
I/O Unit
Position
Control
Module (CPU)
Spindle
Control
System Module
Spindle Unit
Software of 7M system
Exercises
of chapter 5
3-1 What parts is CNC system mainly composed of ?
3-2 What parts is Computer numerical control system (CNC system) mainly
composed of? What are the functions of these various parts?
and
. And be connected
3-11 What are the basic functions of CNC in the I/O controlling
channel?
3-12 what's the major role of photoelectricity isolation
circuit (such as the use of Darlington or A type OCD of the
probed silicon)?
3-13 Plot the diagram of Stepper Motor
Motors Controlling Channel
which is distributing divisible task in a ring of processors by software or
distributing divisible task in a ring of processors by hardware.
3-14 What are the components of CNC software controlling
system?
3-15 What is the modular designa of a computer numerical
control system?
3-16 What are advantages and disadvantages in using standard bus
template to make the composition of systems?
and so on.