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Chapter 11 Depreciation
Chapter 11 Depreciation
DEPRECIATION
Accounting 302
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Chapter 11
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Accounting 302
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Chapter 11
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Activity-based methods
Big Steel uses an activity-based depreciation
method. They have equipment with a cost of
$250,000, salvage value of $10,000 and
estimated useful life of 20,000 hours. In 2003,
Big Steel used the equipment 3,000 hours. How
much depreciation on this equipment should
they recognize for 2003?
$240,000 * 3,000 hrs. = $36,000
20,000 hrs.
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Chapter 11
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Straight-line method
Simple & widely used.
Depreciation is function of time only.
Big Steel uses straight-line depreciation. They
have equipment with a cost of $250,000, salvage
value of $10,000 and estimated useful life of 10
years. Equipment was purchased 1/1/2002. In
2003, Big Steel used the equipment 3,000 hours.
How much depreciation on this equipment
should they recognize for 2003?
$240,000 / 10 = $24,000 (each year for 10 years)
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Chapter 11
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Accounting 302
Deprec. base
$240,000
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Remain life
10
9
8
7
.
.
1
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Depre. fraction
10/55
9/55
8/55
7/55
.
.
1/55
Depreciation
$43,636.34
39,272.12
34,904.08
4,363.63
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Declining-Balance Method
Apply some constant rate to the beginning of period
book-value of the asset. Rate is defined usually as
1.5 or 2 times the straight-line rate (e.g., 20% is
twice the straight-line rate for a 10-year asset).
Remember to not depreciate the asset to below its salvage value
therefore might have to take less than calculated depreciation
in years close to end of life (maybe 0). If low SV, might have to
take more depreciation in last year or switch to SL when greater
depreciation.
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Rate
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
.25*
.25
.25
Depreciation
Expense
$50,000
$40,000
$32,000
$25,600
$20,480
$16,384
$13,884
$13,884
$13,884
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A/D balance
(EOP)
$50,000
$90,000
$122,000
$147,600
$168,080
$184,464
$198,348
$212,232
$226,116
BV EOP
$200,000
$160,000
$128,000
$102,400
$81,920
$65,536
$51,652
$37,768
$23,884
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2011
$23,884
.25
$13,884
$240,000
$10,000
Clarificationontheswitchtostraightlinewhenusing
decliningbalancemethodfordepreciation:
Companiesdolikethedistortioninthelateryearswhen
decliningmethodstakelittleornodepreciation(highsalvage
value)oralargeamountinthelastyear(lowsalvagevalue)so
theyswitchtostraightlinewhenstraightlinedepreciation
wouldbehigher.Totestifthestraightlineamountwouldbe
more,youdividetheremainingamounttobedepreciated
(balancesalvagevalue)bythenumberofremainingyears.
Toavoidatesteveryyear,theymighthaveapolicytoswitchat
themidpointoftheassetsusefullife.
ForGAAP,companiesdonothavetoswitchiftheydonotwant
to.
Fortax,theswitchisrequiredandalreadyinthetaxtablesfor
alltouse.So,thegovernmentallowsyoutopaylesstaxfor
yearofswitch!
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ImpairmentsSFAS # 144
ConservatismPPE that is held for use is never
written up, but will be written down in the case of an
impairment.
Events lead to possibility of an impairment.
Recoverability test:
If the sum of future net undiscounted cash flows is
less than the carrying amount of the asset, than an
impairment has occurred.
If an impairment, how much?
Impairment loss = CV FairV of asset
If no FairV, then use discounted future cash flows.
Use the risk-free rate of interest as the discount rate.
Loss on impairment
A/D
xxx
xxx
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XXX
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Accounting 302
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Accounting 302
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Net Sales
Average Total Assets
Net Income
Average Total Assets
$1,500
1,200
1,400
150
ROA = $150 x
$1,500
$1,500
(1,200 + 1,400) / 2
= 0.10 x 1.15
= 11.5%
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Full Cost
Oil deposit
4,000,000
Exploration expense 16,000,000
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Cash
Accounting 302
20,000,000
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