Electrical Machines Binal Eva January, 2012 ‘Time allowed: Three hours Mevandris Cniversit Facolty of Engineering Electrical Enginvering Departne Second Year Mechanical Engineering ode vt 3 Using the 2 Find the vale Rtemake i Ema 3. Find the mas imiumn power that cat by iranstienne hangs 4-100 paralickconnected three-phase loads are fed hy a balanced three-phase source Load Lis Y connected with impedance 30° 740 per phase. Load 2 is a three phase motor that draws 48 AW al 0.8 pf lagging. IP the line voltage is 380 V, 60 Hz caleulite the power factor of the source. nee of the detia connected capacitors to be connected in garallet with the loads in order te 1 Cateufate the capaci power factor w unity Lot?PART ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION: QUESTION [1] (a) Mlustrate hriefty what is meant by (i) The starter resistance. Gi) The speed control techniques for the separately excited DC motor. (b) (i) Sketch the external characteristic (W/ 1) of the separately excited DC generator Gi) Sketch the external characteristic (eT) of the separately exeited DC motor. (c) 250 V separately excited DC motor with an armature resistance of 0,030, a field resistar ce of A167 Qa ticid voltage of 250 V aad its magnetization curve is given by Field eurve omen 2 3 i 6 (gh) 005 1 1531953317 2.38 TF Mechanieal and core losses may be ignored, The motor is driving a load with a line of 120A and an initial speed of 1103 rpm (i) Calculate the pper tosses. developed power, output torque and the motor eftivieney Gi} Find the motor speed and the armature current if the load torque is doubled. Gil) Vind the inotor speed and the amature current iP U 502, Commicnt (iv) Find the motar speed and 200V, Comment, () Ithe machine is operated as a separately excited YC generator with input speed of 200 RPM. and the field resistanee is adjusted to 450. Find the toad voltage if an electrical load of SQ is connected across ihe arm pul power ield resistance is inereased to we armaiure cusrent armature voltage is reduced to re terminals, QUESTION [2} fa) Explain using neat sketches the construction and theory of the single-phase enerator, Derive an expression for its eenerated (induced) voltage. (b) Explain using neat sketches the construction. function ard theory of the transformer. \srite down its voltages and currents relationship. Write down at expression for the impedance seer by an AC source feeding a load throurh the transformer, (e) A two pole single-phase generator with the following parameters Number of tums per phase 100 ten, output fequeney 60 oe magnetic Mux= 18.018 mb and generator reuetance =0.00402. (Find the reqaired input speed in RPM. Gi) Find the root mean square value of the generated (induced) valtage. I the generator is connected w the toad Z,4¢~ 4 + {3 Q through a transmission line vith = 0.18 459. Gi) What iy the voltage at the load? (iv) Calculate the transmission fine losses? Wa 1:10 step up t the load ends of the above mentioned transmission line respectively, (vy) What is the new load voitage? , Comment (vi) Calculate the new transmission line losses? , Com ze 2of2 former and a 10:1 step down transformer are placed at the generator and GOOD LUCK E coniner Committee Dr Karim Hassan and DrAhuied AbbasAlexandria University AMY deal Faculty of Engineering Haigh Sas Mechanical Engineering Department Spill Aanaight aah Jan, 2012 ev ate Thermodynamic (ME2-213) (ME2-213) 4.0 Sele 2" Year ia: & Time allowed: 3 hr ele tot ~ ae ene ssp da Question one (15% of full mz A single-stage reciprocating compressor takes 1 m* of air per minute at 1.013 bar and 15 °C and delivers it at 7 bar if the clearance is negligible; calculate the indicated power (work), the isothermal efficiency and the heat rejected in the following cases © The compression ac ng to py!-5=¢ # The compression according py!4=e # The compression is isothermal Question Two (25 % of full mark): a) Discuss the following y22ey 6Q © dno S T 2 Asz0 ) Prove that the shown arrangement is impossible ©} Reversed reversible heat pump consuming 40 k] of work operates between temperatures limits of 300 and 500 K i Calculate COP ip ii, If the above heat pump consumes the same work but operates as irreversible one with 0.01 kJ/K entropy increase in each expansion and compression processes, calculate the new C.0.P Question three (15% of full mark); A refrigeration system using R-12 has a cooling capacity of 15 TOR. The cycle Is a standard °C while the outside vapor-compression cycle in which the product temperature is temperature is 30 °C, Determine © COP + Compressor power in (kW) ‘© Refrigerant volume How rate at compressor suction in (L/ht)Question four (25% of full mari): In 40 ine at 32 bar ard expands MW Rankine cycle, superheated steam enters the tur isentropically to condenser pressure of 0.1 bar with 92% dryness fraction, the cooling water temperature rise is 9 °C, if mechanical and boiler efficiencies are 0.85 and 0.87 respectively. The calorific value of fuel is (CV 0 MJ/kg). Determine: © Turbine mlet temperature + Steam, fuel and cooling water mass flow rates © Thermal efficiency © The work ratio (comment) © The annual fuel cost if price of fuel is 130 L. * Ifthe boiler efficiency is increased by 1%, calculate the annual money saving ton Question five (20 % of full mark): a) b) Prove that 7 a {and hence Mop #1 Petrol engine has clearance of 10 4% of the stroke. Calculate the ideal thermal efficiency based on air standard Otto cycle Single shaft gas turbine using air as the working fluid has turbine pressur- ratio of 8 The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 310 and. 1160 K, respectively, if the.compressor work is half the turbine work. determine: ‘The cycle thermal efficiency. The compressor pressure ratio. ‘The cycle thermal efficiency based on Carnot cycle (comment) Good Luck 1%Alexandria University (EAE) Bectricat Machines Faculty of Engineering Final Exam Electrical Engineering Department January, 2012 Second Year Mechanical Engineering Time allowed: Three hours PART I- ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Answer ALL Ques 1- Using the node voltage method, find the value of i, oy 2- Find the value Rto make i, 200%, 6 ko iG 1a [Sx 3+ Find the maximum power that can be transferred to a load connected to a, and b. 1008 \W\—9@———»—0u 0002 ae 100. QD Vie Jy es 4-Two parallel-connected three-phase loads are fed by a balanced three-phase source. Load 1 is Y connected with impedance 30+ j 40 per phase. Load 2 is a three phase motor that draws 48 kW at 0.8 pf lagging. If the line voltage is 380 V, 60 Hz, calculate the power factor of the source. Calculate the capacitance of the delta connected capacitors to be connected in parallel with the loads in order to raise the power factor to unity. Page 1 of 2ELECTRIC MACHT PART ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS QUESTION [1] (a) (b) © IMlustrate by ( The sta ii) The speed control techniques for the separately excited DC motor. (@ Sketch the external characteristic (V/ 1) of the separately excited DC generator. (i) Sketch the external characteristic («/T) of the separately excited DC motor. 250 V separately excited DC motor with an armature resistance of 0.030, a field resistance of 41.67 Q , a field voltage of 250 V and its magnetization curve is given by: Field currentI(A) 01 2 3 4 5 6 (i) 005 1 155195217 2.28 If Mechanical and core losses may be ignored. The motor is driving a load with a line current of 120A and an initial speed of 1103 rpm. (Calculate the input power, copper losses, developed power, output torque and the motor efficiency. ii) Find the motor speed and the armature current if the load torque is doubled. (ii) Find the motor speed and the armature current if the field resistance is increased to 502. Comment. (iv) Find the motor speed and the armature current if armature voltage is reduced to 200V. Comment. (v) If the machine is operated as a separately excited DC generator with input speed of 1200 RPM, and the field resistance is adjusted to 45. Find the load voltage if an electrical load of 5Q is connected across the armature terminals. QUESTION [2] (a) () © Explain using neat sketches the construction and thecry of the single-phase generator. Derive jession for its generated (induced) voltage. Explain using neat sketches the construction, function and theory of the transformer. Write down its voltages and currents relationship. Write down an expression for the impedance seen by an AC source feeding a load through the transformer. A two pole single-phase generator with the following parameters Number of turns per phase = 100 turn, output frequency = 60 Fz , ‘magnetic flux= 18.018 mWb and generator reactance ~0.04, (Find the required input speed in RPM. (ii) Find the root mean square value of the generated (induced) volt If the generator is connected to the load Ziyqq = 4 + j3 Q through a transmission line with Zine = O18 + j0.2. 2. ii) What is the voltage at the load? (iv) Calculate the transmission line loss fa 1:10 step up transformer and a 10:1 step down transformer are placed at the generato: and the load ends of the above mentioned transmission line respective () Whats the new load voltage? , Comment. (vi) Calculate the new transn ne losses? , Comment. Page 2 of 2 GOOD LUCK Examiner Committee: Dr.Karim Hassan and Dr.Ahmed AbbasAlexandria University Faculty of Engineeri al Engineering Department January 2012 UESTIONS QUESTION ONE: (27 points) 2 cam, with a minimum radius of 25 mm (ie base radius), rotating clockwise at uniform speed is to he designed to give a roller follower, at the end of the valve rod, motinn described below: 1-To raise the valve through 50 mm during 120° rotation of the cam; 2-To keep the valve fully raised-up through next 30°; 3-To lower the valve during next 60°; and 4+-To keep the valve closed during the rest of the revolution. Draw the cam profile when the line of stroke of the valve rod passes through the axis of the fam shaft. The displacement of the valve is simple harmonic motion for both raise aul turn, The diameter of the roller is 20 mm. UESTION TWO: (18 points) The turning moment diagram for a multi cylinder engine has been drawn to a seale of 1 mam = {300 N.m vertically and 1 mm = 2.4 horizontally. The intercepted arens between output (orque curve and mean resistance line taken in order from one end are 207, 342, 2 232, 227, 164 mm’, Find the minimum value of the ius of gyration required peed of the engine between 147.75 and 152.25 r.p.m, if the mass of the flywheel tokeep the is 1000 kg. QUESTION THREE: (18 points) A shaft turning at uniform speed carries two discs, A & B, of masses 10 and 8 kg ncietively. The mass centers of the two dises are each 2.5 mm from the axis of rotation The radii of the mass centers are at a right angle. The shaft is car by two bearings C and D between A and B such that AC= 03 m, AD =0.9, and AB = 12 me It required to make the dynamic loadings on the bearings equal in magnitude, opposite in direcung and , by adding a mass at a radius of 25 mm in a new plane Fr ke magnitude of the mass added in plane E and its angular position relative to the radius through the mass centre in plane A, The distance of plane E from plane A, arate dynamic loading on each bearing when the mass in plane E has been attached and the shaft turns at 200 rpm, QUESTION FOUR: (18 points) A two stroke five cylinders inline engine has a firing order of 1-5-4-3-2, The cylinders are identical and spaced at equal intervals of 350 mm: the crank radius is 100 mm and the Connecting rod length is 450 mm. The reciprocating mass per eylinder is 5 kg and the engine rotates at 750 r.p.m, Determine: Page | of 2 Prof Dr. 1. AWAD, Dr. A. SAAFAN and Dr. ¥. SAAD‘The maximum shaking force resulted from the first The unbalanee forces and moments, and then find (h prowmreat, QUESTION FIVE: (27 points) The PUMA 260 robot shown in figure, con redraw it in your answer sheet, table. ler only. moana eof primary ts of 6 revolute joints and 6 moving links + put the suitable frames of coordinates and write the DH Waist rotation 230% Shoulder rotation 310° oN Elbow rotation ¥ os rotation 200 va 360° og =ty Hem t 9 < Wrist E rotation os Page 2 of Prof. Dr. T. AWAD, Dr A, SAAFAN and Dr Y. SAADNANDA USTIVERSTEY 5 PNEP EEN Answer the following gnestion: cis of the Heat Generation in Cutting Process ide Tip on the tool holder 1-2) Explain the main asp: b) Sketch how to fix the € ©) Whar are the Factors @) Sketch the Cutting angles on the eutting edge of : The twist drill * Tooth of the milling Cutter ntiate between the principle of : xding ty Continuous Chip 2- Using Neat sketehes to diff » Shaping & planning pre Vertical & Horizontal Milling Processes. » Up & Dowa Horizontal Mil * Reaming & Counter sinking proc 3- a) Using Neat sketehes to show the | Principle of Surface Grinding Process * External Centerless Grinding * Dressing Process for grinding wheel b) Suggest using neat sketches the suitable Machining proc produce the following = *T-Slot * Spur Gea * Precise hole * Keys 4-a) Sketch The Rocker Arm Mechanism in shaping machine ¢) Calculate the machining time required fo mill a surface of a w. p. with dimension 900 * 600 mm, if the surface cutting speed 10 m/min and the milling cutter diameter is 200 mm with No. of teeth Z= 10, feed / tooth is 2 mm and cutter width is 30 mm . a) In Orthogonal Cutting process , draw merchant circle if Fe= 100 Kg and Fn= 40Kg , @= 30° & y= 15° Determine the following : ~ Shear force - Friction force ’ of a cutting tool at a cutting speed V = 30 m/min was found . If the Taylor exponent n= 0.25 Calculate : * The cutting edge durability at V = 80 m/min * The cutting speed corresponding to T= 120 min 6-2) Sketch the principle of Boring Process b) Use neat sketch to differentiate between Orthogonal & Oblique Cutting ¢) Calculate the Motor Power for center lathe consumed in cutting a w-P- with <0 mm diameter and the rotational speed is 200 r.p.m. if the depth of eut 1 mr the feed is 0.5 mm / rev and specific cutting resistance K,= 1800 n/ mm’. ing Processes es inciple of : ona shaft BEST OF LUCK Dr. Ismail A, Abdallah and The Committee Page 1/1