Hydraulic Arm

ENGINEERING
DESIGN

LAB

PROJECT.
SUBMITTED BY :
Sunil - Roll no. 12104008
Chaitanya Srivastava Roll no. 12104010
Abhishek Marwaha Roll no. 12104015
Priyanka Yadav Roll no. 12104016
Abhishekh Khurana Roll no. 12104027

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION:
Hydraulic systems are way of controlling the power and flow of mechanical
objects distantly. This means the hydraulic systems can be used to manipulate the
pattern of set components remotely in a predetermined manner. This forms the
fulcrum of various theories of physics, since this elementary elementary can be
applied in many forms and area to propel objects.

Hydraulic Systems are popular on many types of agricultural components

because they reduce the need of complex mechanical linkages and allow remote
control of numerous operations.

Hydraulic Systems are used to:

1. Lift objects/implements such as plows etc.
2. The change the position of implement components such as combined
header or bulldozer blade.
3. To operate remote Hydraulic motors.
4. To assist steering and breaking
5. Widely used in aeronautical and naval industries.

PRINCIPLES OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

PASCALS LAW: This law states that the pressure is transferred that states that
pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted
equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure ratio (initial
difference) remains the same.

FORCE AND PRESSURE

When a force is applied to a hydraulic system, the force in the area becomes
equal to the pressure.
This can be under stood through the formula:

P(pressure) x A( Area) = Force

This principle can be applied to objects to make them move and carry a certain
load because, when power and load, when applied over an objects that have
pressure can make objects move.

P=F/A
Let P1, F1, A1 be the applied pressure, force over an area
Let P2, F2, A2 be the pressure and force developed over the required area
From Pascals law P1=P2
Therefore:

F1/A1=F2/A2,
F2= (A2/A1) X F1,
For F2 >F1, A2 should be greater than A1.
In this case output force will be more than the input force, which is required in
this case.

MATERIAL USED AND ITS COST

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Mechanix set
Syringes
Rubber tubings
Wooden base
Plastic box
Electric tape

Rs 1000
Rs 100
Rs 40
Recycled from waste.
Recycled from waste.
Rs 20

CONSTRUCTION:
1. For mechanical (aluminium) frame we have used rods/plates form mechanix
set easily available in stores. This box contains all the rods, plates (mainly green,
grey, blue and red), nuts, bolts and shafts. The grey aluminium plates are
connected with the nuts & bolts so as to give the shape of the arm. At the forward
extreme section there is a jaw which supports the gripping action. At the other
extreme end i.e. towards the base there is a red plate which holds the basic
working frame and joins it to the frame. In two places riveting has been done:
i) The rods/plates connecting red frame and rest of the arm.
ii) Among the jaws and rest of the frame.
2. For the base, we have used I shaped base to support our hydraulic arm.
There is also a plastic bowl of 13 cm diameter - an extension of the base. Basically
this bowl supports the sideways motion of the hydraulic arm. It rotates about the
shaft which goes through the plastic frame into the wooden frame.
3. For the controlling action of the arm we have used six 2ml syringes, four 5ml
syringes and two 10ml syringes. There are in total six pairs of controlling syringes.
i) First set of two 2ml and two 5ml syringes are fixed to control the motion of the
jaw. The 2ml syringes are the controlling syringes i.e. we operate them and the
other two are the work delivering syringes i.e. they are fixed just behind the jaw
and operate the opening and closing movement of the jaw.
ii) Second set of two 2ml syringes and two 10ml syringes are fixed to control the
prismatic motion i.e. up & down motion of the arm. The 10 ml syringes are
inverted and then fitted to the green plate which in turn is connected to the
extended base so that the thrust is provided by the reaction force from the base.
The nozzle is fitted in the holes provided in the mechanical frame section. The 2ml
syringes are the controlling syringes i.e. we operate them and the other two are
the work delivering syringes

iii) Third set of two 2ml syringes and two 5ml syringes are fixed to control the
rotatory i.e. sidewise motion of the jaw. The 2ml syringes are the controlling
syringes i.e. we operate them and the other two are the work delivering syringes.
The 5ml syringes are connected to the blue base which in turn is connected to the
red base .
4. The respective sets of syringes are connected with the rubber tubing which are
easily available in the medical shops.
PARTS ARE LABELED AS BELOW:
1. JAW
2. ARM FRAME
3. RIVETED SCREWS
4. GREEN BASE
5. BLUE BASE
6. RED BASE
7. PLASTIC BOX
8. ELECTRIC TAPINGS
9. SYRINGES 10ML
10. SYRINGES 5ML
11. SYRINGES 2ML
12. WOODEN BASE
13. SHAFT
14. ROTATING PISTON
15. BOTTLE CAP
16. RUBBER TUBINGS

WORKING

The basic working principle behind the working of the hydraulic arm is the
PASCALS LAW which states that the pressure is transferred that states that
pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted
equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure ratio (initial
difference) remains the same.
P = F/A
So if the surface area of the controlling piston is less and work delivering piston is
bigger, this means that more force is transferred than the applied force.
The working of the model can be classified on the basis of the degree of
freedom of the hydraulic arm:
No. of degree of freedom of the arm: 3
1. First degree of freedom: The movement of the jaws.
When the pair of syringes labeled 2 are pressed, the pressure is transferred
to the work delivering syringes (5ml). These pushes the extension of the
jaws to produce the desired movement i.e. opening and closing movement.
Amplitude of motion= 90 degrees
2. Second degree of freedom: the up and down or prismatic movement of
the arm.
When the pair of syringes labeled 1 are pressed, the pressure is transferred
to the work delivering syringes (10ml). These pushes the the horizontal rod
part of the arm which delivers the up and down i.e. prismatic motion of the
arm
Amplitude of motion = 15 cm

3. Third degree of freedom: the sideways or rotatory motion of the arm.

When the pair of syringes labeled 3 are pressed, the pressure is transferred
to the work delivering syringes (5ml). These pushes the green coloured
base which in turn rotates the red coloured plate. The rotatory motion of
the red base is because of the shaft which is drilled through the plastic box
and wooden base.
Amplitude of motion = 30 degrees.
Beneath the green and blue basses, a cap is fitted to support the load of
the rod and to allow the sidewise motion of the arm.