Kuliah MSDS

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Misri Gozan, M.Tech.

Metode Kuliah
Pemahaman arti penting MSDS
Pembacaan MSDS
Kuis

Right to Know
You, the employee,
have sebuah right to
know about the Bahaya
chemicals you use on
the job and how to
work safely with those
chemicals.

Apakah yang dimaksud dengan sebuah Material

Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?
An MSDS is sebuah technical document which provides
detailed and comprehensive information on sebuah
controlled product related to:
health effects of overexposure to sebuah substance;
Hazard evaluation in relation to the products handling;
storage or use;
measures to protect people at risk of overexposure; and
emergency procedures.

The criteria for an MSDS are stated in the WHMIS

legislation under the Bahaya Product Act/Controlled
Product Regulation

Apakah yang dimaksud dengan tujuan

dari sebuah MSDS?
Intended to supplement the alert info provided on
labels.
It is sebuah technical information reference, originally
written for engineers, medical doctors, industrial
hygienists.
To educate people how to safely handle controlled
products.
An MSDS is NOT sebuah document intended to
represent all the information needed for safe use of
sebuah product. The variety of required protective
measures cannot be anticipated through one sheet. It
cannot foresee all possible types of worker exposure.

Info yang disajikan pada selembar MSDS:

Kandungan Bahaya (Bahaya Ingredients)
Keterangan Penyiapan (Preparation
Information)
Keterangan Produk (Product Information)
Data Fisis (Physical Data)
Fire or Explosion Hazard
Reactivity Data
Toxicological Properties
Preventive Measures
First Aid Measures

Bahaya Ingredients
Section 2 in sample MSDS
This section lists the Kandungan Bahan
Berbahayaas per WHMIS criteria.
Concentration of each Kandungan in
w/w, v/v, or w/v is given in certain ranges
as per WHMIS criteria
CAS NO, PIN NUMBER
TLV, TWA
LD50, LC50

Kandungan Bahan
Berbahayacontd. Classification as
sebuah Bahaya Ingredient
It meets one or more of WHMIS hazard criteria
and is present in excess of 0.1% for carcinogens,
teratogens, embryotoxins, reproductive toxins or
respiratory tract sensitizers. All others such as
oxidizers, corrosive, or flammables are reported
when present in excess of 1%.
If sebuah given substance is on the WHMIS
Kandungan disclosure list and it is sebuah trade
secret, then sebuah special registration number
is given.
Nothing is known about sebuah given
ingredient.

Kandungan Bahan
Berbahayacontd. Material
Identification (Section 1)
Common chemical name, trade name, IUPAC
name may be given.
CAS Number - The identification number
assigned to sebuah chemical substance by the
Chemical Abstracts Service Division of the
American Chemical Society. The CAS number is
unique to each ingredient.
PIN is also given. This number is assigned to the
product in the Transportation of Dangerous
Goods Regulation.

Kandungan Bahan
Berbahayacontd. LD50/LC50?
These values are measures of acute toxicity
For materials causing immediate and serious
health effects, these values - in part - further
classify the material as being toxic or very toxic.
LD = Lethal Dose. LC = Lethal concentration. It is
the dose of the material which causes the death of
50% (one-half) of sebuah group of test animals
when given sebuah single dose. It can be
measured for different routes of exposure, but
dermal and oral values are most relevant.
How does it apply to humans?

Preparation Information
(Section 1 in sample msds)
The date the MSDS was prepared - As per
WHMIS these documents must be reviewed every
3 years (not the case with American law - OSHA)
or when sebuah new hazard is reported.
The name of the department and company that
prepared this MSDS is given here.
Any concerns - call the number to get further
assistance.

Product Information contd.

The name of the material including some of its other
names like common names and trade name
the materials main use
names addresses and emergency phone numbers of the
manufacturer and supplier
Example
Name: Toluene
Other Names: toluol, methylbenzene,
phenylmethane, methyl benzol
Use: Solvent for organic synthesis and explosive
manufacture

Physical Data
(Section 9 in sample msds)
This section includes physical characteristics of
the material based on scientific knowledge and
testing.
Gas, liquid, or solid
The physical state determines how the material
may enter the body.
In general gases enter the body by inhalation,
liquids by ingestion or absorption and solids by
ingestion. Dusts and fumes, which are solids,
can also be inhaled.

Physical Properties contd..

Appearance and Odour
This subsection will describe the appearance
and odour of the material.
Solids are described as granular, powdery,
crystalline.
Liquids may be classified by their viscosity
(thick or thin)
Odour may be described as fruity, sharp,
or unpleasant.
For example, Ethyl acetate is sebuah colourless
liquid with sebuah sweet fruity odour.

Physical Properties contd.

Odour Threshold
This is the minimum concentration of the material that
can be detected by the sense of smell. It is expressed in
PPM. For example, ammonia can be detected at 1-5
PPM.
Compare this value to the exposure values such as TLV
or TWA.
Example: Toluene diisocyante has an odour threshold
of 0.4 to 2.4 PPM whereas the exposure limit (ACGIH
or as specified in regulations) is considerably lower at
0.005 PPM.
Varying individual sensitivity to smell is another reason
why detection by odour should not be relied upon.

Physical Properties contd.

Specific gravity
<1
>1

The number of times Hexane over H2O.

by which a liquid or Fire?
solid is heavieer than Can we use H2O?

Vapour pressure

The vapour
immediately above a
liquid or solid exerts
pressure on the air
above it at a given T.
Mass to volume ratio
of the vapour relative
to air.
Air = 1

Vapour Density
<1
>1

Toxicity and flammability

hazards at a given T.
% concentration
explosive
limits
ppm
LC50
Collection of vapour in pits
Hazards <1 Eg. HCN density
0.9 at 25.9 Deg. C. Its vapours
will mix easily with air and
spread through the workplace.
Flammability hazards >1
Toluene has a vapour density
of 3.14. At its boiling point they
tend to collect on the floor
level.

Physical Properties contd.

Evaporation rate
<1
>1

Boiling point

Freezing point

Evaporation of a material
at 20-25 Deg. C. It is
reported in comparison to
butyl acetate which is
assigned to be 1.
Liquid
gas at 1 atm.

Perchloroethylene has an evaporation

rate of 2.8. It evaporates 2.8x faster
than butyl acetate.
Usefull in evaluating fire hazards.
Water boils at 100 Deg. C
Mixtures boiling point range may be
given such as that for gasoline is
between 60 120 Deg. C.

Liquid
solid at 1 atm Water freezes at 0 Deg. C It will

Storage, handling
expand and rupture pipes and
containers.

Physical Properties contd.

PH

Partition coefficient
water/oil
<1
>1

Measures acidity or
Classification
alkalinity. Used to classify Selecting appropriate protective
material.
equipment and storage containers.
Solubility preference of
<1 more soluble in oil
likely to
water to oil.
absorbed through the skin

>1 more soluble in water
likely

to be absorbed by the mucous
membrane.
PPE & first aid

Fire or Explosion Hazard

(Section 5 in sample msds)
This subsection will indicate whether or not
there is sebuah danger of the material
igniting and under what conditions.
E.g. Vapours of toluene will ignite if they
come into contact with sebuah flame or
spark.
When sebuah material is listed as
flammable or combustible, precautions must
be taken to prevent it reaching its flash
point.

Fire or Explosion Hazard contd.

Flash point
It is the lowest temperature at which sebuah
sufficient amount of vapour is given off to create
sebuah mixture with air which is flammable on
contact with open flame or spark.
The lower the flash point the higher the risk of fire.
E.g.. Styrene has sebuah flash point of 31 Deg. C. If
the temperature of the room reaches 31 Deg. C.,
sebuah fire may begin if its vapours come into
contact with an open flame or spark.

Fire or Explosion Hazard contd.

Auto-Ignition Temperature
The lowest temperature at which
spontaneous ignition of the material in air
begins in the absence of sebuah flame or
spark.
The lower the auto-ignition temperature, the
greater the risk of fire.
E.g. Turpentine has an auto-ignition
temperature of 253 Deg. C. It will, therefore,
not ignite by itself unless it is heated to that
temperature.

Fire or Explosion Hazard contd.

Explosive limit
LOWER explosive limit
(L.E.L.)
It is the LOWEST percent
volume/volume ratio of
sebuah vapour or gas in air
that can explode if ignited.
Mixtures below L.E. L. are
too lean to burn.
E.g. Gasoline has an L.E. L.
of 1.4%. If the conc of the
vapours is <1.4% there is no
risk. But when it reaches
1.4% (LEL) sebuah spark or
flame can cause the mixture
to explode!

UPPER explosive limit (U.E.L.)

It is the HIGHEST percent
volume/volume ratio of sebuah
vapour or gas in air that can
explode if ignited.
Mixtures above U.E. L. are too
rich to burn.
E.g. Gasoline has an U.E. L. of
7.4%. If the conc. of the
vapours is >7.4% there is no
risk. However, dilution will
reduce the concentration to the
explosive range.

Fire or Explosion Hazard contd.

Hazardous combustion
products

Sensitivity to impact

Senstivity to static discharge

Means of extiniction

Lists hazardous combustion

products formed if the material
burns. Eg. Isocyanates could
potentially give NO or worse
HCN.
This indicates whether or not the
material will explode if subjected
to friction or physical schocks
such as being dropped or hit.
This indicates the likelihood of
explosion if the material were to
come into contact with a spark
generated by static electricity.
The extinguishing medium to be
used or actions to be taken to fight
a fire or an explosion involving
the material are given here.
Eg. Toluene Use water spray,
carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

Reactivity Data
(Section 10 in sample msds)
Stability

A material is stable if it remains in the same form under

normal conditions of storage and use. E.g. Styrene may
polymerize if exposed to h
or air at room temperature.

Conditions &
Reactivity

Lists the kinds of chemical reactions that this material will

undergo. Important when one decides where the waste
should go.

Hazardous
Decomposition
Products.

Products released due to heating, oxidation, or reaction with

other chemicals nearby (eg. when discarded in a waste
container.)
Eg. Trichloroethylene decomposes into phosgene when
exposed to UV light.
In the presence of these incompatible chemicals, the
material can react violently and give off toxic vapours or
heat, or both.
E.g. Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and ammonia are not
compatible. Upon mixing, chlorine gas is released.

Incompatible
products.

Toxicological Properties
Fundamental laws of toxicology
(Section 11 in sample msds)
There is NO toxicity without exposure
It is the DOSE that makes the poison -- one should be
able to see clear evidence of sebuah dose-response
relationship.
Generally, the lower the LD50, the more potent the
toxicant is. Consider ethanol, dioxin, & botulinum toxin
(botulism food poisoning). Their lethal potencies are:
botulinum toxin >>dioxin>ethanol
Yet ethanol is responsible for far more deaths in
Canada than potent toxicants, because many people
expose themselves to immoderate amounts of ethanol.

Exposure Limits
PEL (Permissible
Exposure Limit)
STEL (Short Term
Exposure Limit)
TLV (Threshold
Limit Value)

Routes of Entry

Skin or eye contact

Inhalation
Swallowing
Penetration

Toxicological Properties
Routes of Entry
Provides information about possible risks to health
based on current scientific knowledge.
Inhalation - Material in form of dusts, mists, vapours,
gases and fumes can be inhaled. Some materials can
damage the lungs (asbestos) and others may pass into
the blood and be distributed to other parts of the body
(toluene)
Ingestion - Materials that pose sebuah hazard when
swallowed. Some materials can damage the stomach
(acids) others may be absorbed into the bloodstream
(alcohols).

Toxicological Properties contd.

Routes of Entry
Absorption - indicates sebuah possible hazard if
absorbed into the bloodstream through intact skin
(phenol)
Skin contact - indicates that the material can
corrode, sensitize, or irritate the skin but may not
be absorbed (strong acids - H2SO4)
Eye contact - indicates that the material may
corrode or irritate the eye. It may also affect vision
or cause cataracts.

Toxicological Properties contd.

Irritancy of Product - whether or not the
material may cause irritation and possible
damage to the skin or eyes.
Sensitization of Product -information on
whether the material can cause an allergic
respiratory or skin reaction.

Toxicological Properties contd.

Effects of Acute Exposure - Information on the acute effects of
overexposure (higher than allowable limits) to the material. Acute
effects are effects which may be felt within sebuah few minutes,
hours, or days.
E.g.. An exposure to high concentrations
(above legally set TWA) of hexanes may lead to dizziness, lack of
co-ordination and narcosis (drowsiness).
Effects of Chronic Exposure - Possible health problems due to
repeated overexposure to sebuah material over sebuah long period
of time. These effects may be felt months or years afterwards
E.g. Chronic exposure to n-hexane may produce numbness,
tingling in the hands and feet and weakness in the arms and thighs.
Type of chronic effects - carcinogenic, reproductive, mutagenic,
teratogenic.

Toxicological Properties contd.

Carcinogenicity
Substances are classified as carcinogens as per WHMIS
only if sebuah compound is listed in one of two
publications.
ACGIH TLV booklet; A1 (confirmed) or A2
(suspected) human carcinogen, or
IARC monographs; group 1 (sufficient evidence) or
group 2 (probably carcinogenic)
Both agencies base classification on animal testing
results and/or epidemeology (study of human
population). Risk factors are used to allow for
differences between species. E.g. sebuah material is
classified as carcinogenic when the risk to humans is
1 to 1,000, 000.

Toxicological Properties contd.

Reproductive toxicity:
Reports material that may cause sterility or another adverse
effect on reproduction
E.g.Dibromochloropropane (DBCP), sebuah pesticide, has
been shown to decrease fertility (low sperm count)
Mutagenicity
Possible hereditary changes made by sebuah chemical to the DNA
which make up the chromosomes. These changes affect genetic
information passed to the offspring (offspring of both sexes can
be affected) which may result in birth defects or the development
of sebuah disease such as cancer.
E.g. Toluene-2,4-diamine has been shown to be mutagenic.

Toxicological Properties contd.

Teratogenicity
This information is directed specifically toward women
of childbearing age who are exposed to these kinds of
materials.
A material is classified as teratogenic if it causes one of
the following:
causes death, malformation, permanent metabolic
or physiological dysfunction, growth retardation,
psychological or behavioral alteration to the baby
during pregnancy, at birth or in the postnatal
period.
E.g. Dimethyl Mercury is sebuah proven teratogen.

Toxicological Properties contd.

Synergistic Products
Synergism is the term used to describe the cooperative
action of substances whose total effect is greater than the
sum of their separate effects.
E.g. Exposure to alcohols and chlorinated solvents (CH2Cl2)
simultaneously will result in more severe nervous system
effects than when one is exposed to each material separately
E.g. Cancer risk for sebuah smoker is 10x greater than for
sebuah non smoker. Cancer risk for sebuah non smoker who
works with asbestos is 5x greater than one who has no
exposure to asbestos. Cancer risk for sebuah smoker who
works with asbestos is 50x greater (not 15x).

Toxicological Properties contd.

Exposure Limits
Exposure limits are airborne concentrations of sebuah
material to which (it is believed) people may be exposed
without adverse effects.
Exposure limits known as TLVs are published by the
ACGIH and these limits are most likely to be found on
MSDSs. There are 3 different type of TLVs.
Time Weighted Average (TLV) concentration for sebuah
normal 8 hr workday and sebuah 40 hr workweek, to which
nearly all workers may be exposed, day after day, without
adverse effects.
Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) - sebuah 15 min time
weighted average exposure which should not be exceeded.
Threshold Limit Value - Ceiling (TLV-C) - The concentration
that should not be exceeded at any time.

Preventive Measures
(Section 5, 6, 7, 8 in sample msds )
Most important MSDS section. Contains info on
how one should be protected when:
handling, using or storing the material.
clean up and disposal measures are given to prevent
overexposure
fire and damage to equipment

Personal Protection
and Exposure Controls
Engineering controls to
prevent or reduce exposure
PPE
Eye and face protection
Skin protection
Respiratory protection
Medical surveillance

Preventive Measures contd.

Engineering Controls - Control measures that
prevent the release of sebuah material into the
common air.
E.g. ventilation system general and local (refers to
fumehood), gloveboxes, etc. In chm247 much of the
work will be done in the fumehood.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Gloves, Respirators, Eye Protection, Clothing, Other
Equipment.

Preventive Measures contd.

Leak and Spill Procedures - Measures to be taken
in case of sebuah leak or spill involving this material
and the methods of disposal under these circumstances.
E.g. Toluene: Remove all sources of ignition, stop
leak if safe to do so, absorb with paper, sand or
sawdust --> Where would you throw this waste
away? Would you use such material to absorb nitric
acid and why?

Waste Disposal - Appropriate waste handling

requirements. Generally not much info because they
depend on local by-laws. Need to check these laws!

Preventive Measures contd.

Handling Procedures & Equipment: Info on how to handle
material and specifies if special equipment is needed.
E.g. Toluene - Wear splash proof goggles or sebuah face shield.
Avoid all skin contact. Provide adequate ventilation or wear
appropriate respiratory equipment.

Storage requirements - Provides info for safe storage of the

material.
E.g. Toluene - Store in sebuah tightly sealed container in sebuah
well ventilated area. Keep away from sources of ignition and heat.
Keep away from oxidizing substances such as KMNO4.

Shipping - PIN number & other info required by TDG Reg.

Handling and Storage

Storage requirements
Dispensing requirements
Handling requirements
Decontaminant
or antidote

First Aid Measures

(Section 4 in sample msds)
This is the section you check in case of accidental
overexposure to the material. E.g. Xylene:
Eye contact - Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 20
minutes, then see sebuah physician.
Skin contact - Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Wash
skin with soap and water and rinse with water for 20 min., then
see sebuah physician.
Ingestion - Do not induce vomiting. Contact sebuah physician
immediately.
Inhalation - Remove victim to sebuah well ventilated area. If
breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Contact
sebuah physician.

Health & Safety Prep for

Each Experiment
Prepare sebuah table of physical constants and make sure
you do all of the calculation conversion mole --> gm or ml
etc.
Obtain an MSDS or info on safety hazards & health
effects for all chemicals used. The following websites may
be useful:
www. Chem.utoronto.ca/health/msds
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/homepage.html (click on
login and register for free)
www.emdchemicals.com (no registration required)

Health & Safety Prep contd.

www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ehppsb/whmis
www.gov.on.ca/lab/ohs/ohse
http://www.iarc.fr/
http:/chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com
www.cdc.gov.niosh
www.ccohs
for others search www.google.com

SAFETY AND LABORATORY RULES

Work is only permitted during SCHEDULED LABORATORY
PERIODS.
Know the location of FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, SAFETY
EQUIPMENT, AND THE NEAREST EXIT.
Approved SAFETY GOGGLES, sebuah LAB COAT, must be worn
at all times. Use of NITRILE RUBBER GLOVES is recommended to
avoid contact of chemicals with skin.
NO FOOD, DRINKS OR SMOKING ARE ALLOWED
SHOES MUST BE WORN. TIE LONG HAIR BACK
NEVER TASTE OR SMELL CHEMICALS
DISPOSE OF CHEMICAL WASTE IN PROPER CONTAINER.
Waste containers may not be always in the same fumehood.

MOST COMMON DANGERS IN AN

ORGANIC LABORATORY

FIRE AND EXPLOSION

CHEMICALS
GLASSWARE

FIRE & EXPLOSION

See Suppl. Lab Manual
Never use an open flame! Never smoke! Read the
msds and lab instructions to make sure that you are
using the right heat source. Use one of heating
mantles, hot plates (never use for ether), or steam
bath.
Heat flammable solvents in sebuah flask (not
beakers) in the fumehood!
Evaporate organic solvents in the fumehood
Familiarize yourself with location of fire equipment.

Fire and Explosion Data

Flashpoint
Flammability limits
Bahaya combustion
products
Extinguishing media
Firefighting protective
equipment and instructions

EMERGENCY PROCEDURE IN
CHEMICAL INJURY
Go immediately to the nearest tap or shower and flood
affected area with copious amounts of water.
Speed is imperative. If you notice sebuah fellow student
needs assistance, help him/her. Once you have started
emergency treatment call sebuah TA. Yell loudly!
REPORT ALL INJURIES TO THE PREP ROOM
IMMEDIATELY!
PRECAUTION: Read the safety pages of Suppl. Lab
Manual.

Spill Response

Isolate the area

Trained personnel only
Contain the spill
Clean up the spill
Disposal procedures

GLASSWARE PRECUATION
Handle glassware gently.
Be especially careful when inserting glass
tubing into sebuah hole. It helps if the glass is
wet (lubricated).
Hold the glass with sebuah paper towel or j cloth and insert it with sebuah gentle twisting
motion with your driving hand close to the
hole.

REPORT ALL INJURIES TO THE PREP

ROOM IMMEDIATELY!

HazCom and the MSDS

Chemical manufacturers must determine sebuah
chemicals hazards and provide an MSDS.
Employers must make the MSDS available and
train employees on the hazards of the chemical
and how to protect themselves from those
hazards.
Employees must read the MSDS so that they can
identify the hazards and understand how to work
safely with the chemical.

First-Aid Measures
Eyes: Flush with
water for 15 minutes
Skin: Wash with soap
and water
Inhalation: Move
to fresh air
Ingestion: Get emergency medical
assistance
Notes to physician

Other Information

Toxicological
Ecological
Transportation
Additional regulatory and reporting
requirements

Labeling and Marking Systems:

NFPA Diamonds
 Color coded,
numerical rating
system
 Should be near main
entrances, fire alarm
panels, or on outside
entrance doors
 Provide at-a-glance
hazard information

NFPA and HMIS Information

Health = Blue
Flammability = Red
Reactivity = Yellow
Other hazards or
special handling = White
Scale: 0 (no hazard)
to 4 (extreme hazard)

Labeling and Marking Systems

NFPA Diamonds

 4= Deadly Hazard
 3= Severe Hazard
 2= Moderate Hazard
 1= Slight Hazard
 0= No Hazard

Labeling and Marking Systems

HMIS
 Designed to go on
individual containers
of products that dont
have manufacturers
labels
 Same color
code/numerical rating
system as the NFPA
diamonds

Labeling and Marking Systems

HMIS Labels
 Blue = Health
 Red = Flammability
 Yellow = Instability
 White = Personal
Protective Equipment or
special protection
information

Labeling and Marking Systems

HMIS Labels

 You should never have any

unattended, unlabeled
containers in your workplace!

MSDS Confusion
No standardized format
ANSI standard
Chemical Manufacturers Association

Accessing an MSDS

List of chemicals
Binders
Fax systems
Computer systems

Hazard Communications

BE SAFE,
NOT SORRY!

Summary

MSDS is the foundation of chemical safety

24-hour access
Symptoms of exposure and first aid
Storage and handling
Personal protective equipment

1.

2.

3.
4.

5.

Quiz
When seeking emergency medical help for overexposure
to sebuah chemical, what should be provided to the
physician?
_______________________________________________
A low flashpoint, such as 50 degrees F, means the
chemicals vapors are not likely to ignite at room
True or False
temperature.
Describe how you would obtain an MSDS at your
company:_______________________________________
Typical first-aid for someone who feels dizzy after
breathing sebuah chemical
is:____________________________
Chemical manufacturers that list trade secret as sebuah
Bahaya Kandungan are exempt from providing safety
information on that chemical.
True or False

Quiz (cont.)
6. Nausea, skin rash, headache, tightness in the chest
may all
be:______________________________________
7. Before requiring the use of PPE, employers must
evaluate the use of engineering controls to reduce
True or False
exposure to chemical hazards.
8. Why is it important for employees to know the
appearance and odor of the chemicals they are
using?
9. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan the importance of
PEL, STEL, and TLV?

Quiz Answers
1. The physician should be provided with the MSDS.
2. False. sebuah low flashpoint means the chemical is
very flammable and the vapors are more likely to
ignite.
3. Facility-specific: binder, computer, fax system, etc.
4. Inhalation victims should get some fresh air.
5. False. Chemical manufacturers still must discuss
the hazards, safety information, and first-aid
procedures for trade secret ingredients.

Quiz Answers (cont.)

6. Symptoms of exposure
7. True
8. Knowing the appearance and odor of sebuah
chemical will help employees recognize chemical
spills.
9. PEL, STEL, and TLV are exposure limits that
must not be exceeded unless wearing appropriate
PPE.
10. Call the 24-hour emergency phone number shown
on the MSDS.