Feb. 27, 1923.

c. A. NELSON
FI REARM

File Aug. 22, 1916

(P

2 sheets-sheet 1

Feb. 27, 1923.

l446,763
C. A. NELSON
FIREARM

2 sheets-sheet 2

Filed Aug_. 22, 1916 -

un

Qa @

u.. y

1.6,?63.

TEM"

i.

. CHARLES A. NELSON',
`
OF
TION,
UTICA,
.A CORPORATION
NEW YORK, SSGNOR
.0F DELAWE.
T0 SAVAGE
e
'

il S CORPORA

IFI.

npplcation med August 22, 1916. Serial No. 118,227.

>To all {whom/t wuz/y concern:

endwisef; _the rotary "movement serving to

Be it. known that I, CHARLES A. NnLsN, lock and unlock it~and the endwise move- -'
a citizen _of the United States, residing at ment to eject the ' spent shell, reload the
Utica, Oneida County, New York, have in chamber and cock the firing pin or striker 2.

vented the following described Improvei

ments in Firearms.

>

The invention is an improvement in

shoulder fire arms and relates more particu
larly to the structure and relation of .the
parts- which 4control the breech bolt and the
hammer or striker and their compact organi-`
zation .in the breech part of >the gun, the

` For imparting vthese . movements to the

breech bolt the latter is provided with- a side

lever 3 guided in a transverse` slot in the
Abreech casing 4 when rotating the breech `
lbolt and in a longitudinal slot when being

pulled back or pushedv forward. During the

_return of the bolt to its forward'and locked

position, the striker is arrested by engage

object being to reduce the number of parts `ment of its 'lug 5 with the nose or upwardly

15

and simplif the construction,and especially

to reduce the lengthwise dimension of the
breech mechanism, thereby reducing thev
weight and .improving .the balance of the
arm.

20

30

The. invention vthus .consists in the disposed in the breech case, below the bolt,

`the gear frame, sear, trigger and safety tridges laterally superposed and subject to
mechanism as hereinafter explained and upward movement into the path of the bolt 75

more particularly identied by the appended by a spring-pressed follower 7 of 'usual .de

sign. The bottom wall 8, -constitutinga ioor
Inthe accompanying drawings--`
plate to the magazine chamber, is removable
. Fig. lV is a substantially central longitu together with the -sprin and follower, by
dinal section through the breech portion olfl sliding it rearwardly an o of the ledges 9,
-

'

'

'

80

-a gun embodying my invention, the safety to which ledges it is normally confined by the
mechanism being sho-wn'n elevation and at spring-pressed bolt 10 presentlyreferred to.
The gun stock is applied to the rear of the
Fig. 2 isa top plan of Fig. l, the safety breech frame so as to provide a space in rear
being shown in dotted lines;
ofthe' magazine lwherein are compactly con 8,5
Fig. 3 is a view similar to a portion of fined the combination of members to which

Fig. l Abut'showing the safety bar in locking

my invention pertains.

Referring first t@ Figs. 1 we, the mem- l

Fig. 4 is Ya section o-n the line IV--FV of bers alluded to include a frame member l1 90

position;

35

70

the striker spring is put under compression '

and the gun is ready to fire. _. The magazine

' principles of assemblage and `cooperation of lis adapted to contain the supply of car

claims.

25

extending rear .end of the sear 6 and upon

the completion of the forward bolt motion

'

constituting in effect a depending lug or

ig.5 is a section on the-line V--V of wall which'is rigidly secured by screwsl to

Fig. l;
^
the' under part ofthe receiver as indicated

Fig. 6 is an edge view, detached, of the in Fig._-5. Thistransverse Wall or lug" is

_
U ` disposed immediately .in rearof the maga?
Fig. 7 is a perspective view' of the safety 'zine' which it backs up and supports against `

40 lug wall 1l.

bar;

45

tion;

50

'

'

'

rearward thrust, .and also` forms a connec

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. l showing tion between the receiver and the vlower
a variant form of the safety mechanism;
frame member and trigger guard 12, the lat-_ ,
Fig. 9A is a plan view of the parte of Fig. ter bein boltedto the llower endl-of the lug 1.00 '
8, with the safety in dotted lines;
as also -own in Fig. 5. The connection be
Fig. 10 is a` view vsimilar' to Fig. 8 but tween' the receiver and trigger guard at thisl
showing the safety in locked or safe posi# point forms Ia substantial reinforcement to
the framework of the gun withoutmaterial
Fi . 1l is a. transverse section on the line increase ofi-weight as will be evident. 'At 105 ^
and

X-~ l of Fig. 8.

'

'

- its upper-.end the .lug 'll is recessed to ac

In these nfigures the invention is illus-_ commodate the 'pi-voted endv of the sear 6

trated as incorporated in and forming a and ,part >of the trigger within the sear and
part of a magazine ride of well-known type it is also bored~ to form the socketsfor the 'v 65 in which the bolt 1 is rotatable and movable sear spring 13' and for they locking bolt -10 110

interes

and its spring. By thus recessing the lug door plate 8. v'lhe ed'ge of the latter how
it is plain that the sear-itself of appro ever, is perforated in line with the bolt so
priate length-can occupy a position fur- y that the pointed end of a cartridge for in
ther forward than would otherwise be the stance can be inserted to press the bolt up
thereby unlock the plate 8 to
case if the lug were not provided with an wardly
opening. The sear is fulcrumed on a cross permit its removal as above described.
The safety or-locking device for the im
pin 14: in the lug opening as indicated in
the drawings, and its rear upturned nose proved gun is'in the form of a lever or
projects through a slot in the receiver where flat bar having a compound tilting and end
it is situate in the path of the cooking lug wise movement, from its safe7 to its fire
5 on the striker 2. rlhe -trigger 15~ is pivoted positions. This character of motion com

70

75

on a lshort cross-pin 16 carried by the sear bines effectively with the compact organi

and bears by its heel 17 against an abutment zation above described and permits a single

part 18 of the receiver, the point of bearing part or piece of metal to lockcboth the
being in the rear of the Sear `ivot so that breech bolt and the Sear and allows the safety soY
whenever the trigger is pull it rocks on thumb piece 20 to be disposed atthe top
its said abutment and thereby acts through center of the grip where it is not only conn
its pivot 16 topull the sear downwardly so veniently operated and easily seen, but is

as to withdraw its nose from the striker lug operated by a forward thrust of the thumb
5. This movement of sear and trigger is to set it at fire. The-safety bar or lever
lmade against the resistance of the sear referred to is separately shown in Fig. 7
spring 13 which spring is seated in the rear and it will be noted that its forward end
wardly projecting pocket bored in the lug is offset and that for convenience this offset
11 and impartsits thrust upwardly to the end is included in the sectional views of

sear to press the trigger heel against its said Figs. 1 and 3 notwithstanding these views

85

90

abutment and thereby to swing the trigger are otherwise confined to the central section

of the gun. The said bar is fulcrumed by

forward until its forward extension 19

strikes a _stop ofl some sort, in the present
case thefulcrum pin '14 of the sear. rl`he
engagement of the arm 19A with the pin de

its lengthwise slot 21 on a cross pin 22 in

a fulcrum post 23 secured to the receiver.

movement, and holds the parts in the posi

held on a base piece 20a which is inclined

Its rear end is pivotally connected to the

95

termines the extent of the said spring-urged thumb piece 2O and the latter is slidingly

tion indicated by Fig. 1 with the Sear nose to the aXis of the gun at an- angle substan
'
projecting into the path of the cooking lug _tially equal to Ithe drop of thestock. lThe 100
as described. The sear spring is shownas forward and upward movement of the
acting on the sear by contact with a con thumb piece thus shoves the safety bar
centric arc-shaped surface of the trigger bodily forward on its fulcrum pin 22 and

thus imparting its pressure to the -sear

through the intervention of the latter and
4,0 constituting a feature of oompactness, as

swings its forward end downwardly, while

the reverse movementv of the~ thumb piece

produces the reverse movement of the lever. 105
The
forward end of the lever is provided
will be evident. Obviously however, tthe
with
two locking parts> or branches; one
could
act
directly
on
the
sear
if
re
' sprin
quire orfindiiectly on some other part with marked 24 is in the plane of the thu1nb~
- the same effect. lt will be observed in pass piece and Sear and is adapted by the thumb
45 ing that by compounding the pivot of the ing- movement to shift into and out of ob
trigger upon that of the sear, as b-y pivot structing position-to the sear on which an
ing the former upon the latter and by dis abutment seat is provided for it', as shown.
posing the forward part of the Sear in the The other branch, marked 25 being the off
recess of the lug, these parts are brought set portion, extends upwardlyialongsideof
115'
50 into a minimum compass. The rear( side of the sear (Fig. 4) and through the Wall of the
the cooking lug 5 is bevelled as customary, receiver where it may enter a recess 26 in the
to ride over the sear, as the breech bolt is surface of the breech bolt. When engaged in
retracted. Moreover, the forward side of this recess the breech bolt cannot be rotated
the sear nose serves to limit this rearward to unlock it and when the bolt is moved _so

motion and by pulling the trigger to depress 'that the recess 26 is not in registry with

its sla-bloed side within the bore. The end

the end 25 of the safety bar, thebar cannot be operated. Thus the rearward oper
ation of the thumb piece causes upward and
rearward movement of the locking ends to
obstruct operation of both the .Sear and the
breech Abolt while- its forward operation pro
ducing forward and downward movement of

inthe lower frame member 12 where it ob

ment is provided for the safety bar by a

the sear when the bolt is retracted -it can be

further withdrawn and removed from the

receiver.

60

The magazine `bolt 10 above referred to

is confined in its bore in the lower part of

the'lug 11 by a small cross-pin engaging

' of the bolt protrudes normally into a recess the said ends releases them.
65

Snap move

structs the rearward sliding'` of the magazine spring detent 27 of obvious design carried

120

1,446,763
by the fulcrum post 23 and which engages breech bolt carrying a. striker and means for
releasing the ,latter7 of a lsafetybar having
top of the bar to` hold it in either of its~ compound tilting and endwise movement
extreme positions. `The post 23 is formed whereby said bar obstructs operation of said
one or the other ofthe depressions in the

with its shoulder .23a to bear against the bolt and striker.
under side of the thumb piece base 20a and
2. In a re-arm of the kind described, the
is utilized as a means _of securing the said combination with a rotatable and longitudi
base piece to the rear end of the- receiver. nally Amoving breech bolt carrying a striker
- As shown in Fig. 1 the upper end of the and means for releasin the latter, of a safety
10

postextends'through the said piece and the bar having -compound tilting and endwise
rear part of the receiver, being upset upon movement adapting it to obstruct operation

the latter and thereby constitutes itself and of said bolt and striker and a thumb-piece
the said base piece as a rigid part of the mounted on the t center of the grip to

gun frame. The said fulcrum post serves move lengthwise of t e arm and constituting
the further purpose moreover of retaining the operating member for said safety bar.
the wooden stock to the'frame of the gun
3. In a {ire-arm, the combination cfa ro- _
for which purpose its lower end is threaded tatable breech bolt and locking means there
and a screw 28 is used to hold the stock for, including a bar pivoted intermediate of y
rmly engaged with it.
`
its ends and a thumb .piece at one end and
20
In Figs. 8 to 11 the- general construction the opposite end being ,disposedl for locln'ng'
will be recognized as similar to that4 already engagement with _the breech bolt when the

described, the lug 11a corresponding tothe latter is in ring position.

lug 11 of the rst form, but omittingthat
4. In a re-arm, the combination of a ro

rearward part which constitutes the socket

for the sear spring. In this form the sear
is fnlcrumed at 30 to the receiver and
the sear spring 13l is housed 1`n the socket

tatable breech bolt and locking means there

for, including a bar pivoted intermediate of

its ends, and slidable endwise in respect to

its pivot into locking engagement with said

in the sear itself and on the forward side breech bolt anda thumb-piece for actuat-30

of its fulcrum, thrusting downwardlyon ing 'said bar pivotall _connected thereto.

this part of the Sear and upwardly against

5. In a {ire-arm, t e combination with a

the bottom of the receiver to urge the sear rotating and sliding breech bolt and a pivot

to its cooking position. The trigger 15a is ed Sear, of a thumb piece centrally disposed

pivoted as before on a cross-pin 16a carried at the rear of the sear on the upper side of

35

by the sear and is adapted to rock by its, the gun stock land mounted to slide at an
heel portions 1'?a upon the receiver to swing inclination to the axis of the tire-arm, said
the sear downwardly. This trigger action thumb piece being provided with a locking-

is made against the pressure of the scar

bar extending forward therefrom into the

spring which reacting restores the parts `to lire-arm substantially in the ~central plane
normal position, substantially in the manner thereof for locking said breech-bolt against
110 already described, and as will be evident rotation and unlocking thesame and locking
without description. The safety b'ar` 31 and unlocking said sear.
'

having the compound tilting and endwise

10

6. In a lire-arm, the combination of a ro

movement already described in connection tatable breech bolt, a thumb piece at the '

- with the safety bar of the preceding form, upper side of the ip mounted to slide at
and fulcrumed in the same kind of frame an inclination to t e axis of the firearm,

45

post 23, is provided with a part 24a which said thumb piece being provided with a lock

-moves into and out of obstructing position

1,1

ing bar extending forward therefrom into

to the Sear 6E. Its extreme forward end is the fire-arm for locking said breech bolt.
connected by a slot and pin to a bolt 32
7. In a lire-arm, the combination of a ro
50 which is housed and guided in thesear it
tatable breech bolt, a-thumb piece at the 11
self and within the sear spring 13a and the upper side of the grip mounted to slide at ^
forward and downward movement pf this an inclination to the vaxis of the hre-arm, and
end of the bar, produced by forward thumb a safety bar extending forward into the ~

ing of the thumb piece 20, withdraws the hre-arm substantially in the central plane
thereof and operated by said thumb piece for
bolt.
bolt 32 from the recess 26al in the breech

'

The opposite movements enters it in

the said recess when the breech bolt `is closed

locking said breechbolt. l

'

12|

8. Asafety lock for fire-arms of the slid

and the e?ect is otherwise the same as first ing breech bolt type including a bar plvoted
30

described. The lug 11sL also contains ther intermediate of its ends and movable end_

magazine bolt 10 as before and by its con wise in respect to its pivot and inthe central
nection to the trigger guard reinforces the vertical plane of the lire-arm, a thumb iece

gun frame and supports'the magazine.

connected to one end of said bar and a ock

ing projection at >the opposite end 'ofset

1. Ina fire-arm of the kind described, the from the longitudinal plane of the thumb
Claims:

combination wth a longitudinally movable

v,

piece.

.-

13k

ai

1,446,763

9. In a fire-arm, the combination of a ro

adapted to obstruct the'sear and another part

tatable breech bolt having a locking recess, of said bar being laterally offset from the

a firing pin, mechanism for releasing the

latter and a locking mechanism independent
.of said mechanism having a finger piece on
the stock portion of the lire-arm and extend
ing therefrom into the receiver to enter said
recess to lock the bolt against rotation.

Sear-obstructing partv and adapted to lock j

the breech bolt.

18. In ~a ire-arm,-`the combination of a

sear pivotally mounted at its forward end,

an upwardly 'acting spring _intermediate of

the ends ofthe Sear and in the rear ofthe

10. In a re~arm, the combination of the pivot thereof, and a safety device having a
bolt action"'and firing mechanism, a safety portion below said scar and movable up~
bar pivoted to swing in the vertical central wardly and rearwardly intb the path of the
plane of the fire-arm and having one end rear swinging end of the sear.

75

19'. In a firearm, the combination of the

terminating in a thumb piece at the upper
< side of the grip, the other end terminating receiver having a Sear fulcrumed therein
in projections adapted for joint lockin en at the forward end -of said sear, a trigger so
gagement with the bolt a-ction and ring pivotally carried on the sear and a spring
mechanism.

acting directly on the trigger` to hold the

11. In a side lever lire-arm having a ro

same and the sear in cooking position.-

'

20.` In a magazine fire-arm, the combina

tating bolt, a safety lock including a mov
able bar contained within the breech case tion with the gun frame including the receiv
and provided with separate integral projecT er, scar and trigger guard, of a single mem

tions at its forward end respectively adapted ber rigidly connecting the receiver and trig
for engagement with the bolt to prevent the ger guard and constituting also av rear wall
rotation thereof and with the firing mech of the magazine chamber and having a rear
anism to lock the same and an operating

wardly extending lug independent of said

90

thumb piece on the top of the grip connected connection and presenting a socket seat for
to said bar.

12. In a fire-arm, the combination of a

breech bolt,~ and a safety mechanism includ

ing a bar pivoted intermediate of its ends,
a locking bolt pivotally connected to one
end of said bar and adapted for locking
engagement with the breech bolt, and a
thumb piece at the opposite end of the bar.
Ul

an upwardly acting spring for said sear.

21. In a magazine {ire-arm, the combina

tion with the gun frame including a receiver

provided with a depending transverse walled

95

member immediately in the rear of the mag

azine, a Sear having its front end pivoted

Within4 a recess in said member, a Sear

spring carried by said member, and a lower

13. In a fire-arm, the combination with a frame member rigidly secured to said wall 10()

breech bolt, striker and sear of a'safety

member.

22. In a magazine fire-arm, the combina

a bar adapted to pre
vent operation of t e scar, a part of said tion with a gun framel including >a receiver

' mechanism includin

bar lying in the vertical central longitudi having a safety base piece secured to its rear
nal plane of the arm and a part being oEset wardly extending extremity a depending
adjacent the sear and adapted to lock the transverse wall on said receiver immediately

breech bolt.

'

in rear of the magazine, a lower frame mem

~14. In a re-arm, the combination of a ber secured to said wall member and a gun

pivoted Sear, a trigger pivoted thereon, a stock removably attached to said last named'
safety bar_having a thumb piece in rear of member andthe said safety base piece.
23.` In a magazine fire-arm, the combina
the sear andV having a compound endwise
and tilting movement into the path of the tion with a gun frame including a receiver
and a lower frame member rigidly united
by
a transverse. wall immediately in rear-_
15. In a {ire-arm, the combination of a
of the magazine, of a safety bar having a
i pivotal sear, a trigger pivoted thereon, a'
safety bar having a thumb piece in rear of fulcrum post i rear of said wall and a gun
the sear mountedv to slide at an inclination stock secured to said post and to said wall.
24. In a'magazine fire-arm. the combina
to the axis of the fire-arm, said bar receiv
tion
with >agun frame including a receiver
ing compound endwise and tilting movement
scar.

110

115

and a lower frame member rigidly united 120

thereto
_by a transverse wall in rear of the'
16. In' a fire-arm, the combination of, a

from said thumb piece.

breech bolt, a pivotal sear, a trigger pivoted magazine, off a safety bar having a thumb

thereon, a safety bar having a central thumb piece central of the gun and a fulcrum in
piece in rear of the sear and having parts rear of said wall, a sear and trigger centrally

moved thereby into locking engagement with disposed between said fulcrum and the said

wall, a portion of said safety bar being cen

j the se'ar and the breech bolt respectively.
17. In a V'fire-arm, the combination of a tral to the gun and a part beingoiset and
breech bolt, a pivotal Sear, a trigger pivoted

thereon, a safety Vbar having a'thumb piece

lying alongside of the sear.'

25. In a fire-arm, the combination with

-in rear of the scar, a part of saidbar being the breech bolt, striker and cooking and re 130

1,446,763

10

leasing means, of a safety bar having com-l 27. In a fire-arm, the combination with a 15
pound tilting and endwise movement and a breech-bolt
firing mechanism, of a safety
spring detent cooperating with sockets in mechanism and
including a member adapted to
said bar to retain it in its extreme positions,
operation of said firing mechanism,
said sockets being disposed adjacent the piv-> prevent
a
`part
voi"
said member lying in the vertical
oting point of the bar.
central longitudinal plane of the arm and 20
26. In a firearm, the combination with a. carrying a thumb-piece at the top of the
sliding and rotating breech bolt, the striker, grip thereof and a part being offset adja- ~
and gunstock of a safety piece centrally dis cent the firing mechanism to lock the breech
posed at the rear of said breech bolt and bolt.
upon the upper side of the gunstock, and
In testimony whereof, I have signed this
25

means projecting therefrom into the firearm specication.

and operated by said' safety piece for simul

taneously locking said bolt and striker.

CHARLES A. NELSON.