Women, Islam

&
Equality

The National Council of Resistance of Iran

Foreign Affairs Committee
Women, Islam
&
Equality

The National Council of Resistance of Iran

Foreign Affairs Committee
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Introduction IX

I A Century-long Quest for Equality 1

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 III

Islam:
Beacon of Women's
Emancipation

1EV]EQ6ENEZM.YRI

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IUYEPMX]8LI]LEZIJSGYWIHSRTSPMXMGEPMWWYIWGYPXYVEPQEXXIVWLYQER
VMKLXWERHIZIRWYGLFEWMGUYIWXMSRWEWE[SQER¸WVMKLXXSGLSSWILIV
S[RGPSXLMRK%XRSXMQIHYVMRKXLIVIMKRSJXLIQYPPELWLEZI[SQIR
WYGGYQFIHXSXLITVIWWYVIWERHTIVWIGYXMSRHMVIGXIHEXXLIQ
 -R XLI IEVP] HE]WEJXIV XLI WLEL¸W JEPP MR *IFVYEV] ZIXIVER
[SQIRTSPMXMGEPEGXMZMWXWQER]SJ[LSQLEHNYWXFIIRVIPIEWIHJVSQ
TVMWSRPIHXLI[E]1SWXTVSQMRIRXEQSRKXLIQ[IVI[SQIRQIQFIVW
SJXLI4ISTPI¸W1SNELIHMRXLIQEMRSTTSWMXMSRHYVMRKXLIWLEL¸WXMQI
WSSRXSIQIVKIEWXLITVMRGMTEPVIWMWXERGIJSVGIEKEMRWX/LSQIMRMERH
LMW VIXMRYI ;SQIR¸WTVMSV TEVXMGMTEXMSR MRXLI ERXMWLEL QSZIQIRX
EGXIHEWEWTVMRKFSEVHJSVXLIMVHIJMERGISJ/LSQIMRM¸WEXXIQTXWXSVSPP
FEGO XLI GPSGO 7SSR [SQIR JVSQ EPP [EPOW SJ PMJI JVSQ FPYIGSPPEV
[SVOIVWXSLMKLP]XVEMRIHTVSJIWWMSREPWERHLSYWI[MZIW[MXLHMJJIVIRX
IHYGEXMSREPFEGOKVSYRHWXSSOXSXLIWXVIIXWXSTVSXIWX
3R1EVGLPIWWXLEREQSRXLEJXIVXLISZIVXLVS[SJXLI
QSREVGL]/LSQIMRMSVHIVIHXLISFWIVZERGISJEHVIWWGSHIJSV[SQIR
MRSJJMGIWERHTYFPMGTPEGIW-VERMER[SQIRGLEPPIRKIHXLIHMVIGXMZI
MREQENSVHIQSRWXVEXMSRMR8ILVERSR1EVGL-RXIVREXMSREP;SQIR¸W
(E]8LITVSXIWXHMHRSXWXST/LSQIMRMJVSQTVIWWMRKSR7SSRKERKW
SJXLYKWERH GPYF[MIPHIVWVSEQIHXLIWXVIIXWGLERXMRK µIMXLIVXLI
ZIMPSVELMXSRXLILIEH¶ERHEWWEYPXMRK[SQIRMRTYFPMG3R1EVGL
 XLI 1SNELIHMR MWWYIH E WXEXIQIRX HIRSYRGMRK XLI HIGVII 8LI
WXEXIQIRXWEMHµ%R]YWISJJSVGIXSMQTSWIER]WSVXSJZIMPSVHVIWW
GSHISRXLI[SQIRSJXLMWGSYRXV]MWMVVEXMSREPERHYREGGITXEFPI
3YV VIZSPYXMSR GERRSX EGGITX ER] WIGSRH XLSYKLXW SR SV HIRMEP SJ
-VERMER[SQIR¸WGSQTPIXINYHMGMEPPIKEPTSPMXMGEPERHWSGMEPVMKLXW¶
8LIWI IZIRXW QEVOIH XLI FIKMRRMRK SJ E HMJJMGYPX RSRZMSPIRX
TSPMXMGEPWXVYKKPIXLEXPEWXIHX[SERHLEPJ]IEVWYRXMP.YRI*SV
[SQIR SJ GSYVWI XLI TVMGI [EW QYGL LIEZMIV XLER JSV QIR 8LI]
[IVIRSXSRP]MRWYPXIHFIEXIRERHEXXEGOIHSRXLIWXVIIXWFYXEPWS
LEHXSXSPIVEXITVIWWYVIWERHWGSVREXLSQI[LIVITEVIRXW[IVIRSX
]IXTVITEVIHXSEGGITXWYGLEGXMZMWQF]XLIMVHEYKLXIVW(YVMRKXLMW
TIVMSHWGSVIWSJ[SQIR[IVIOMPPIHWIVMSYWP][SYRHIHSVEVVIWXIH
F]XLIQYPPELW¸6IZSPYXMSREV]+YEVHWERHTEVEQMPMXEV]KVSYTW
%LMKLWGLSSPWXYHIRXMRXLIWSYXLIVRGMX]SJ7LMVE^2EWVMR6SWXEQM
[EWEXXEGOIHF]KYEVHWEWWLI[EWHMWXVMFYXMRK1SNELIHMRPMXIVEXYVI
MR3RII]I[EWKSYKIHSYXERHWLIHMIHEJI[HE]WPEXIVMRXLI
LSWTMXEP 7MQMPEV MRGMHIRXW SGGYVVIH EPP EGVSWW XLI GSYRXV] [LIVI
[SQIRQIQFIVWERHW]QTEXLM^IVWSJXLI1SNELIHMR[IVIXLITVMQI
XEVKIXWSJXLIKSZIVRQIRXSVKERM^IHLSSPMKERWERHSJJMGMEPVITVIWWMZI
JSVGIW 8LI EGXMZI TVIWIRGI MR XLI WSGMEP ERH TSPMXMGEP EVIREW SJ
1SNELIHMR [SQIR ERH KMVPW [IEVMRK LIEHWGEVZIW [EW E QENSV
MQTIHMQIRXXS/LSQIMRM¸WEXXIQTXWXSJSVGI[SQIRFEGOMRXSXLIMV
LSQIWYRHIVXLITVIXI\XSJ-WPEQ3R%TVMP[SQIRWYTTSVXIVW
SJXLI1SNELIHMRQER]QSXLIVWEQSRKXLIQWXEKIHEWXVSRK


HIQSRWXVEXMSR XS TVSXIWX EKEMRWX XLI IQIVKMRK HMGXEXSVWLMT ERH
FVYXEPMXMIW 8LI TVSXIWX [EW HIWGVMFIH F] -VER [EXGLIVW EW XLI JMVWX
QEWWI\TVIWWMSRSJHIJMERGIEKEMRWXXLIRI[SVHIV
3R .YRI  XLI 1SNELIHMR SVKERM^IH ERSXLIV TIEGIJYP
HIQSRWXVEXMSRF]LEPJEQMPPMSRSJXLIMVWYTTSVXIVWMR8ILVER%[EVI
SJXLIMQTPMGEXMSRWSJXLIQEVGL/LSQIMRMMWWYIHTIVWSREPSVHIVWXS
WXSTXLIXLVSRKWSJTISTPIQEVGLMRKXS[EVHXLITEVPMEQIRXEXEPPGSWXW
9WMRKLIEZ]QEGLMRIKYRWXLI+YEVHWFIKERWLSSXMRKMRHMWGVMQMREXIP]
,YRHVIHW[IVIOMPPIHSV[SYRHIHERHXLSYWERHWEVVIWXIH;SQIR
ERH]SYRKKMVPWGSRWXMXYXIHEWM^EFPITSVXMSRSJXLIZMGXMQW8LIVIMKR
SJXIVVSVERHQEWWI\IGYXMSRWFIKERXLEXWEQIIZIRMRK
3RISJXLIJMVWXKVSYTWSJZMGXMQW[IVIXIIREKIKMVPWEVVIWXIHSR
.YRI8LIMVMHIRXMXMIWLEHRSXIZIRFIIRIWXEFPMWLIH[LIR
XLI] [IVI WIRX FIJSVI XLI JMVMRK WUYEH -R E WXEXIQIRX MR XLI WXEXI
GSRXVSPPIH HEMP]  SR .YRI   XLI µ4YFPMG 6IPEXMSRW
3JJMGI¶SJXLI4VSWIGYXSV+IRIVEPTYFPMWLIHXLITMGXYVIWSJXLIKMVPW
XEOIRNYWXFIJSVIXLIMVHIEXL[MXLERSXMGIXSXLIMVTEVIRXWXSKSXS
)ZMR4VMWSRXSMHIRXMJ]XLIFSHMIW
8LIIPMQMREXMSRSJEPPEZIRYIWSJTSPMXMGEPEGXMZMX]PIHQER]TISTPI
XSNSMRXLIYRHIVKVSYRH6IWMWXERGIXLEXFIKERWYFWIUYIRXXSXLI.YRI
 QEWWEGVI 8LI WGSTI SJ [SQIR¸W MRZSPZIQIRX MR XLI REXMSR[MHI
WXVYKKPIMWVIJPIGXIHMRXLIJEGXXLEXXIRWSJXLSYWERHWSJ[SQIRLEZI
FIIRI\IGYXIHSRTSPMXMGEPGLEVKIWF]XLIVIKMQIWMRGI.YRI
RSX[MXLWXERHMRKXLIXIRWSJXLSYWERHWSJ[SQIREVVIWXIHERHXSVXYVIH
MRXLIWEQITIVMSH8LIMVTEVXMGMTEXMSRLEWWXIEHMP]MRGVIEWIHFSXL
RYQIVMGEPP] ERH UYEPMXEXMZIP] YRPMOI TVIZMSYW IVEW [LIR LEVWL
GSRHMXMSRW ERH FVYXEP GPEQTHS[RW WYGGIIHIH MR TYWLMRK[SQIRXS
XLIJVMRKIW%WXLI6IWMWXERGIEKEMRWXXLIGPIVMGWLEWEHZERGIH[SQIR
LEZI GSRXMRYIH XS XEOI SR QSVI SJ XLI QSZIQIRX¸W WIVMSYW
VIWTSRWMFMPMXMIW EXXEMRMRK PIEHIVWLMT VSPIW 8IRW SJ XLSYWERHWJVSQ
EPP[EPOWSJPMJILEZINSMRIHXLI6IWMWXERGIMRZIWXMRKXLIMVPMZIWMRXLI
TVSWTIGXWMXSJJIVWJSVERI[JVIIPMJIJSV-VERMER[SQIR
&IWMHIWXLIMVGVYGMEPVSPIMRXLISVKERM^IH6IWMWXERGI[SQIRLEZI
FIGSQIMRHMWTIRWEFPIXSQSWXI\TVIWWMSRWSJERXMKSZIVRQIRXTVSXIWX
3R%TVMPWSQIXSSOXSXLIWXVIIXWSJ-WPEQWLELVERH
JSYVSXLIVWSYXL8ILVERXS[RWLMTW;SQIRLEZIEPWSFIIRTVSQMRIRX
MRSXLIVTVSXIWXWMRGMXMIWJEGXSVMIWIHYGEXMSREPMRWXMXYXMSRWIXG%[EVI
SJXLIWIZIVITYRMWLQIRXWSVHMREV][SQIRRIZIVXLIPIWWXV]XSHIJ]
XLIQYPPELW¸ERXM[SQIRPE[WERHVIKYPEXMSRWMRGPYHMRKXLIQERHEXSV]
HVIWWGSHI


 8LI 6IWMWXERGI FIPMIZIW XLEX MX MW RSX IRSYKL XS TVSZMHI PIKEP
WEJIKYEVHW JSV IUYEPMX] )UYEPMX] QYWX FI VIEPM^IH MR EPP EWTIGXW SJ
TSPMXMGEPWSGMEPERHJEQMP]PMJIMREVIEPMWXMGRSRJSVQEPMWXMGQERRIV
8LIVMKLXWSJ[SQIRWLSYPHFISFWIVZIHRSXSYXSJGSQTEWWMSRSVMRE
TYVIP]XLISVIXMGEPWIRWIFYXSRXLIFEWMWSJXLIVIEPMX]SJXLIMVIUYEPMX]
[MXLQIR
8LIJMVWXWXITMWXSGVIEXIXLISTTSVXYRMX]JSV[SQIRXSGLSSWIJVIIP]
MRSXLIV[SVHWFYMPHVIPEXMSRWLMTWXLEXEVIYRMQTIHIHF]HMWXMRGXMSRW
ERH HMWGVMQMREXMSR FEWIH SR KIRHIV 8LI [SQIR MR XLI 6IWMWXERGI
QSZIQIRXFIKERXSQSZIXS[EVHWXLIMVS[RPMFIVEXMSRSRP]EJXIVWYGL
ERSTTSVXYRMX]XSGLSSWIJVIIP][EWTVIWIRXIHERHSRP]EJXIVFIPMIZMRK
MRXLIXVYXLSJXLIIUYEPMX]SJ[SQIRERHQIRERHVINIGXMRKHMWXMRGXMSRW
FEWIHSRKIRHIV
8LI 4PEXJSVQ SJ %GXMSR JSV XLI 9RMXIH 2EXMSRW *SYVXL ;SVPH
'SRJIVIRGISR;SQIRTVSQSXIWXLIKSEPSJVITVIWIRXEXMSRMR
EPPETTSMRXMZIERHIPIGXSVEPRSQMREXMRKTVSGIWWIW3RISJMXWXEVKIXWMW
XSLEZIEXPIEWXTIVGIRXSJQEREKIVMEPTSWMXMSRWERHEQMRMQYQSJ
TIVGIRXSJWIRMSVHIGMWMSRQEOMRKTSWMXMSRWLIPHF][SQIRF]XLI
]IEV
%WXLIQSZIQIRXGSRXMRYIHXSKVS[MRWM^IERHUYEPMX]XLI-VERMER
6IWMWXERGIWYVTEWWIHXLIWISFNIGXMZIWMR-RHMEQIXVMGSTTSWMXMSR
XS XLI/LSQIMRMVIKMQI[SQIRMRXLI6IWMWXERGIEWWYQIHXLIQSWX
WIRWMXMZI TSPMXMGEP ERH QMPMXEV] VIWTSRWMFMPMXMIW *SYV ]IEVW EJXIV XLI
FIKMRRMRKSJEPPSYX6IWMWXERGI[SQIRXSSOXLIPIEH[LIRXLI1SNELIHMR
IPIGXIH1EV]EQ6ENEZMXLIQSWXGETEFPIQIQFIVSJXLISVKERM^EXMSR
EWNSMRXPIEHIVSJXLIQSZIQIRX-RWLI[EWIPIGXIHEWXLI7IGVIXEV]
+IRIVEPSJXLI1SNELIHMR-RXLI1SNELIHMRIPIGXIH[SQIRXS
XLIQIQFIV0IEHIVWLMT'SYRGMPXLISVKERM^EXMSR¸WLMKLIWXHIGMWMSR
QEOMRKFSH]
3R XLI TSPMXMGEP JVSRX [SQIR GSQTVMWI LEPJ XLI QIQFIVW SJ XLI
2EXMSREP'SYRGMPSJ6IWMWXERGISJ-VER2'6 XLIQIQFIVTSPMXMGEP
GSEPMXMSR SJ HIQSGVEXMG JSVGIW [LMGL EGXW EW XLI TEVPMEQIRX MR I\MPI
ERH[MPPFIXLITVSZMWMSREPKSZIVRQIRXEJXIVXLIQYPPELW¸SYWXIV7IZIVEP
SJ XLI QSWXMQTSVXERX GSQQMXXIIW SJXLMWTEVPMEQIRXEVI GLEMVIH F]
[SQIR8LIWIGSQQMXXIIW[MPPWIVZIEWXLIFEWIWJSVXLIQMRMWXVMIWSJ
XLITVSZMWMSREPKSZIVRQIRXERHEVIGYVVIRXP]HVEJXMRKTVSKVEQWJSV
-VER¸WVIGSRWXVYGXMSRERHEHQMRMWXVEXMSREJXIVXLISYWXIVSJXLIQYPPELW¸
HMGXEXSVWLMT-R%YKYWX1VW1ELZEWL7ITILVM[EWGLSWIREW
XLIWIRMSVWIGVIXEV]SJXLI2'6


 3R %TVMP   XLI 2'6 VEXMJMIH E TSMRX TPER IRXMXPIH XLI
(IGPEVEXMSRSJXLI2EXMSREP'SYRGMPSJ6IWMWXERGISJ-VERSRXLI*VIIHSQW
ERH 6MKLXW SJ -VERMER ;SQIR WTIGMJ]MRK XLI JYXYVI TVSZMWMSREP
KSZIVRQIRX¸WTPERSJEGXMSR%GGSVHMRKXSXLMWTPER[SQIR¸WIUYEPMX]
[MPPFIVIGSKRM^IHMREPPWSGMEPIGSRSQMGTSPMXMGEPTIVWSREPERHJEQMPMEP
WTLIVIW -X[MPPEPWSFIVIGSKRM^IHMRVIKEVHXSWYGLPIKEPQEXXIVWEW
XIWXMQSR]KYEVHMERWLMTGYWXSH]ERHMRLIVMXERGI8LITPERWTIGMJMIW
WYTTSVXJSV-VERMER[SQIR¸WSVKERM^EXMSRWERHGSRWMHIVEXMSRSJWTIGMEP
JEGMPMXMIWJSVXLIMVEGXMZMXMIW8LIEVXMGPIWSJXLIHIGPEVEXMSREVIEWJSPPS[W
8LIVMKLXXSIPIGXERHFIIPIGXIHMREPPIPIGXMSRWERHXLIVMKLXXS
WYJJVEKIMREPPVIJIVIRHYQW
8LIVMKLXXS IQTPS]QIRXERHJVIIWIPIGXMSRSJTVSJIWWMSRERH
XLIVMKLXXSLSPHER]TYFPMGSVKSZIVRQIRXTSWMXMSRSJJMGISVTVSJIWWMSR
MRGPYHMRKXLITVIWMHIRG]SVNYHKIWLMTMREPPNYHMGMEPMRWXMXYXMSRW
8LIVMKLXXSJVIITSPMXMGEPERHWSGMEPEGXMZMX]WSGMEPMRXIVGSYVWI
ERHXVEZIP[MXLSYXTIVQMWWMSRSJERSXLIVTIVWSR
8LIVMKLXXSGLSSWIGPSXLMRKERHGSZIVMRK
8LI VMKLX XS YWI [MXLSYX HMWGVMQMREXMSR EPP MRWXVYGXMSREP
IHYGEXMSREPEXLPIXMGERHEVXMWXMGVIWSYVGIWERHXLIVMKLXXSTEVXMGMTEXI
MREPPEXLPIXMGGSQTIXMXMSRWERHEVXMWXMGEGXMZMXMIW
 6IGSKRMXMSR SJ [SQIR¸W EWWSGMEXMSRW ERH WYTTSVX JSV XLIMV
ZSPYRXEV]JSVQEXMSRXLVSYKLSYXXLIGSYRXV]GSRWMHIVEXMSRSJWTIGMEP
TVMZMPIKIW MR ZEVMSYW WSGMEP EHQMRMWXVEXMZI GYPXYVEP ERH TEVXMGYPEVP]
IHYGEXMSREPJMIPHWMRSVHIVXSEFSPMWLMRIUYEPMX]ERHXLIHYEPSTTVIWWMSR
SJ[SQIR
)UYEPTE]JSVIUYEP[SVOTVSLMFMXMSRSJHMWGVMQMREXMSRMRLMVMRK
ERH HYVMRK IQTPS]QIRX IUYEP EGGIWW XS ZEVMSYW TVMZMPIKIW WYGL EW
ZEGEXMSRWVIXMVIQIRXFIRIJMXWERHHMWEFMPMX]GSQTIRWEXMSRIRNS]QIRX
SJGLMPHERHQEVMXEPFIRIJMXWERHYRIQTPS]QIRXMRWYVERGIXLIVMKLX
XS WEPEV] ERHWTIGMEPEGGSQQSHEXMSRW HYVMRKTVIKRERG]GLMPHFMVXL
ERHGEVISJMRJERXW
%FWSPYXIJVIIHSQMRGLSMGISJWTSYWIERHQEVVMEKI[LMGLGER
XEOITPEGISRP][MXLXLIGSRWIRXSJFSXLTEVXMIWERHQYWXFIVIKMWXIVIH
[MXLEPIKEPEYXLSVMX]QEVVMEKITVMSVXSXLIEXXEMRQIRXSJPIKEPEKIMW
TVSLMFMXIHMRJEQMP]PMJIER]JSVQSJGSQTYPWMSRSVGSIVGMSRSJXLI
[MJIMWTVSLMFMXIH
)UYEPVMKLXXSHMZSVGIHMZSVGIQYWXFITVSGIWWIHF]EUYEPMJMIH
NYHMGMEP GSYVX [SQIR ERH QIR EVI IUYEP MR TVIWIRXMRK KVSYRHW JSV
HMZSVGIGLMPHGYWXSH]ERHWYTTSVXEW[IPPEWJMRERGMEPWIXXPIQIRXW[MPP
FIHIXIVQMRIHF]XLIZIVHMGXJSVHMZSVGI


 7YTTSVXJSV[MHS[IHERHHMZSVGIH[SQIRERHJSVGLMPHVIRMR
XLIMVGYWXSH]GEVI[MPPFITVSZMHIHXLVSYKLXLI2EXMSREP7SGMEP;IPJEVI
7]WXIQ
  )PMQMREXMSR SJ PIKEP MRIUYEPMXMIW [MXL VIKEVH XS XIWXMQSR]
KYEVHMERWLMTGYWXSH]ERHMRLIVMXERGI
 4SP]KEQ] MW TVSLMFMXIH YRHIV WTIGMEPGMVGYQWXERGIW XLI PE[
[SYPHWTIGMJ]XLIETTVSTVMEXIEVVERKIQIRXW
4VSLMFMXMSRSJEPPJSVQWSJWI\YEPI\TPSMXEXMSRSJ[SQIRSRER]
TVIXI\XERHEFVSKEXMSRSJEPPGYWXSQWPE[WERHTVSZMWMSRWEYXLSVM^MRK
XLIJEXLIVQSXLIVTEVIRXKYEVHMERSVERSXLIVXSFIWXS[EKMVPSVE
[SQERSRXLITVIXI\XSJQEVVMEKISVSXLIVJSVWI\YEPKVEXMJMGEXMSRSV
I\TPSMXEXMSR
8LI2'6TVSKVEQRSXSRP]TVSZMHIWQE\MQYQWEJIKYEVHWJSV[SQIR
FYXEPWSIVEHMGEXIWXLIWSGMEPFEWMWJSVXLMWKIRHIVHMWXMRGXMSR

8LVSYKLSYX XLI [SVPH XLI QMPMXEV] MW XVEHMXMSREPP] VIKEVHIH EW E

QER¸W HSQEMR ;SQIR MR XLI QMPMXEV] QYWX SZIVGSQI I\XVIQI
HMJJMGYPXMIWZEVMSYWFEVVMIVWERHQER]SFWXEGPIWMRGPYHMRKGYPXYVEP XS
TVSZI XLIMV EFMPMXMIW 8LI HIFEXI SR XLMW MWWYI MW SRKSMRK EPQSWX
IZIV][LIVIMRXLI[SVPHIWTIGMEPP]XLI1YWPMQ[SVPH
-VERMER[SQIRLEZIQEHIVIQEVOEFPIEGLMIZIQIRXWMRXLMWEVIRE
8LI2EXMSREP0MFIVEXMSR%VQ]XLIQMPMXEV]EVQSJXLI-VERMER6IWMWXERGI
[EW JSYRHIH MR .YRI  EPSRK XLI -VER-VEU JVSRXMIV -X MW ER EPP
ZSPYRXIIVQSHIVRQIGLERM^IHXEROIUYMTTIHEVQ]%XJMVWX[SQIR¸W
TVMQEV]VSPI[EWFILMRHXLIPMRIWERHMRPSKMWXMGWQIHMGEPYRMXWERH
QEMRXIRERGI&][MRXIVSJ[SQIRLEHFIIRHITPS]IHMREVXMPPIV]
YRMXW ERH GEQI YRHIV XLI HMVIGX JMVI SJ XLI IRIQ]¸W EVXMPPIV] 2I\X
GEQI EPPJIQEPI YRMXW [MXL QEPI GSQQERHIVW &]  [SQIR LEH
IRXIVIHJVSRXPMRIGSQFEX8LI]GSRXMRYIHXSXVEMRMREPPJIQEPIYRMXW
EGUYMVMRKKVIEXIVQMPMXEV]GETEFMPMXMIW
7SSRXLIVI[IVIEPPJIQEPIFVMKEHIW[MXLJIQEPIGSQQERHIVW-R
.YRI[LIRXLI20%PEYRGLIHEQENSVSJJIRWMZIXSPMFIVEXIXLI
GMX] SJ 1ILVER ER EPPJIQEPI FVMKEHIGETXYVIHXLI GMX] MXWIPJ -R XLI
JSPPS[MRKSJJIRWMZIµ)XIVREP0MKLX¶XLI20%TYWLIHOQMRXSXLI
VIKMQI¸W XIVVMXSV] ERH IRKEKIH MR JSYV HE]W SJ LIEZ] JMKLXMRK [MXL
IRIQ]JSVGIW;SQIRGSQQERHIHERYQFIVSJXLIHMZMWMSRW
MRXLIFEXXPIJMIPH&]XLIIRHSJWIZIR[SQIRLEHFIIRETTSMRXIH
XSXLIQIQFIV20%+IRIVEP'SQQERHEWSPMHTIVGIRXTVIWIRGI
EXXLILMKLIWXPIZIPSJXLIEVQ]
;SQIR¸W EWGIRWMSR MR XLI 6IWMWXERGI¸W QMPMXEV] LEW GSRXMRYIH


YRLMRHIVIH IZIV WMRGI 4VIWIRXP] [SQIR GSQTVMWI SRIXLMVH SJ XLI
VEROERHJMPISJXLI2EXMSREP0MFIVEXMSR%VQ]SJ-VERERHXLIQENSVMX]
SJMXWGSQQERHIVW8LIEVQ]¸W(ITYX]'SQQERHIVMR'LMIJ'LMIJSJ
7XEJJERHQER]SXLIVQIQFIVWSJXLI+IRIVEP'SQQERHEVI[SQIR
;SQIR TIVJSVQ MR ZEVMSYW GETEGMXMIW IZIR XLI QSWX TL]WMGEPP]
GLEPPIRKMRKXEWOWPMOIGSQFEXIRKMRIIVMRKERHGSQQERHMRKXEROYRMXW
8LI20%LEWEPWSXVEMRIH[SQIRLIPMGSTXIVTMPSXW1SWXSFWIVZIVW[LS
LEZI LEH JMVWXLERH I\TIVMIRGI [MXL XLI 20% MRGPYHMRK  WGSVIW SJ
VITSVXIVWJVSQMRXIVREXMSREPRI[WSVKERM^EXMSRW[IVIZIV]MQTVIWWIH
F]XLIVSPISJ[SQIRERHEGORS[PIHKIMXMWYRTVIGIHIRXIH
2&'2I[W1E]µ8LI]EVIXLISRP]EVQ]MRXLIVIKMSR
TIVLETW MRXLI [SVPH XS JMIPH[SQIR MR JVSRX PMRI GSQFEX -RVIGIRX
FEXXPIWXLIWI [SQIR JSYKLXLERH XS LERH EPSRK WMHIXLI QIR 8LI]
WLS[IHRSLIWMXEXMSRMRJMKLXMRKGPSWIYT¶
 .YRI   µ8S ER]SRI  YWIH XS XLI WPSZIRP]
[E]W SJ 1MHHPI )EWXIVR EVQMIW XLI 2EXMSREP 0MFIVEXMSR %VQ] SJ XLI
4ISTPI¸W1SNELIHMR3VKERM^EXMSRSJ-VERGSQIWEWWSQIXLMRKSJEWLSGO¶
6IYXIVW.YRIµ3RI[SQERGSQQERHWXLI[SVOWLSTW[LIVI
XLIEVQ]VITEMVWMXWEVQSVERSXLIVMWMRGLEVKISJGSQFEXIRKMRIIVMRK
SRISJXLIQSWXWXVIRYSYWNSFWMRXLIQMPMXEV]¶

-XKSIW[MXLSYXWE]MRKXLEX-VERMER[SQIR¸WI\XIRWMZITEVXMGMTEXMSR
MRXLI6IWMWXERGIMWXLIQSWXIWWIRXMEPKYEVERXIIJSVXLIVIEPM^EXMSRSJ
XLIMV WXVMHIW XS[EVH XLI IQERGMTEXMSR SJ [SQIR 8LI GPMQE\ SJ XLMW
XVIRHMRXLIERXMJYRHEQIRXEPMWX6IWMWXERGIGEQISR%YKYWX
[LIR XLI 2EXMSREP 'SYRGMP SJ 6IWMWXERGI IPIGXIH E [SQER 1EV]EQ
6ENEZMEWXLI4VIWMHIRXJSVXLIJYXYVI-VER8LIIPIGXMSRSJ1VW6ENEZM
EWXLIW]QFSPSJREXMSREPYRMX]MRWTMVIHRI[LSTIEQSRK-VERMERWMR
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The National Council of Resistance of Iran

Foreign Affairs Committee