Ruler

A ruler, sometimes called a rule or line gauge, is an instrument used in geometry, technical
drawing, printing as well as engineering and building to measure distances or to rule straight lines. The
ruler is a straightedge which may also contain calibrated lines to measure distances.
Meter stick
A measuring stick one meter long that is marked off in centimeters and usually millimeters.
Calliper
A caliper is a device used to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object. A caliper
can be as simple as a compass with inward or outward-facing points. The tips of the caliper are adjusted
to fit across the points to be measured, the caliper is then removed and the distance read by measuring
between the tips with a measuring tool, such as a ruler.
Try square
A try square is a woodworking or a metal working tool used for marking and measuring a piece of wood.
The square refers to the tool's primary use of measuring the accuracy of a right angle (90 degrees);
to try a surface is to check its straightness or correspondence to an adjoining surface. A piece of wood
that is rectangular, flat, and has all edges (faces, sides, and ends) 90 degrees is called four square. A
board is often milled four square in preparation for using it in building furniture.
Level
A spirit level, bubble level or simply a level is an instrument designed to indicate whether a surface
is horizontal (level) orvertical (plumb). Different types of spirit levels may be used
by carpenters, stonemasons, bricklayers, other building trades workers, surveyors, millwrights and other
metalworkers, and in some photographic or videographic work.
Early spirit levels had banana-shaped curved glass vials at each viewing point. These vials are
incompletely filled with a liquid, usually a colored spirit or alcohol, leaving a bubble in the tube. They have
a slight upward curve, so that the bubble naturally rests in the centre, the highest point. At slight
inclinations the bubble travels away from the marked center position. Where a spirit level must also be
usable upside-down or on its side, the banana-shaped tube is replaced by a barrel-shaped tube.
Zigzag rule
A rule composed of light strips of wood joined by rivets so as to befoldable, all the opening and closing pa
rts being in parallel planes.
Block plane
A block plane is a small woodworking hand plane which typically has the iron bedded at a lower angle
than other planes, with the bevel up. It is designed to cut end grain and is typically small enough to be
used with one hand.
According to Patrick's Stanley Blood and Gore, Stanley marketing materials describe the origin of the
name of this tool as follows: "A Block Plane was first made to meet the demand for a Plane which could
be easily held in one hand while planing across the grain, particularly the ends of boards, etc. This latter
work many Carpenters call 'Blocking in', hence the name 'Block' Plane." Tradition also claims that the
block plane gets its name from its traditional use to level and remove cleavermarks from butchers'
blocks that were built with the end grain facing up.
Jack Plane
A jack plane is the general-purpose bench plane, used for general smoothing of the edges, sizing of
[clarification needed]
timber but only making it smaller to correct size wood edge jointing.
Jack planes are
about 12-15 inches long, and the blade can have either a slightly curved edge for smoothing stock, or a
straight edge for jointing stock.
In preparing stock, the jack plane is used after the scrub plane and before the jointer
plane and smoothing plane. The name is related to the saying "jack of all trades" as jack planes can be
made to perform some of the work of both smoothing and jointer planes, especially on smaller pieces of
work.

Smoothing Plane
A smoothing plane or smooth plane is a type of bench plane used in woodworking. The smoothing
plane is typically the last plane used on a wood surface - when used properly, the finish it gives will be far
superior to that made by sandpaper or scrapers. The smooth finish is the result of planing the wood off in
strips, rather than by successive buffing and scratching.
Bolo
A bolo is a large cutting tool of Filipino origin similar to the machete, used particularly in the jungles
of Indonesia, thePhilippines, and in the sugar fields of Cuba. The primary use for the bolo is clearing
vegetation, whether for agriculture or during trail blazing.
Gouge
Gouge, a form of chisel
Spokeshave
A spokeshave is a tool used to shape and smooth wooden rods and shafts - often for use
[1]
as wheel spokes, chair legs (particularly complex shapes such as the cabriole leg), self bows,
and arrows. It can also be used to carve canoe paddles.
Chisel
A chisel is a tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge (such that wood chisels have lent part of
their name to a particular grind) of blade on its end, for carving or cutting a hard material such
[1]
as wood, stone, or metal by hand, struck with a mallet, or mechanical power. The handle and blade of
some types of chisel are made of metal or wood with a sharp edge in it.
In use, the chisel is forced into the material to cut it. The driving force may be manually applied or applied
using a mallet orhammer. In industrial use, a hydraulic ram or falling weight ('trip hammer') drives the
chisel into the material to be cut.
Crosscut saw
A crosscut saw (thwart saw) is a general term for any saw blade for cutting wood perpendicular (against)
the wood grain. Crosscut saws may be small or large, with small teeth close together for fine work
like woodworking or large for coarse work like log bucking, and can be a hand tool or power tool.
The cutting edge of each tooth is angled in an alternating pattern. This design allows each tooth to act like
a knife edge and slice through the wood in contrast to a rip saw, which tears along the grain, acting like a
miniature chisel. Some crosscut saws use special teeth called "rakers" designed to clean out the cut
strips of wood from the kerf. Crosscut saws generally have smaller teeth than rip saws.
Coping saw
A coping saw consists of a thin, hardened steel blade, stretched between the ends of a square, c-shaped,
springy-iron frame to which a handle is attached. The blade is easily removed from the frame so that the
blade can be passed through a drilled hole in the middle of a piece of wood. The frame is then reattached to the blade and the cut starts from the middle of the piece. Long cuts perpendicular to the edge
of the material are possible but the shallow depth of the frame rather limits how far from the edge one
may cut. The much deeper frame of the fretsaw is more useful for cutting well away from the edge but
conversely cannot manage the thicker materials commonly cut by the coping saws.
Compass saw
a small handsaw with a narrow, tapering blade for cutting curves ofsmall radii; whipsaw.
Back saw
A backsaw is any hand saw which has a stiffening rib on the edge opposite the cutting edge, allowing for
better control and more precise cutting than with other types of saws. Backsaws are normally used
in woodworking for precise work, such as cutting dovetails, mitres, or tenons in cabinetry and joinery.
Because of the stiffening rib, the backsaws are limited in the depth to which they can cut. Backsaws
usually have relatively closely spaced teeth, often with little or no set.
Keyhole saw

A keyhole saw (also called a pad saw, alligator saw, jab saw or drywall saw) is a long, narrow saw
used for cutting small, often awkward features in various building materials. There are typically two
varieties of keyhole saw: the fixed blade type and retractable blade type.
The retractable blade variety is usually found to have either a cast iron handle or, less commonly, a
wooden handle. The facility to retract the blade to an optimum length serves to prevent unwanted flex to
the blade should the full length of the blade be obstructed in some way. In both types the blade is typically
secured by one or two holding/thumb screws.
Claw hammer
A claw hammer is a tool primarily used for pounding nails into, or extracting nails from, some other
object. Generally, a claw hammer is associated with woodworking but is not limited to use with wood
products. It is not suitable for heavy hammering on metal surfaces (such as in machining work), as the
steel of its head is somewhat brittle; the ball-peen hammer is more suitable for such metalwork.
Ball-peen hammer
[1]
A ball-peen (also spelled ball-pein ) hammer, also known as a machinist's hammer, is a type
of peening hammer used in metalworking. It is distinguished from a cross-peen hammer, diagonal-peen
hammer, point-peen hammer, or chisel-peen hammer by having a hemispherical head.
Mallet
A mallet is a kind of hammer, often made of rubber or sometimes wood, that is smaller than a maul or
beetle and usually with a relatively large head.
Screwdriver
A screwdriver is a tool, manual or powered, for turning (driving or removing) screws. A typical simple
screwdriver has a handle and a shaft, and a tip that the user inserts into the screw head to turn it. The
shaft is usually made of tough steel to resist bending or twisting. The tip may be hardened to resist wear,
treated with a dark tip coating for improved visual contrast between tip and screwor ridged or treated for
[1]
additional 'grip'. Handle are typically wood, metal, or plastic and usually hexagonal, square, or oval in
cross-section to improve grip and prevent the tool from rolling when set down. Some manual screwdrivers
have interchangeable tips that fit into a socket on the end of the shaft and are held in mechanically or
magnetically. These often have a hollow handle that contains various types and sizes of tips, and a
reversible ratchet action that allows multiple full turns without repositioning the tip or the user's hand.
C-clamp
A C-clamp, or G-clamp, is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal workpiece, and
often used in, but are not limited to, carpentry and welding. These clamps are called "C" clamps because
[1]
of their C shaped frame, but are otherwise often called G-clamps or G-cramps because including the
screw part they are shaped like an uppercase letter G.
Pliers
Pliers are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly, possibly developed from tongs used to handle hot
[1]
metal in Bronze AgeEurope. They are also useful for bending and compressing a wide range of
materials. Generally, pliers consist of a pair ofmetal first-class levers joined at a fulcrum positioned closer
to one end of the levers, creating short jaws on one side of the fulcrum, and longer handles on the other
[1]
side. This arrangement creates a mechanical advantage, allowing the force of thehand's grip to be
amplified and focused on an object with precision. The jaws can also be used to manipulate objects too
small or unwieldy to be manipulated with thefingers.
Vise
A vise (American English) or vice (British English) is a mechanical apparatus used to secure an object to
allow work to be performed on it. Vises have two parallel jaws, one fixed and the other movable, threaded
in and out by a screw and lever.
Hand drill
A Hand drill is a hieroglyph, (and tool), used in Ancient Egypt from the earliest dynasties. As a
hieroglyph, it can also be used as a determinative for words related to the profession of vase, bowl, pot-

making, etc., typically from fine-grained, colorful rare stone, for example unguent jars. The size of drills
was small-to-large, small for small unguent jars, and large for more massive, grain-storing pottery. The
original jars found in tombs were more often used for ceremonial usages, presumably the reason they are
found as grave goodsor tomb offerings.
Auger drill
An auger is a drilling device, or drill bit, that usually includes a rotating helical screw blade called a
"flighting" to act as a screw conveyor to remove the drilled out material. The rotation of the blade causes
the material to move out of the hole being drilled.
An auger used for digging post holes is called an 'earth auger', 'handheld power earth drill', 'soil auger', or
'mechanized post hole digger'. This kind of auger can be a manually turned, handheld device, or powered
by an electric motor or internal-combustion engine, possibly attached to a tractor (being provided with
power by the tractor engine's power take-off as shown). Handheld augers can also be used for making
holes for garden planting.
Pocket knife
A pocket knife is a foldable knife with one or more blades that fit inside the handle that can still fit in
[1][2]
a pocket. It is also known as a jackknife or jack-knife.
A typical blade length is 5 to 15 centimetres (2 to
[3]
6 in). Pocket knives are versatile tools, and may be used for anything from opening an envelope,
cutting twine, performing an emergency tracheotomy, slicing a piece of fruit or as a means of selfdefense.
Hammer
A hammer is a tool that delivers an impact to an object. The most common uses for hammers are to
drive nails, fit parts, forge metal, and break apart objects. Hammers often serve a specific purpose, and
vary in shape and structure. The term "hammer" also applies to some devices that deliver blows, e.g.,
the caplock mechanism of firearms.
The hammer is a basic tool of many professions. The usual features are a handle and a head, with most
of the weight in the head. The basic design is hand-operated, but there are also many mechanically
operated models, such assteam hammers, for heavier uses.
Tweezers
Tweezers are tools used for picking up objects too small to be easily handled with the human hands.
They are probably derived from tongs, pincers, or scissors-like pliers used to grab or hold hot objects
since the dawn of recorded history. In a scientific or medical context they are normally referred to
as forceps.
Tweezers make use of two third-class levers connected at one fixed end (the fulcrum point of each lever),
with the pincers at the others.
Emery wheel
a grinding or polishing wheel consisting of, or the surface of which is coated with, abrasive emery
particles
Sandpaper
[1]
Sandpaper or glasspaper are generic names used for a type of coated abrasive that consists of a
heavy paper withabrasive material attached to its surface. Despite the use of the names neither sand nor
glass are now used in the manufacture of these products as they have been replaced by other abrasives.
Sandpaper is produced in different grit sizes and is used to remove small amounts of material
from surfaces, either to make them smoother (for example, inpainting and wood finishing), to remove a
layer of material (such as old paint), or sometimes to make the surface rougher (for example, as a
preparation for gluing
Needle nose pliers
Needle-nose pliers (also known as pointy-nose pliers, long-nose pliers, pinch-nose pliers or snipenose pliers) are both cutting and holding pliers used by artisans, jewelry designers, electricians, network
engineers and other tradesmen to bend, re-position and cut wire. Their namesake long nose gives

excellent control while the cutting edge near the pliers' joint provides "one-tool" convenience. Because of
their long shape they are useful for reaching into small areas where cables or other materials have
become stuck or unreachable with fingers or other means.