1

A student carries out an experiment to investigate how the temperature of the water increase
with the time of heating. Diagram 1.1 shows the set up the apparatus for the investigation.
Before the heater is switched on, the initial temperature, o, of the water is measured.
Diagram 1.2 shows meniscus of the mercury column in the thermometer.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan suhu meningkat
dengan masa pemanasan. Rajag 1.1 menunjukkan susunan alat radas untulk eksperimen
tersebut. Sebelum pemanas dihidupkan, suhu awal bagi air, o,diukur. Rajah 1.2
menunjukkan meniskus lajur mekuri dalam thermometer.

A stopwatch and the heater are switched on simultaneously. At the time, t = 20s, the
temperature, , of the water is read on the temperature. Diagram 1.3 shows the meniscus of
the mercury column in the thermometer. The procedure is repeated for heating time, t = 40s,
60s, 80s, and 100 s. The positions of the meniscus of the mercury column in the thermometer
are shown in Diagram 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.7.
Jam randik dan pemanas dihidupkan seretak. Pada masa t = 20 s, suhu air , , diperhatikan.
1

Diagram 1.3 menunjukkan meniskus lajur mekuri dalam termometer. Langakah ini
diteruskan bagi t = 40s, 60s, and 100s. Kedudukan meniskus lajur mekuri dalam
thermometer ditunjukkan dalam rajah 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 dan 1.7.
(a)

(i) The manipulated variable / Pembolehubah manipulasi

_________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) The responding variable / Pembolehubah bergerak balas
_________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) The constant variable / Pembolehubah tetap

_________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 1.2, determine the initial temperature, 0, of the water
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, tentukan suhuawalbagiair, o
Initial temperature,
Suhu awal

0 = _______________

[1 mark]

(c) Based on Diagram 1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6 and 1.7,

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6 dan 1.7
(i) Record the thermometer readings, , in the spaces provided on the diagrams.
Catatkan bacaan termometer , , dalam ruangan yang disediakan.
[1 mark]

t = 20 s

t = 40 s

t = 60 s

= _________________
Diagram 1.3
Rajah 1.3

= _________________
Diagram 1.4
Rajah 1.4

= _________________
Diagram 1.5
Rajah 1.5

t = 80 s

t = 100 s

= _________________
Diagram 1.6
Rajah 1.6

= _________________
Diagram 1.7
Rajah 1.7

(c) (ii) Calculate the values of for each heating time using the formula
Kirakan nilai bagi bagi setiap masa pemanasan menggunakan formula

= o.
Tabulate your results for and for all values of t in the space below.
Jadualkan keputusan untuk dan untuk semua nilai t di ruangan dibawah
[5 marks]

(d) On the graph paper , plot a graph of against t .

[5 mark]
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Pada kertas graf, plotkan graf melawan t

(d) Based on your graph in 1(c), state the relationship and t .
Merujuk kepada kertas graf dalam 1(c) , nyatakan hubungan dan t
[1 mark]

Graph of against t ./ Graf melawan t

2 Two students carried out an experiment to measure the speed of sound by using the principle
of echo. They both stand next to each other at a distance, d apart from a high wall. Student A
claps and student B measures the time, t between the clap and the echo by using digital watch.
The results of this experiment is shown in the graph t against d in Diagram 2.
Dua pelajar menjalankan hubungan untuk mengukur laju gelombang bunyi menggunkan
prinsip gema. Kedua-dua pelajar berdiri dengan jarak , d daripada tembok tinggi. Pelajar A
menepuk tangan dan pelajar B mengambil masa, antara bunyi tepukan bermula dan gema
kedemgaran , t. Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam graf t melawan d dalam Rajah 2

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 2,
Merujuk kepada graf pada Rajah 2
(i) what is the relationship between t and d?
Nyatakan hubungan antara t dan d
[1 mark]
(ii) determine the time taken, t when d= 60 m. Show on the graph, how you determine
the value of t.
Tentukan masa , t apabila d = 60m. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana menentukan
nilai t.
t = ______________________
[2 marks]
(b) (i) Calculate the gradient of the graph.
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Hitungkan kecerunan graf.

[3 marks]
(ii) The speed of sound, V is given by the formula:
Formula halaju gelombang bunyi , V diberikan
V=

2d
t

Using the gradient of the graph and the formula , calculate the value of V.
Dengan menggunakan kecerunan graf diatas dan formula di atas, hitung nilai V

[4 marks]
(c) State one precautions that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the reading in this
experiment.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang diambil untuk meningkatkan kejituan bacaan
dalam eksperimen ini.
[1 mark]
3 Diagram 3.1 shows the ammeter show the reading of electric current when it is connected
to a dry cell of 1.5 V. Diagram 3.2 shows the reading of ammeter increase when using two
batteries which is 3.0 V.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan ammeter menunjukkan bacaan arus elektrik apabila dihubungkan
dengan sebiji bateri 1.5 V. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan bacaan ammeter meningkat apabila
menggunakan 2 biji bateri dengan voltan 3.0 V

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2

Based on the observation on Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 ,

Merujuk kepada pemerhatian dalam Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2
(a) State one suitable inference.
Nyatakan inferen yang sesuai
(b) State one hypothesis that could be investigated.

[1 mark]
[1 mark]

Nyatakan hipotesis yang sesuai

(c) With the use of apparatus such as ammeter, batteries, constantan wire s.w.g. 24, rheostat
and other apparatus, describe an experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dengan menggunakan alat radas seperti ammeter, bateri, wayar konstantan swg 24.
rheostat dan lain-lain, jelaskan eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan dalam hipotesis
diatas. Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

The aim of the experiment./ Tujuan eksperimen

The variables in the experiment./ Pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini
The list of apparatus and materials./ Senarai alat radas
The arrangement of the apparatus./ Susunan alat radas
The procedure of the experiment which should include the method of controlling the
manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasi dan
kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way you tabulate the data. / Cara menjadualkan data
(vii) The way you analysis the data. / Cara menganalisis data
[10 marks]

3. A spring extends to 45 cm when a 3 kg baby sleeps in the cradle as shown in figure 2.1. The
extension of the spring changes when another baby of mass 6 kg sleeps in the same cradle.
Sebuah spring memanjang 45 cm apabila bayi berjisim 3kg tidur dalam buaian ditunjukkan
rajah 2.1. Pemanjangan spring berubah apabila bayi yang lain berjisim 6kg tidur dalam buaian
yang sama

Using this information;

(a) State one suitable hypothesis / Nyatakan hipotesis
(b) With the use apparatus such as a spring, slotted masses, optical pin, and other describe an

experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 4(b)

Dengan menggunakan spring, beban , pin optikal dan lain-lain, terangkan bagaimana
menentukan hubungan dalam hipotesis
Aim of the experiment / Tujuan eksperimen
Variables in the experiment / Pembolehubah eksperimen
List of apparatus and materials / Senarai alat radas
Arrangement of the apparatus / Senarai alat radas
v) The procedure of the experiment which include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable.
Kaedah eksperimen termasuklah cara mengawal pembolehubah bergerakbalas dan
satu kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah.
vi) The way you tabulate the data / Cara anda menjadualkan data
vii) The way you analyse the data / Cara analisis data
[12M]
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)