Hydraulic Jump Experiment

FLUID MECHANICS LABS 2013/2014
HYDRAULIC JUMP EXPERIMENT

INTRODUCTION
A hydraulic jump is a stationary surge and occurs in the transition from a
supercritical to a subcritical flow.
A smooth transition is not possible; if this were to occur the energy would vary
according to the route ABC on the Es curve. At B the energy would be less than
at C, corresponding with the depth ys. Therefore the rapid change occurs
corresponding with the route AC on the Es curve.
The resulting transition flow is rapid and results to high energy losses due to
turbulence.
The depth at which the jump starts is called the initial depth, yi, and the
downstream depth the sequent depth, ys.
OBJECTIVE
To confirm the expression connecting the depths before and after the
hydraulic jump
d2= -
APPARATUS
Vernier, metre rule, stop watch, hydraulic jump channel and controls
PROCEDURE
Three adjustable gates were used.
1
F16/1334/2010:NJOROGE KAGWI MAURICE

The upstream radial gate, the adjustable overflow tank gate and the inlet valve
were used to vary the discharge and upstream depth of flow.
The downstream radial gate was used to vary the depth downstream and
hence the position of the jump.
9 sets of readings were taken, representing three positions of the upstream
gate each with three heads upstream of the gate.
The downstream depth for each set was then calculated and compared with
the measured depth by plotting measured depth against calculated depth.
RESULTS
Datum : 8.50cm
dia of tank=38.5cm, area=1164.16cm2, width of channel=5.118cm
Hi (Cm)
Hs (Cm)
Yi= (Hiys= (Hsh1
h2
measured measured 8.5)*10^- 8.5)*10^-2
In
in
2m
m
channel
channel
10.007
18.818
0.01507
0.10318
12.8
22.1
9.441
14.901
0.00941
0.06401
17.5
24.8
9.021
11.544
0.00521
0.03044
15
17.7
10.109
15.227
0.01609
0.06727
17.7
23.9
9.428
14.243
0.00928
0.05743
11.3
19.9
9.131
10.912
0.00631
0.02412
16.8
18.2
10.225
14.713
0.01725
0.06213
18.6
27.3
9.434
13.729
0.00934
0.05229
11.7
20.4
9.137
11.027
0.00637
0.02527
13.7
16.5
time
9.14
10.96
12.12
6.32
13.94
13.55
10.65
14.29
11.89
COMPUTATIONS and ANALYSIS

The sequent depths were computed and compared to measured sequent
depths as shown below.
Theoretically,
2
height
of tank
= h2-h1
cm
9.3
7.3
2.7
6.2
8.6
1.4
8.7
8.7
2.8
yi=(Hi8.5)*10-2
m
Ys= (Hsh1 in
h2 in
Time
height v0lume
Q=volume/time q=Q/b
8.5)* 10cm
cm
seconds of tank m3
m3/s
m2/s
2
m
cm
Sequent
depths
measured
0.01507
0.10318
12.8
22.1
9.14
9.3 0.010827
0.001184539
0.023144571
Sequent
Depths
As
Calculated
0.077925939
0.00941
0.06401
17.5
24.8
10.96
7.3 0.008498
0.000775399
0.015150421
0.00521
0.03044
15
17.7
12.12
2.7 0.003143
0.000259343
0.005067264 0.029200102
0.01609
0.06727
17.7
23.9
6.32
6.2 0.007218
0.001142056
0.022314492
0.00928
0.05743
11.3
19.9
13.94
8.6 0.010012
0.000718205
0.014032921 0.061297509
0.00631
0.02412
16.8
18.2
13.55
1.4
0.00163
0.000120282
0.00235018 0.010571294
0.01725
0.06213
18.6
27.3
10.65
8.7 0.010128
0.000951004
0.018581554 0.055835087
0.00934
0.05229
11.7
20.4
14.29
8.7 0.010128
0.000708761
0.013848394 0.060198645
0.00637
0.02527
13.7
16.5
11.89
2.8
0.00027415
0.005356592 0.027285872
y2= -
0.00326
The computed sequent depths compared to depths measured were very close
as shown in the table below:
Ys
Computed(m)
0.010571
0.027286
0.0292
0.055835
0.060199
0.061298
0.065971
0.071792
0.077926
3
Ys
Measured(m)
0.02412
0.02527
0.03044
0.05229
0.05743
0.06213
0.06401
0.06727
0.10318
0.06597147
0.07179227

Measured Sequent depth against Calculated
depths
0.12
Measured depths,m
0.1
y = 1.0477x
0.08
0.06
Linear (Measured against

Calculated)
0.04
0.02
0
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Calculated depths,m
DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION

From the graph,
The slope of the graph is 450

Hence the theoretical value equation is confirmed true from this experiment.
Errors in the experiment could have resulted from erroneous time
observations, approximations of volume readings and errors when taking
channel measurements.
Engineers utilize hydraulic jumps by purposefully installing
impediments in channels in order to force jumps to occur in the following
instances:
Mixing of coagulant chemicals in water treatment plants
4

Reducing the velocity and energy of the water in the channel downstream of
a spillway
5

Hydraulic Jump Experiment

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hydraulic Jump Experiment

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

FLUID MECHANICS LABS 2013/2014