Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester

Paper ID : 295

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Overview

Introduction

Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources

Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model

Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods

Piezoelectric Power Conversion

Proposed Structure

Layout of Proposed Structure

Meshing of the EH Structure

Results

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Introduction

Realising Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is of great interest in the research

community for applications like monitoring temperature, light, pressure etc.
One of the challenges is powering the WSN nodes.Batteries are not enough.
Harvesting ambient energy from the environment.
Ambient vibrations as an important source.

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources

According to the study only the first 500 Hz of the spectra is important.
First, there is a sharp peak in magnitude at a fairly low frequency with a few higher
frequency harmonics.

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model

Figure: Generic vibration converter model proposed by Williams and Yates [1]

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

3 2
) Y
n
|P| =

(2T
) + (1 ( )2 )2
n
n
me n 2 (

(1)

|P| =

me 3 Y 2
4T2
(2)

where:
e electrical damping ratio
m mechanical damping ratio
T combined damping ratio (e + m )
n natural frequency of the mass spring system
frequency of the driving vibrations
Y input displacement

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods

There are mainly three main methods for converting the energy from vibrations to
electrical energy. They are
Electromagnetic Power Conversion
Elecrostatic Power Conversion
Piezoelectric Power Conversion

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S
Piezoelectric Power Conversion

Piezoelectric Power Conversion

The constitutive equations for a piezoelectric material are given in equations 3 and 4 .

+ dE
Y

(3)

D = E + d

(4)

where:
is mechanical strain
is mechanical stress
Y is the modulus of elasticity (Youngs Modulus)
d is the piezoelectric strain coefficient
E is the electric field
D is the electrical displacement (charge density)
 is the dielectric constant of the piezoelectric material

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S
Piezoelectric Power Conversion

Modes of Operation

(a)
Figure

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Proposed Structure
The device is designed in MEMS design softwares Conventorware and Coventor
Mems+.
Our structure has dimensions (1000 m 200 m 714 m )

Figure: Proposed EH Structure

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Layout

(a) Cross Section of EH Structure

(b) Top View of EH Structure

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Meshing of the EH Structure

Partitioned the model into two - the beam part and the rest.
Manhattan Mesher setting is used as structure is orthogonal
Mesh setting
For Beam Part
For other parts
X direction:
40m
X direction:
40m
Y direction:
4m
Y direction:
40m
Z direction:
1m
Z direction:
40m

Figure: Meshed Model of the Proposed Structure

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Analysis of the Structure

The equation for the natural frequency of a cantilever beam with one end fixed and a
proof mass at the other end is given by the equation,
r
1
Ebd 3
fn =
(5)
2 4ml 3
E is the effective Youngs Modulus of the beam, b is the width , d is the depth, m is
the effective mass and l is the length of the beam. From this equation, we can see that
the resonant frequency of the device can be reduced by
increasing mass
increasing beam length
reducing the beam width
reducing the beam depth (height)

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Modal Analysis

Analysis is done using Memmech Solver

Done by fixing the anchor end.

Figure: Modal Analysis Results

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Mode Shape

Figure: Shape of the first mode

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Voltage Output at 1g acceleration

Connected an 1 Megaohm resistor across the 2 electrodes
1g acceleration is applied in the vertical direction
Voltage output is 4.7 V at 278 Hz.
Power output is 11W

Figure: Voltage at 1g acceleration

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Voltage Output at 2g acceleration

Connected an 1 Megaohm resistor across the 2 electrodes
2g acceleration is applied in the vertical direction
Voltage output is 9.5 V at 278 Hz.
Power output is 45W

Figure: Voltage ouput at 2g acceleration

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

Comparison with related Works

" High Performance Piezielectric MEMS Energy Harvesteer based on d33 mode of
PZT thin film on buffer layer with PbTiO3 inter layer " by J.C.Park et.al,
Transducers IEEE 2009, produces 1.1 W from 0.4g at a frequency of 528 Hz.
" A piezoelectric vibration harvester using clamped guided beams " by Z. Wang
et.al at 2012 MEMS Conference IEEE produces 20W at 694 Hz from 1.2g.

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

THANK YOU

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

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Introduction Characteristics of Various Vibration Sources Vibration to Electricity Conversion Model Vibrations to Electricity Conversion Methods Proposed S

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Using Coventorware.
CoventorWare.

COVENTOR, 2012, pp. 1116, user Manual for

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