ABSTRACT

Information for the Aircraft Data section has been gather and submitted from a
variety of internet and print sources. Reasonable attempts have been made to ensure
accuracy and veracity of sources. Aircraft design is a separate discipline of
aeronautical engineering different from analytical disciplines such as
aerodynamics, structures, controls, and propulsion. It is not just the actual layout,
but also the analytical processes used to determine what should be designed and
how the design should be modified to better meet the requirements. Aircraft design
can be broken into three major parts conceptual design, preliminary design, and
detail design. We here mainly concentrate on developing a conceptual design of a
Military transport aircraft.

Military transport aircraft, usually of large size,

designed for transporting military goods. Military transport aircraft may be used by
public bodies, governments or the armed forces. The starting point of any aircraft is
to clearly identify its purpose. With military transport aircrafts, a proposal for a new
design usually comes as the response to internal studies that aim to project future
service needs.

iv

CH.NO.

1.

TITLE

PAGE NO

ABSTRACT

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF GRAPHS

xii

LIST OF TABLES

xiii

LIST OF ABBREVATION

xiv

INTRODUCTION

01

1.1 AIRCRAFT DESIGN

01

1.2 PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS

02

1.2.1 Wing

02

1.2.2 Fuselage

02

1.2.3 Horizontal Tail

03

1.2.4 Vertical Tail

03

1.2.5 Engine

03

1.2.6 Landing Gear

03

1.3 AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION ALTERNATIVES

04

1.3.1 Wing Configuration

05

1.3.2 Tail Configuration

06

1.3.3 Propulsion System Configuration

06

1.3.4 Landing Gear Configuration

07

1.3.5 Fuselage Configuration

08

2.

3.

1.3.6 Subsystem Configuration

08

1.4 MILITARY TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT

09

1.4.1 Introduction

09

1.4.2 Classification

09

LITERATURE SURVEY

10

2.1 TOPIC

10

2.2 MISSION SPECIFICATION

10

2.3 STRUCTURAL CONFIGURATION

10

2.4 TABULAR COLUMN

11

2.4.1 Dimensions

11

2.4.2 Performance

12

2.4.3 Weight Estimation

13

2.5 AIRCRAFT PICTURES

14

2.6 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

16

2.7 GRAPHS

17

WEIGHT ESTIMATION

19

3.1 INTRODUCTION

19

3.2 CALCULATION OF WF/WT

20

3.2.1 Introduction

20

3.2.2 Mission Profile

20

3.3 RESULT
4.

ENGINE SELECTION

21
22

4.1 MATCHING PLOT

5.

22

4.1.1 Wing loading

22

4.1.2 Maximum Speed

22

4.1.3 Takeoff Distance

23

4.1.4 Rate of Climb

24

4.1.5 Service Ceiling

25

4.3 ENGINE SPECIFICATION

26

4.4.RESULT

27

WING AIRFOIL SELECTION

28

5.1 INTRODUCTION

28

5.2 AIRFOIL TERMINOLOGY

30

5.3 CALCULATION

32

5.3.1 Ideal Lift coefficient

32

5.3.2 Maximum Lift Coefficient

32

5.3.3 NACA Airfoil Selection Graph

33

5.4 WING SELECTION

34

5.4.1 Wing Layout

34

5.4.2 Analysis

34

5.4.3 Stall Speed

35

5.4.4 Pressure Distribution

35

5.4.5 Boundary Layout

36

5.5 Wing geometry Calculation

37

6.

TAIL DESIGN
6.1 INTRODUCTION FOR CONVENTIONAL TAIL

38

6.2 TAIL GEOMETRY CALCULATION

39

6.3
7.

8.

38

6.2.1 Tail Geometry

40

6.2.2 Tail Layout

40

6.2.3 Wing Crafter Drag/Moment

41

Tail Geometry

CRITICAL PERFORMANCE

42
43

7.1 LANDING PARAMETERS

43

7.2 CENTER OF GRAVITY

45

7.3 TAKE OFF PARAMETERS

45

7.4 LEVEL TURN

47

7.5 RATE OF CLIMB

48

7.6 RESULT

50

DRAG ESTIMATION

51

8.1 CLASSIFICATION OF DRAG

51

8.1.1 Induced Drag

51

8.1.2 Parasite Drags

51

8.1.3 Skin Friction Drags

51

8.1.4 Form Drag

51

8.1.5 Interference Drags

51

8.1.6 Trim Drag

51

8.1.7 Profile Drag

51

8.1.8 Wave Drag

51

8.1.9 Zero Lift Drags

51

8.2 CALCULATION OF CDO

52

8.3 RESULT

53

9. THREE VIEW DIAGRAM

54

10. CONCLUSION

55

REFRENCES

57

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO.

FIGURE NAME

PAGE NO.

2.4.1

C 27 j Spartan

14

2.4.2

CASA C 295 M

14

2.4.3

C 1 Trader

14

2.4.4

C 7 Caribou

14

2.4.5

Antonov An 32

14

2.4.6

Ilyushin Il 112

14

2.4.7

CASA Cn 235

15

2.4.8

Polib Navy PZL m28B

15

3.1

Mission Profile

20

4.1

Turboprop Engine

27

5.1

Flow condition

34

5.2

Wing layout

34

5.3

Analysis

35

5.4

Stall Speed

36

6.1

Conventional tail

38

6.2

Tail Geometry

40

6.3

Tail Layout

40

6.4

Drag/Moment

41

7.1

Landing Distance

43

7.2

Take off Distance

46

7.3

Level Turn

48

7.4

Rate of climb

49

9.1

Three View Diagram

54

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LIST OF GRAPHS

GRAPH NO.

TITLE

PAGE NO.

2.1

Wings Span Vs. Wing Area.

17

2.2

Empty Weight Vs. Maximum Speed

17

2.3

Maximum Speed Vs. Range.

17

2.4

Payload Vs. Cruise Speed.

17

2.5

Payload Vs. Maximum Speed.

17

2.6

Maximum Takeoff Weight Vs. Cruise Speed

17

2.7

Wing Loading Vs. Wing Span

18

2.8

Wing Span Vs. Span To Length Ratio

18

2.9

Wing Span Vs. Span To Height Ratio

18

4.1

Wing Loading Vs. Weight To Power Ratio

25

5.1

NACA Aerofoil Selection Graph

33

5.2

Pressure Distribution

35

5.3

Boundary Layout

36

xii

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO.

TABLE NAME

2.1

Dimensions

11

2.2

Performance

12

2.3

Weight Estimation

13

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PAGE NO

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS

A.R

Aspect Ratio

Wing Span (m)

Chord of the Aero foils (m)

Croot

Chord at Root (m)

Ctip

Chord at Tip (m)

Mean Aerodynamic Chord (m)

CD

Coefficient of Drag

CD, O

Zero Lift Drag Coefficients

CP

Specific Fuel Consumption (lbs/hp/hr)

CL

Coefficient of Lift

Drag (lbs)

Endurance (hr)

Oswalds Efficiency

Lift (lbs)

(L/D) loiter

Lift-to-Drag ratio at Loiter

xiv

(L/D) cruise

Lift-to-Drag ratio at Cruise

Mach number

Mff

Mission fuel fraction

Range (km)

Re

Reynolds number

Wing Area (m2)

Sref

Reference surface Area (m2)

Swet

Wetted Surface Area (m2)

Sa

Approach Distance (m)

Sf

Flare Distance (m)

Sfr

Free Roll Distance (m)

Sg

Ground Roll Distance

Thrust (N)

Tcruise

Thrust at Cruise (N)

Ttake-off

Thrust at take-off (N)

(T/W) loiter

Thrust-to-weight ratio at loiter

(T/W) cruise -

Thrust-to-weight ratio at cruise

(T/W)take-off -

Thrust-to-weight ratio at take-off

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Vcruise

Velocity at cruise (m/s)

Vstall

Velocity at stall (m/s)

Vtd

Velocity at touchdown (m/s)

Wcrew

Empty weight of Aircraft (kg)

Wfuel

Weight of Fuel (kg)

Wpayload

Weight of payload (kg)

WO

Overall weight (kg)

W/S

Wing Loading (kg/m2)

Density of air (kg/m3)

Dynamic Viscosity (Ns/m2)

xvi