Professional Documents
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Paharpur and Its Monuments
Paharpur and Its Monuments
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By
University
M.A., P.R.S.,
FIRMA K. L. MUKHOPADHYAY
CALCUTTA: : INDIA
: : 1961
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Printed by V. N. Bhattacharya, M.A. at the Inland
Printing Works, 60/3 Dharamtala Street, Calcutta-13
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. EXCAVATIONS AT PAHARPUR
DISTRICT RA.JSHAHI
GENERAL
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PLAN
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CONTENTS
Page
Preface
List of plates
Short Bibliography
I. Tbpographyand history
20
V. Art
Plates
23
End of Text
SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANDERSON, J .-Catalogue and Handbook of the Archaeo
logical Collection in the Indian Museum, Part I, Calcutta,
1883.
ANONYMOus-(I) The brick temple of Paharpur (Annual
Bibliography of Indian Archaeology, 1928) ; (2) Paharpur
(Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India,
1922-23).
BANERJI, R. D.-Paharpur (Annual Report of theArchaeo
logical Survey of India, 1925-26).
CUNNINGHAM, A.-Paharpur (Archaeological Survey of
India, Reports, Vol. XV).
DIKSHIT, K. N.-(l) Paharpur (Annual Report of the Ar
chaeological Survey of! ndia, Eastern Circle forl920-21) ;
(2) Excavations at Paharpur (Annual Report of the
Archaeological Survey of India, 1926-27); (3) Excava
tions at Paharpur (Annual Report of the Archaeological
Survey of India, 1927-28); (4) Paharpur Copper-plate
Grant of the (Gupta) year 159 (Epigraphia, Indica,
Vol. XX) ; (5) Excavations at Paharpur, Bengal (Memoirs
of the Archaeological Survey of India).
DIKSHIT,K.N. and CHANDRA, G. C.-Excavations at Pahar
pur (Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of
India, 1930-34).
MARSHALL, J. H.-(I) Bengal art before the Musalman
conquest (The Illustrated LondonNews,January29, 1927) ;
(2) The storied past of India. IV. A "unique" monu
ment discovered (The Illustrated London News, April
21, 1928).
SARKAR, K. C.-A pilgrimage to the excavation site at
Paharpur (Calcutta Review,3rd Series, Vol. XXVII,
1928).
'J,
PREFACE
C. C.
DASGUPT.\
LIST OF PLATES
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
:\
I.:
'.1:
CHAPTER I
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
PAHARPUR (25.2' N.Lat., 89.3' E. Long.) is a tiny village
within the district of Rajshahi in East Bengal. It is situat
ed in the flat, alluvial plain of north Bengal which is not
drained by any big and navigable river.
It isapproximate1y situated three miles to the west of
the railway station at Jama:lganj on the main line from
Calcutta to Siliguri on the Eastern Railway. There is
an unmetalled road from the station to the mound by
which this ancient monastic establishment may be ap
proached either on foot Or on cart.
HISTORY OF EXCAVATIONS
It was Buchanan Hamilton who, for the first time,.
described the ruins at Paharpur in the period between the
years 1807-12. According to him the ruins were the
most remarkable of its kind in this part of Bengal/His
theory that it was a Buddhist stiiJla was accepted by West- .
macott/Later on Cunningham gave a short account of
this monument (PI. I). Then in 1919 it was declared
by Government of India a protected monument. It was
in 1922-23 that the University of Calcutta carried out
eJl;cavation at this site; but on account of the financial
stringency the University could not carry out further dig
ging at this site. Then in 1925-26 the excavation at this
site was carried out by the Archaeological Department and
this work proceeded till 1934 when it was virtually,stopped.
By continuous digging for years together a magnificent
GUPTA PERIOD
TOPOGR.APHY AND HISTOR.Y
SENA PERIOD
A.D.,
the Pala
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CHAPTER
II
GENERAL PLAN
BASEMENT-WALL
FIRST TERRACE
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CHAPTER
III
GENERAL PLAN
12939
10
,
TANK
15 AND 16
Between rooms 15 and 16 there is a gateway which is the
only other of its kind besides the main entrance-gate which
has already been described.
POSTERN 'BETWEEN R.
4-6
Similarly in front of rooms 4-6 there are the remains of
four stone-pillars just outside the verandah.
STONE-PILLARS IN FRONT OF R.
SHRINE IN FRONT OF R.
8-10
COURTYARD IN FRONT OF R.
11
THE MONASTERY
24-67
There are altogether 44 cells on the eastern side of the
monastery. The cells on this side particularly at the ex
tremities are more damaged than those on the other three
sides.
EAST SIDE: ROOMS
CENTRAL BLOCK
R. 27 '
12
28 AND 29
To the south of room 27 and in front of rooms 28 and
29 there is a similar square structural remain in a highly
damaged condition.
SQ.UARE STRUCTURE IN FRONT OF R.
45"48
Further south and in the courtyard in front of rooms
45"48 are the remains of a structure whose architecture is
interesting. It is a square piece of land surrounded on all
sides by an enclosing wall. In the centre there is the base
of a square stiipa and on the four corner-points there are
the remains of the bases offour square stiipas. These stiipas
are indicated l,j.K,L and M in plan. It is very difficult
to surmise the significance of this building.
BASES OF FIVE SWPAS IN FRONT OF R.
48
To the east of this building are the remains of a
rectangular structure whose significance is not clear.
RECTANGULAR STRUCTURE IN FRONT OF R.
13
THE MONASTERY
.J
STRUCTURE IN FRONT OF R. 54
In the courtyard infront of room 54 and tothe east of the
model of the main temple there is the remain of a structure
in utter ruins.
R. 55
56
To the south-east of it and in the courtyard in front of
the space between rooms 55 and 56 there is a well which is.
probably old.
WELL IN FRONT OF
AND
14
'" To
FOUR-FACED TEMPLE
R. 64-65
To the south of it and in the courtyard in front of rooms
64 and 65 the remains of another rectangUlar struCture
have been found.
STRUCTURE IN FRONT OF
DISCOVERED ANTIQUITIES
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THE MONASTERY
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15
CENTRAL BLOCK
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16
DISCOVERED ANTIQUITIES
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THE MONASTERY
17
R.112-155
There are altogether 44 cells on the western side, which
are luckily better preserved than those on the other sides.
No exit on this side was discovered.
WESTERN SIDE:
CENTR.ALBLOCK
o.
R.
DISCOVERED ANTIQ,DITIES
18
DAMP-PROOF STRUCTURE
THE MONASTERY
19
CHAPTER
IV
GENERAL PLAN
ENTRANCE-HALL
SATYAPIR'S BHITA
21
VOTIVE STijPAS
22
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CHAPTFR
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
STONESCULPTURE
24
BRAHM,A.
.,
ART
25
26
left hand the trifula, in the lower right hand a rosary (aksha
millil) and a snake in the lower left hand. On the pedestal
is the crude representation of the mouse (PI. VlI, b).
RADHA AND K~ISH~A
YAMUNA
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ART
27
AGNI
28
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TERRACOTTA PLA~UES
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ART
29
SIVA
SIVA-LINGA
BRAHMA
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30
GA~8A
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which the
RAMAYA~A-SCENES
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ART
31
.Fables there is the story of the lion and the mouse in which
(me lion who has been trapped is released from the snare
by a grateful mouse. In this case the purport seems to be
the same, though here are represented an elephant instead
(}f the lion and three mice instead of one mouse (PI. X, a).
LOWER ANIMAL
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