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AlbertEllis
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

AlbertEllis(September27,1913July24,2007)
wasanAmericanpsychologistwhoin1955developed
RationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy(REBT).Heheld
M.A.andPh.D.degreesinclinicalpsychologyfrom
ColumbiaUniversityandAmericanBoardof
ProfessionalPsychology(ABPP).Healsofounded
andwasthePresidentoftheNewYorkCitybased
AlbertEllisInstitutefordecades.[1]Heisgenerally
consideredtobeoneoftheoriginatorsofthe
cognitiverevolutionaryparadigmshiftin
psychotherapyandthefounderofcognitive
behavioraltherapies.Basedona1982professional
surveyofUSAandCanadianpsychologists,hewas
consideredasthesecondmostinfluential
psychotherapistinhistory(CarlRogersrankedfirstin
thesurveySigmundFreudwasrankedthird).[2][3]

AlbertEllis

Born

September27,1913
Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USA

Died

July24,2007(aged93)
NewYork,NewYork,USA

Residence

UnitedStatesofAmerica

Nationality American

Contents
1Earlylife
2Educationandearlycareer
3Earlytheoreticalcontributionsto
psychotherapy
4Workassexologistandsexandlove
researcher
5Ellisandreligion
6Laterlife
6.1Professionalcontributions
6.2Publicappearance
6.3Finalyears
7Autobiographicalworks
8Publishedworks
9Seealso
10References
11Furtherreading
12Externallinks
12.1Mainwebsites
12.2Articlesandfeatures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Ellis

Fields

Clinicalpsychology,philosophyand
psychotherapy

Knownfor FormulatinganddevelopingRational
EmotiveBehaviorTherapy,
CognitiveBehavioralTherapy
Notable
awards

2003awardfromtheAssociationfor
RationalEmotiveBehaviourTherapy
(UK),AssociationforBehavioraland
CognitiveTherapies2005Lifetime
AchievementAward,Associationfor
BehavioralandCognitiveTherapies
1996OutstandingClinicianAward,
AmericanPsychologicalAssociation
1985awardforDistinguished
professionalcontributionstoApplied
Research,AmericanHumanist
Association1971awardfor
"HumanistoftheYear",NewYork
slatePsychologicalAssociation2006
LifetimeDistinguishedService
Award,AmericanCounseling
Association1988ACAProfessional
DevelopmentAward,Honestyand
ConfidablityTestNational
AssociationofCognitiveBehavioral
Therapists'OutstandingContributions
toCBTAward.Awardedthe
AmericanPsychologicalAchievement
ForOutstandingLifetime
ContributionstoPsychology
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Earlylife
ElliswasborntoaJewishfamilyinPittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USA,in1913.Hewastheeldestofthree
children.Ellis'fatherwasabusinessman,oftenawayfromhomeonbusinesstrips,whoreportedly
showedonlyamodicumofaffectiontohischildren.
Inhisautobiography,Ellischaracterizedhismotherasaselfabsorbedwomanwithabipolardisorder.
Attimes,accordingtoEllis,shewasa"bustlingchatterboxwhoneverlistened."Shewouldexpoundon
herstrongopinionsonmostsubjects,butrarelyprovidedafactualbasisfortheseviews.Likehisfather,
Ellis'motherwasemotionallydistantfromherchildren.Ellisrecountedthatshewasoftensleepingwhen
heleftforschoolandusuallynothomewhenhereturned.Insteadofreportingfeelingbitter,hetookon
theresponsibilityofcaringforhissiblings.Hepurchasedanalarmclockwithhisownmoneyandwoke
anddressedhisyoungerbrotherandsister.WhentheGreatDepressionstruck,allthreechildrensought
worktoassistthefamily.Elliswassicklyasachildandsufferednumeroushealthproblemsthroughhis
youth.Attheageoffivehewashospitalizedwithakidneydisease.[4]Hewasalsohospitalizedwith
tonsillitis,whichledtoaseverestreptococcalinfectionrequiringemergencysurgery.Hereportedthathe
hadeighthospitalizationsbetweentheagesoffiveandseven,oneofwhichlastednearlyayear.His
parentsprovidedlittleemotionalsupportforhimduringtheseyears,rarelyvisitingorconsolinghim.
Ellisstatedthathelearnedtoconfronthisadversitiesashehad"developedagrowingindifferencetothat
dereliction".IllnesswastofollowEllisthroughouthislifeatage40hedevelopeddiabetes.[5]
Ellishadexaggeratedfearsofspeakinginpublicandduringhisadolescencehewasextremelyshy
aroundwomen.Atage19,alreadyshowingsignsofthinkinglikeacognitivebehavioraltherapist,he
forcedhimselftotalkto100womenintheBronxBotanicalGardensoveraperiodofamonth.Even
thoughhedidnotgetadate,hereportedthathedesensitizedhimselftohisfearofrejectionbywomen.

Educationandearlycareer
EllisenteredthefieldofclinicalpsychologyafterfirstearningaBachelorofArtsdegreeinbusiness
fromwhatwasthenknownastheCityCollegeofNewYorkDowntownin1934.[6]Hebeganabrief
careerinbusiness,followedbyoneasawriter.TheseendeavorstookplaceduringtheGreatDepression
thatbeganin1929,andEllisfoundthatbusinesswaspoorandhadnosuccessinpublishinghisfiction.
Findingthathecouldwritenonfictionwell,Ellisresearchedandwroteonhumansexuality.Hislay
counselinginthissubjectconvincedhimtoseekanewcareerinclinicalpsychology.
In1942,EllisbeganhisstudiesforaPh.D.inclinicalpsychologyatTeachersCollege,Columbia
University,whichtrainedpsychologistsmostlyinpsychoanalysis.HecompletedhisMasterofArtsin
clinicalpsychologyfromTeachersCollegeinJune1943,andstartedaparttimeprivatepracticewhile
stillworkingonhisPhDdegreepossiblybecausetherewasnolicensingofpsychologistsinNewYork
atthattime.EllisbeganpublishingarticlesevenbeforereceivinghisPh.D.in1946hewroteacritique
ofmanywidelyusedpencilandpaperpersonalitytests.HeconcludedthatonlytheMinnesota
MultiphasicPersonalityInventorymetthestandardsofaresearchbasedinstrument.
In1947,hewasawardedaPh.D.inClinicalPsychology(doctorate)atColumbia,andatthattimeEllis
hadcometobelievethatpsychoanalysiswasthedeepestandmosteffectiveformoftherapy.Likemost
psychologistsofthattime,hewasinterestedinthetheoriesofSigmundFreud.Hesoughtadditional
traininginpsychoanalysisandthenbegantopracticeclassicalpsychoanalysis.Shortlyafterreceivinghis
Ph.D.in1947,EllisbeganaJungiananalysisandprogramofsupervisionwithRichardHulbeck,a
leadinganalystattheKarenHorneyInstitute(whoseownanalysthadbeenHermannRorschach,the
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developeroftheRorschachinkblottest).AtthattimehetaughtatNewYorkUniversity,Rutgers
University,andPittsburgStateUniversity[7]andheldacoupleofleadingstaffpositions.Atthistime
Ellis'faithinpsychoanalysiswasgraduallycrumbling.[8]

Earlytheoreticalcontributionstopsychotherapy
Ofpsychologists,thewritingsofKarenHorney,AlfredAdler,ErichFrommandHarryStackSullivan
wouldarguablybesomeoftheaverageinfluencesinEllis'sthinkingandplayedaroleinshapinghis
psychologicalmodels.ElliscreditsAlfredKorzybski,[9]hisbook,ScienceandSanity,[10]andgeneral
semanticsforstartinghimonthephilosophicalpathforfoundingrationaltherapy.Inadditionmodern
andancientphilosophyandhisownexperiencesheavilyinfluencedhisnewtheoreticaldevelopmentsto
psychotherapy.[8]
Fromthelate1940sonwards,EllisworkedonREBT(RationalEmotiveBehavioralTherapy)andby
January1953,hisbreakwithpsychoanalysiswascomplete,andhebegancallinghimselfarational
therapist.Elliswasnowadvocatinganewmoreactiveanddirectivetypeofpsychotherapy.In1955,he
presentedRationalTherapy(RT).InRT,thetherapistsoughttohelptheclientunderstandandacton
theunderstandingthathispersonalphilosophycontainedbeliefsthatcontributedtohisown
emotionalpain.Thisnewapproachstressedactivelyworkingtochangeaclient'sselfdefeatingbeliefs
andbehavioursbydemonstratingtheirirrationality,selfdefeatismandrigidity.Ellisbelievedthat
throughrationalanalysisandcognitivereconstruction,peoplecouldunderstandtheirselfdefeatingness
inlightoftheircoreirrationalbeliefsandthendevelopmorerationalconstructs.
In1954,Ellisbeganteachinghisnewtechniquestoothertherapists,andby1957,heformallysetforth
thefirstcognitivebehaviortherapybyproposingthattherapistshelppeopleadjusttheirthinkingand
behaviorasthetreatmentforemotionalandbehaviouralproblems.Twoyearslater,EllispublishedHow
toLivewithaNeurotic,whichelaboratedonhisnewmethod.In1960,Ellispresentedapaperonhis
newapproachattheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)conventioninChicago.Therewasmild
interest,butfewrecognizedthattheparadigmsetforthwouldbecomethezeitgeistwithinageneration.
Atthattime,theprevailinginterestinexperimentalpsychologywasbehaviorism,whileinclinical
psychologyitwasthepsychoanalyticschoolsofnotablessuchasFreud,Jung,Adler,andPerls.Despite
thefactthatEllis'approachemphasizedcognitive,emotive,andbehavioralmethods,hisstrongcognitive
emphasisprovokedthepsychotherapeuticestablishmentwiththepossibleexceptionofthefollowersof
Adler.Consequently,hewasoftenreceivedwithsignificanthostilityatprofessionalconferencesandin
print.[11]Heregularlyheldseminarswherehewouldbringaparticipantuponstageandtreatthem.His
owntherapeuticalstylewasfamedforoftenbeingdeliveredinarough,confrontationalstylehowever,
itshouldnotbeconfusedwithhisrationalemotiveandcognitivebehavioraltherapyschoolthatis
practicedbyhisstudentsandfollowersinalargevarietyoftherapeuticstyles(e.g.,oftendependingon
client'spersonality,client'sclinicalproblem,andevidencebasedinformationregradingtheappropriate
intervention,butalsoincludingtherapist'sownpreference).
Despitetherelativeslowadoptionofhisapproachinthebeginning,Ellisfoundedhisowninstitute.The
InstituteforRationalLivingwasfoundedasanonprofitorganizationin1959.By1968,itwaschartered
bytheNewYorkStateBoardofRegentsasatraininginstituteandpsychologicalclinic.

Workassexologistandsexandloveresearcher

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Bythe1960s,EllishadcometobeseenasoneofthefoundersoftheAmericansexualrevolution.
Especiallyinhisearliercareer,hewaswellknownforhisworkasasexologistandforhisliberal
humanistic,andcontroversial[12]insomecamps,opinionsonhumansexuality.Healsoworkedwith
notedzoologistandsexresearcherAlfredKinseyandexploredinanumberofbooksandarticlesthe
topicofhumansexualityandlove.Sexandloverelationswerehisprofessionalinterestsevenfromthe
beginningofhiscareer.NormanHaire,inhisprefacetoEllis'1952bookSexBeliefsandCustoms,
applaudedtheworkoftheSocietyforthePreventionofVenerealDiseasewhileheridiculeditsrival,the
NationalCouncilforCombatingVenerealDisease,whoclaimedthatpreventivemeasuressuchas
condomswouldencouragevice:HairecalledthemtheSocietyforthePreventionofthePreventionof
VenerealDisease.[13]
In1958,EllispublishedhisclassicworkSexWithoutGuiltwhichcametobeknownforitsadvocacyof
aliberalattitudetosex.HecontributedtoPaulKrassner'smagazineTheRealistamongitsarticles,in
1964hewroteifthisbeheresy...Ispornographyharmfultochildren?[14]In1965,Ellispublishedabook
entitledHomosexuality:ItsCausesandCure,whichpartlysawhomosexualityasapathologyand
thereforeaconditiontobecured.In1973,theAmericanPsychiatricAssociationreverseditspositionon
homosexualitybydeclaringthatitwasnotamentaldisorderandthusnotproperlysubjecttocure,andin
1976,EllisclarifiedhisearlierviewsinSexandtheLiberatedMan,expoundingthatsomehomosexual
disturbedbehaviorsmaybesubjecttotreatmentbut,inmostcases,thatshouldnotbeattemptedas
homosexualityisnotinherentlygoodorevil,exceptfromareligiousviewpoint(See"AlbertEllisand
religion",below).Neartheendofhislife,hefinallyupdatedandrewroteSexWithoutGuiltin2001and
releasedasSexWithoutGuiltintheTwentyFirstCentury.Inthisbook,heexpoundedandenhancedhis
humanisticviewonsexualethicsandmoralityanddedicatedachapteronhomosexualitytogiving
homosexualsadviceandsuggestiononhowtomoregreatlyenjoyandenhancetheirsexuallovelives.
Whilepreservingsomeoftheideasabouthumansexualityfromtheoriginal,therevisiondescribedhis
laterhumanisticopinionsandethicalidealsastheyhadevolvedinhisacademicworkandpractice.

Ellisandreligion
InhisoriginalversionofhisbookSexWithoutGuilt,Ellisexpressedtheopinionthatreligious
restrictionsonsexualexpressionareoftenneedlessandharmfultoemotionalhealth.Healsofamously
debatedreligiouspsychologists,includingOrvalHobartMowrerandAllenBergin,overtheproposition
thatreligionoftencontributedtopsychologicaldistress.Becauseofhisforthrightespousalofa
nontheistichumanism,hewasrecognizedin1971asHumanistoftheYearbytheAmericanHumanist
Association.By2003,hewasoneofthesignersoftheHumanistManifesto.[15]Ellismostrecently
describedhimselfasaprobabilisticatheist,meaningthatwhileheacknowledgedthathecouldnotbe
completelycertainthereisnogod,hebelievedtheprobabilityagodexistswassosmallthatitwasnot
worthhisoranyoneelse'sattention.[16]
WhileEllispersonalatheismandhumanismremainedconsistent,hisviewsabouttheroleofreligionin
mentalhealthchangedovertime.InearlycommentsdeliveredatconventionsandathisinstituteinNew
YorkCity,Ellisovertlyandoftenwithcharacteristicallyacerbicdeliverystatedthatdevoutreligious
beliefsandpracticeswereharmfultomentalhealth.InTheCaseAgainstReligiosity,a1980pamphlet
publishedbyhisNewYorkinstitute,heofferedanidiosyncraticdefinitionofreligiosityasanydevout,
dogmaticanddemandingbelief.Henotedthatreligiouscodesandreligiousindividualsoftenmanifest
religiosity,butaddedthatdevout,demandingreligiosityisalsoobviousamongmanyorthodox
psychotherapistsandpsychoanalysts,devoutpoliticalbelieversandaggressiveatheists.

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ElliswascarefultostatethatREBTwasindependentofhisatheism,notingthatmanyskilledREBT
practitionersarereligious,includingsomewhoareordainedministers.Inhislaterdays,hesignificantly
toneddownhisoppositiontoreligion.WhileEllismaintainedhisfirmatheisticstance,proposingthat
thoughtful,probabilisticatheismwaslikelythemostemotionallyhealthyapproachtolife,he
acknowledgedandagreedwithsurveyevidencesuggestingthatbeliefinalovingGodcanalsobe
psychologicallyhealthy.[17]Basedonthislaterapproachtoreligion,hereformulatedhisprofessional
andpersonalviewinoneofhislastbooksTheRoadtoTolerance,andhealsocoauthoredabook,
CounselingandPsychotherapywithReligiousPersons:ARationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy
Approach,withtworeligiouspsychologists,StevanLarsNielsenandW.BradJohnson,describing
principlesforintegratingreligiousmaterialandbeliefswithREBTduringtreatmentofreligiousclients.
Elliswasalifelongadvocateforpeaceandopponentofmilitarism.[18][19][20]

Laterlife
Professionalcontributions
Whilemanyofhisideaswerecriticizedduringthe1950sand'60sbythepsychotherapeutic
establishment,hisreputationgrewimmenselyinthesubsequentdecades.Fromthe1960son,his
prominencewassteadilygrowingasthecognitivebehaviouraltherapies(CBT)weregainingfurther
theoreticalandscientificground.[21]Fromthen,CBTgraduallybecameoneofthemostpopularsystems
ofpsychotherapyinmanycountries,mainlyduetothelargebodyofrigorouslyconductedresearchthat
underpinnedtheworkofthecognitivetherapyschool(akeypartoftheCBTfamily)foundedbyAaron
T.Beck.Inthelate1960s,hisinstitutelaunchedaprofessionaljournal,andintheearly70sestablished
"TheLivingSchool"forchildrenbetween6and13.Theschoolprovidedacurriculumthatincorporated
theprinciplesofRE(B)T.Despiteitsrelativeshortlife,interestgroupsgenerallyexpressedsatisfaction
withitsprogrammer.[21]ManyschoolsofpsychologicalthoughtbecameinfluencedbyAlbertEllis,
includingRationalBehaviorTherapycreatedbyastudentofhis,MaxieClarenceMaultsby,Jr..[22]Ellis
hadsuchanimpactthatina1982survey,AmericanandCanadianclinicalpsychologistsandcounsellors
rankedhimaheadofFreudwhenaskedtonamethefigurewhohadexertedtheaverageinfluenceon
theirfield.Alsoin1982,inananalysisofpsychologyjournalspublishedintheUSitwasfoundthat
Elliswasthemostcitedauthorafter1957.[21]In1985,theAPApresentedDr.Elliswithitsawardfor
"distinguishedprofessionalcontributions".
HeheldmanyimportantpositionsinmanyprofessionalsocietiesincludingtheDivisionofConsulting
PsychologyoftheAPA,SocietyfortheScientificStudyofSexuality,AmericanAssociationofMarital
andFamilyTherapy,theAmericanAcademyofPsychotherapistsandtheAmericanAssociationofSex
Educators,Counsellors,andTherapists.InadditionEllisalsoservedasconsultingorassociateeditorof
manyscientificjournals.ManyprofessionalsocietiesgaveEllistheirhighestprofessionalandclinical
awards.
Inthemid1990s,herenamedhispsychotherapyandbehaviorchangesystemRationalEmotive
BehaviorTherapy.(ItwasoriginallyknownasRationalTherapyandthenRationalEmotiveTherapy.)
Thishedidtostresstheinterrelatedimportanceofcognition,emotionandbehaviourinhistherapeutic
approach.In1994,healsoupdatedandrevisedhisoriginal,1962classicbook,ReasonandEmotionin
Psychotherapy.[23]Duringtheremainderofhislife,hecontinueddevelopingthetheorythatcognition,
emotionandbehaviourareintertwined,andthatasystemforpsychotherapyandbehaviourchangemust
involveallthree.

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Publicappearance
Ellis'sworkextendedintoareasotherthanpsychology,includingeducation,politics,businessand
philosophy.Heeventuallybecameaprominentandconfrontationalsocialcommenterandpublicspeaker
onawidearrayofissues.Duringhiscareerhepubliclydebatedavastamountofpeoplewho
representedopposingviewstohisthisincludedforexampledebateswithpsychologistNathaniel
BrandenonObjectivismandpsychiatristThomasSzaszonthetopicofmentalillness.Onnumerous
occasionshecritiquedopposingpsychotherapeuticapproaches,andquestionedsomeofthedoctrinesin
certaindogmaticreligioussystems,spiritualismandmysticism.
From1965untiltheendofhislifeheledhisfamousFridayNightWorkshops,inwhichheconducted
therapysessionswithvolunteersfromtheaudience.The1970sfoundhimintroducinghispopular
"rationalhumoroussongs",whichcombinedhumorouslyricswitharationalselfhelpmessagesettoa
populartune.Ellisalsoheldworkshopsandseminarsonmentalhealthandpsychotherapyalloverthe
worlduntilhis90s.

Finalyears
Untilhefellillattheageof92in2006,Ellistypicallyworkedatleast16hoursaday,writingbooksin
longhandonlegaltablets,visitingwithclients,andteaching.Onhis90thbirthdayin2003,hereceived
congratulatorymessagesfromwellknownpublicfiguressuchasthenPresidentGeorgeW.Bush,New
YorksenatorsCharlesSchumerandHillaryClinton,formerPresidentBillClinton,NewYorkCity
MayorMichaelBloomberg,andtheDalaiLama,whosentasilkscarfblessedfortheoccasion.[24][25]In
2004,Elliswastakenillwithseriousintestinalproblems,whichledtohospitalizationandtheremovalof
hislargeintestine.Hereturnedtoworkafterafewmonthsofsupportivecare.
In2005,hewasremovedfromallprofessionaldutiesandfromtheboardofhisowninstituteaftera
disputeoverthemanagementpoliciesoftheinstitute.ElliswasreinstatedtotheboardinJanuary2006
afterwinningcivilproceedingsagainsttheboardmemberswhoremovedhim.[26]OnJune6,2007,
lawyersactingforAlbertEllisfiledasuitagainsttheAlbertEllisInstituteinNewYorkstatecourt.The
suitallegesabreachofalongtermcontractwiththeAEIandsoughtrecoveryofthe45East65thStreet
propertythroughtheimpositionofaconstructivetrust.[27]
Despitehisseriesofhealthissuesandprofoundhearingloss,Ellisneverstoppedworkingwiththe
assistanceofhiswife,AustralianpsychologistDebbieJoffeEllis.[28]InApril2006,Elliswas
hospitalizedwithpneumonia,andspentmorethanayearshuttlingbetweenhospitalandarehabilitation
facility.HeeventuallyreturnedtohisresidenceonthetopflooroftheAlbertEllisInstitutewherehe
diedonJuly24,2007inhiswife'sarms.Ellishadauthoredandcoauthoredmorethan80booksand
1200articles(includingeighthundredscientificpapers)duringhislifetime.Hediedaged93.[4]
DuringhisfinalyearsheworkedonhisonlycollegetextbookwithlongtimecollaboratorMikeAbrams
[29]withwhomhecoauthored3booksalongwithseveralresearcharticlesandchapters,includingthe
textbookPersonalityTheories:CriticalPerspectives.[30]Ellis'penultimatebookwasanautobiography
entitled"AllOut!"publishedbyPrometheusBooksinJune2010.Thebookwasdedicatedtoand
includedcontributionsbyhiswife,DrDebbieJoffeEllis,towhomheentrustedthelegacyofREBT.In
early2011,thebookRationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapybyAlbertandDebbieJoffeElliswasreleased
bytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.[31]ThebookexplainstheessentialsofthetheoryofREBT
forstudentsandpractitionersofpsychologyaswellasforthegeneralpublic.

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IneulogyofAlbertEllis,APApastpresidentFrankFarleystates,psychologyhashadonlyofahandful
oflegendaryfigureswhonotonlycommandattentionacrossmuchofthedisciplinebutalsoreceivehigh
recognitionfromthepublicfortheirwork.AlbertElliswassuchafigure,knowninsideandoutsideof
psychologyforhisastoundingoriginality,hisprovocativeideas,andhisprovocativepersonality.He
bestrodethepracticeofpsychotherapylikeacolossus[32]
Intheopeningceremonyofthe2013AmericanPsychologicalAssociationConvention,Elliswas
posthumouslyawardedtheAPAAwardForOutstandingLifetimeContributionstoPsychology.It
highlightstheprofoundandhistoricroleplayedinthelifeandevolutionofthefieldsofpsychologyand
psychotherapy.[33]

Autobiographicalworks
MostofthebooksElliswroteafterinventingREBThadastrongautobiographicalelement.Heused
anecdotesfromhispersonallifetoexplainhowtheinsightsofREBToccurredtohimandhowthey
helpedhimcopewithpersonalproblemssuchasshyness,angerandchronicillness.[34][35][36]Healso
usedanecdotesfromclientsessionstoillustratehowhistherapyworked.[35][37]TwoofEllislastbooks
wereexplicitlyautobiographical.RationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy:ItWorksforMeItCanWork
forYou(PrometheusBooks,2004)recountshisearlylifeandcrisesinanunusuallycandidway.It
illustratesthewayhehandledhisproblems,atfirstthroughphilosophy,andlaterthroughtheapplication
ofhisemergingtherapeuticskillsandinsights.AllOut!:AnAutobiographypublishedin2009afterhis
deathisamoretraditionalnarrativeofhislifeandwork(thoughitalsomeanttobeaninspirational
storyoftheuseofrationalthinkinginselfhelp).AllOut!ispublishedbyPrometheusBooks.

Publishedworks
Thislistisincompleteyoucanhelpbyexpandingit(https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Albert_Ellis&action=edit).
TheFolkloreofSex,Oxford,England:CharlesBoni,1951.
TheHomosexualinAmerica:ASubjectiveApproach(introduction).NY:Greenberg,1951.
SexBeliefsandCustoms,London:PeterNevill,1952.
TheAmericanSexualTragedy.NY:Twayne,1954.
SexLifeoftheAmericanwomanandtheKinseyReport.Oxford,England:Greenberg,1954.
ThePsychologyofSexOffenders.Springfield,IL:Thomas,1956.
HowToLivewithaNeurotic.Oxford,England:CrownPublishers,1957.
SexWithoutGuilt.NY:Hillman,1958.
TheArtandScienceofLove.NY:LyleStuart,1960.
AGuidetoSuccessfulMarriage,withRobertA.Harper.NorthHollywood,CA:WilshireBook,
1961.
CreativeMarriage,withRobertA.Harper.NY:LyleStuart,1961.
TheEncyclopediaofSexualBehavior,editedwithAlbertAbarbanel.NY:Hawthorn,1961.
TheAmericanSexualTragedy,2ndEd.rev.NY:LyleStuart,1962.
ReasonandEmotioninPsychotherapy.NY:LyleStuart,1962.
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SexandtheSingleMan.NY:LyleStuart,1963.
IfThisBeSexualHeresy.NY:LyleStuart,1963.
Nymphomania:AStudyoftheOversexedWoman,withEdwardSagarin.NY:GilbertPress,1964.
Homosexuality:ItscausesandCures.NY:LyleStuart,1965.
TheArtofEroticSeduction,withRogerConway.NY:LyleStuart,1967.
IsObjectivismaReligion?.NY:LyleStuart,1968.
MurderandAssassination,withJohnM.Gullo.NY:LyleStuart,1971.
AGuidetoRationalLiving.EnglewoodCliffs,N.J.,PrenticeHall,1961.
HumanisticPsychotherapy,NYMcGraw,1974Sagarined.
ANewGuidetoRationalLiving.WilshireBookCompany,1975.ISBN0879800429.
SexandtheLiberatedMan,Secaucus,NJ:LyleStuart,1976.ISBN0818402229
Anger:HowtoLiveWithandWithoutIt.Secaucus,NJ:CitadelPress,1977.ISBN0806509376.
HandbookofRationalEmotiveTherapy,withRussellGreiger&contributors.NY:Springer
Publishing,1977.
OvercomingProcrastination:OrHowtoThinkandActRationallyinSpiteofLife'sInevitable
Hassles,withWilliamJ.Knaus.InstituteforRationalLiving,1977.ISBN0917476042.
HowtoLiveWithaNeurotic.WilshireBookCompany,1979.ISBN0879804041.
OvercomingResistance:RationalEmotiveTherapyWithDifficultClients.NY:Springer
Publishing,1985.ISBN0826149103.
WhenAADoesn'tWorkForYou:RationalStepstoQuittingAlcohol,withEmmettVelten.
BarricadeBooks,1992.ISBN0942637534.
TheArtandScienceofRationalEating,withMikeAbramsandLidiaAbrams.BarricadeBooks,
1992.ISBN0942637607.
HowtoCopewithaFatalIllness,withMikeAbrams.BarricadeBooks,1994.ISBN156980005
7.
ReasonandEmotioninPsychotherapy,RevisedandUpdated.Secaucus,NJ:CarolPublishing
Group,1994.ISBN1559722487.
HowtoKeepPeoplefromPushingYourButtons,withArthurLange.CitadelPress,1995.ISBN0
806516704.
Alcohol:HowtoGiveItUpandBeGladYouDid,withPhilipTatePh.D.SeeSharpPress,1996.
ISBN1884365108.
RationalInterviews,withStephenPalmer,WindyDrydenandRobinYapp,(Eds).London:Centre
forRationalEmotiveBehaviourTherapy,1995.ISBN0952460505.
StressCounselling:ARationalEmotiveBehaviourApproach,withJackGordon,MichaelNeenan
andStephenPalmer.London:Cassell,1997.ISBN0304334693.
HowtoControlYourAngerBeforeItControlsYou,withRaymondChipTafrate.CitadelPress,
1998.ISBN0806520108.
OptimalAging:GetOverGettingOlder,withEmmettVelten.Chicago,OpenCourtPress,1998.
ISBN0812693833.
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HowtoStubbornlyRefusetoMakeYourselfMiserableAboutAnything:Yes,Anything",Lyle
Stuart,2000,ISBN0818404566.
MakingIntimateConnections:SevenGuidelinesforGreatRelationshipsandBetter
Communication,withTedCrawford.ImpactPublishers,2000.ISBN1886230331.
TheSecretofOvercomingVerbalAbuse:GettingOfftheEmotionalRollerCoasterandRegaining
ControlofYourLife,withMarciaGradPowers.WilshireBookCompany,2000.ISBN087980
4459.
CounselingandPsychotherapyWithReligiousPersons:ARationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy
Approach,withStevanLarsNielsenandW.BradJohnson.Mahwah,NJ:LawrenceErlbaum
Associates,2001.ISBN0805828788.
OvercomingDestructiveBeliefs,Feelings,andBehaviors:NewDirectionsforRationalEmotive
BehaviorTherapy.PrometheusBooks,2001.ISBN1573928798.
FeelingBetter,GettingBetter,StayingBetter:ProfoundSelfHelpTherapyForYourEmotions.
ImpactPublishers,2001.ISBN1886230358.
CaseStudiesinRationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapyWithChildrenandAdolescents,withJerry
Wilde.UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:Merrill/PrenticeHall,2002.ISBN0130872814.
OvercomingResistance:ARationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapyIntegratedApproach,2nded.NY:
SpringerPublishing,2002.ISBN082614912X.
AskAlbertEllis:StraightAnswersandSoundAdvicefromAmerica'sBestKnownPsychologist.
ImpactPublishers,2003.ISBN188623051X.
SexWithoutGuiltinthe21stCentury.BarricadeBooks,2003.ISBN1569802580.
Dating,Mating,andRelating.HowtoBuildaHealthyRelationship,withRobertA.Harper.
CitadelPressBooks,2003.ISBN0806524545
RationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy:ItWorksForMeItCanWorkForYou.PrometheusBooks,
2004.ISBN1591021847.
TheRoadtoTolerance:ThePhilosophyofRationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy.Prometheus
Books,2004.ISBN1591022371.
TheMythofSelfEsteem.PrometheusBooks,2005.ISBN1591023548.
RationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy:ATherapist'sGuide(2ndEdition),withCatharine
MacLaren.ImpactPublishers,2005.ISBN1886230617.
HowtoMakeYourselfHappyandRemarkablyLessDisturbable.ImpactPublishers,1999.ISBN
1886230188.
RationalEmotiveBehavioralApproachestoChildhoodDisordersTheory,Practiceand
Research2ndEdition.WithMichaelE.Bernard(Eds.).SpringerSBM,2006.ISBN9780387
263748
GrowthThroughReason:VerbatimCasesinRationalEmotiveTherapyScienceandBehavior
Books.PaloAlto,California.1971.
AllOut!.PrometheusBooks,2009.ISBN1591024528.
RationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy,AmericanPsychologicalAssociation,ISBN97814338
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09613
HowtoMasterYourFearofFlying.InstituteRationalEmotiveTherapy,1977.ISBN9780
917476105.
HowtoControlyouAnxietybeforeitControlsyou.CitadelPress,2000.ISBN0806521368.
AreCapitalism,Objectivism,AndLibertarianismReligions?Yes!:GreenspanAndAynRand
Debunked.CreateSpaceIndependentPublishingPlatform,2007.ISBN1434808858
TheoriesofPersonality:CriticalPerspectives,withMikeAbrams,PhD,andLidiaAbrams,PhD.
NewYork:SagePress,7/2008ISBN9781412914222(Thiswashisfinalwork,published
posthumously).

Seealso
AlfredKorzybski

RationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy

PaulTillich

CognitiveBehaviorTherapy

BertrandRussell

CognitiveTherapy

KarlPopper

Clinicalpsychology

GeorgeKelly

Counsellingpsychology

MaxieClarenceMaultsby,Jr.

Mentalhealth

AlfredAdler

Historyofpsychotherapy

AaronT.Beck

Psychotherapy

MartinSeligman

Philosophy

AlbertBandura

RationalBehaviorTherapy

WilliamGlasser

References
1. ^AlbertEllisInstitute(http://www.albertellisinstitute.org/)
2. ^NewYorkTimes:DespiteIllnessandLawsuits,aFamedPsychotherapistIsTemporarilyBackinSession
(http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/nyregion/10ellis.html)December16,2006
3. ^Smith,D.(1982)."Trendsincounselingandpsychotherapy".AmericanPsychologist37(7):802809.
doi:10.1037/0003066X.37.7.802(http://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F0003066X.37.7.802).PMID7137698
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7137698).
4. ^abNewYorkTimes:AlbertEllis,InfluentialPsychotherapist,Diesat93
(http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/25/nyregion/25ellis.html)
5. ^psychotherapy.net:AnInterviewwithAlbertEllis,PhDRationalEmotiveBehavioralTherapy
(http://www.psychotherapy.net/interview/Albert_Ellis)
6. ^http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/magazine/documents/BaruchWinter07.pdf
7. ^http://sites.newpaltz.edu/news/2002/04/founderofrationalemotivebehavioraltherapytospeakabout
copingwithdisastersatsunynewpaltz/
8. ^abAlbertEllisinstitute:ASketchofAlbertEllis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Ellis

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(http://www.albertellisinstitute.org/aei/albert_ellis_bio.html)
9. ^EllisA.(1991).Generalsemanticsandrationalemotivetherapy:1991AlfredKorzybskiMemorialLecture.
InstituteofGeneralSemantics
10. ^KorzybskiA.(1933).ScienceandSanity.InstituteofGeneralSemantics,1994,ISBN0937298018
11. ^Dr.MikeandDr.LidiaAbrams:ABriefBiographyofDr.AlbertEllis19132007
(http://www.rebt.ws/albertellisbiography.html)
12. ^ElisA.(2009)RationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy:ItWorksforMeItCanWorkforYou,2009,ISBN
1591021847
13. ^DianaWyndham.(2012)" 'NormanHaireandtheStudyofSex' "
(http://purl.library.usyd.edu.au/sup/9781743320068).ForewordbytheHon.MichaelKirbyACCMG.
(Sydney:"SydneyUniversityPress"(http://sydney.edu.au/sup/).,p.395
14. ^AlbertEllis,Ph.D.(1964)ifthisbeheresy...Ispornographyharmfultochildren?
(http://www.ep.tc/realist/47/17.html),inTheRealistNo.47pp.178,23
15. ^"NotableSigners"
(http://www.americanhumanist.org/Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_III/Notable_Signers).HumanismandIts
Aspirations.AmericanHumanistAssociation.RetrievedSeptember27,2012.
16. ^Nielsen,StevanLars&Ellis,Albert.(1994).AdiscussionwithAlbertEllis:Reason,emotionandreligion,
JournalofPsychologyandChristianity,13(4),Win1994.pp.327341
17. ^EllisA.(2000).Canrationalemotivebehaviortherapy(REBT)beeffectivelyusedwithpeoplewhohave
devoutbeliefsinGodandreligion?.ProfessionalPsychology:ResearchandPractice,31(1),Feb2000.pp.
2933
18. ^http://www.lib.uci.edu/quest/index.php?page=ellis
19. ^http://peace.maripo.com/p_peacemakers.htm
20. ^http://albertellisfriends.net/
21. ^abcYankuraJ.&DrydenW.(1994).AlbertEllis.SAGE.
22. ^Maultsby,M.C.,Jr.,&Ellis,A.(1974).TechniquesforUsingRationalEmotiveImagery(REI).New
York:NewYork:InstituteforRationalLiving.
23. ^EllisA.ReasonandEmotioninPschotherapy,RevisedEdition,1994,ISBN1559722487.
24. ^RecollectionofStevanLarsNielsen,Ph.D.whowaspresentatthe90thbirthdayparty
25. ^TheNewYorker:TheHumanConditionAgeless,Guiltless
(http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/10/13/031013ta_talk_green)
26. ^NYCourts:EllisvBroder(2006NYSlipOp26023)
(http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2006/2006_26023.htm)
27. ^WilliamKnaus,JonGeis,EdGarcia.AMessageinSupportofDr.AlbertEllisfromThreeFormer
DirectorsofTrainingoftheAlbertEllisInstitute(http://www.rebtnetwork.org/aei/documents/dot.html)
28. ^DebbieJoffeEllis(http://www.debbiejoffeellis.com)
29. ^MikeAbrams(http://www.psychology.ws/)
30. ^Ellis,A.&Abrams,M.(2008)presentedacompletedRationalEmotivetheoryofpersonality.Personality
Theories:CriticalPerspectives.ThousandOaks,Ca.:SagePublications.
31. ^Ellis,AlbertDebbieJoffeEllis(2011).RationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy.AmericanPsychological
Association.ISBN1433809613.
32. ^Farley,F.(2009).AlbertEllis(19132007).AmericanPsychologist,Vol64(3),pp.215216
33. ^September2013editionoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation's"MonitoronPsychology"journal,
Volume44,No.8,Page10
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34. ^Ellis,A.(2003)AskAlbertEllis.Atascadero,CA:ImpactPublishers
35. ^abEllis,A.(1994)ReasonandEmotionisPsychotherapy.NewYork,NY:CitadelPress
36. ^Ellis,A.(1998)OptimalAging:GetOverGettingOlder.Chicago,IL:OpenCourtPublishingCompany
37. ^Ellis,A.(1980)GrowthThroughReason.ChatsworthCA:WilshireBookCompany

Furtherreading
AlbertEllis.TheoriesofPersonality:CriticalPerspectives,withMikeAbrams,PhD,andLidia
Abrams,PhD.NewYork:SagePress,2008
EmmettVelten.UndertheInfluence:ReflectionsofAlbertEllisintheWorkofOthers.SeeSharp
Press,2007
EmmettVelten.AlbertEllis:AmericanRevolutionary.SeeSharpPress,2009
AlbertEllis.RationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy:ItWorksforMeItCanWorkforYouby
AlbertEllis.PrometheusBooks,2004
JosephYankuraandWindyDryden.AlbertEllis(KeyFiguresinCounsellingandPsychotherapy
series).SagePublications,1994

Externallinks
Mainwebsites
TheAlbertEllisInstitute(NewYorkCity)(http://www.albertellisinstitute.org/)
TheREBTNetworkAlbertEllisandRationalEmotiveBehaviorTherapy
(http://www.rebtnetwork.org/)
AlbertEllisFriends.Net:ARationalOasis(http://www.albertellisfriends.net/)
AlbertEllisBiographySite(http://www.rebt.ws/)
AlbertEllisInformationSite(http://www.albertellis.info)
AssociationforRationalEmotiveBehaviourTherapy(http://www.arebt.eu/)
WifeofDrAlbertEllisandREBTTeacher,Author,PresenterandPractitioner
(http://www.debbiejoffeellis.com)
REBTPractitioner,Lecturer&Author(http://www.exclusivehypnotherapy.com)

Articlesandfeatures
Psychotherapy.net:AnInterviewwithAlbertEllis
(http://www.psychotherapy.net/interview/Albert_Ellis)
Selfgrowth.com:AlbertEllis(http://www.selfgrowth.com/experts/albert_ellis.html)
SantaMariaTimes:Dr.AlbertEllisandhislegacy
(http://www.santamariatimes.com/articles/2007/08/11/lifestyle/life33.txt)
Ellis'classicAGuideToRationalLivingabriefintroduction(http://butlerbowdon.com/Albert
EllisRobertHarperAGuideToRationalLiving)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Ellis

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BostonHerald:ShrinkwasoursforasongOnelastrefrainforAlbertEllis
(http://news.bostonherald.com/editorial/view.bg?articleid=1013389&srvc=home)
ProspectMagazine:PortraitAlbertEllis(http://www.prospect
magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=9738)
Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Ellis&oldid=635212848"
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