Antenna With DGS For Improved Performance

Proceedings of 2010 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE 2010)
Antenna with DGS for Improved Performance

M. Esa, U. Jamaluddin and M. S. Awang
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai Johor, Malaysia
mazlina@fke.utm.my
Abstract A recently introduce technique for improving crosspolarisation in microstrip antenna is to employ defected ground
structure (DGS). In this paper, the experimental investigations
have been carried out on a microstrip antenna that has been
embedded with a DGS element having V-slot shape. It was found
that the undesired cross-polarisation has been reduced while the
impedance bandwidth has broadened.
the undesired high cross-polarisation. Fig. 1 show the

implemented prototype of the proposed antenna.
Keywords- Defected ground structure (DGS), improved

performance.
I.
INTRODUCTION
An emerging technique to improve the performance of a

microstrip patch antenna is by introducing defected ground
structure (DGS) [1]-[4]. DGS has the ability to provide slow
wave effect in the frequency below band-gap and fast-wave
effect above the band-gap frequency [5]. The DGS element
introduces an extra lumped capacitance and inductance to the
distributed line. Interestingly, it has the ability to reduce
undesired cross-polarisations.
This paper presents the experimental investigations of a
microstrip slot antenna that has a DGS element embedded in
its ground plane. The shape of the DGS is of V-slot. Both the
antennas with and without the DGS element have been
successfully measured. It was found that the V-slot DGS has
improved the antenna performance in terms of its suppressed
cross-polarisation and broadened impedance bandwidth.
II.
DESIGN STRUCTURE
The antenna is designed to operate at f0 = 5.8 GHz for

applications such as wireless LAN [2]. The chosen laminate is
the low loss RT/Duroid 5870 microwave board that has
relative permittivity, r, of 2.33, loss tangent of 0.0012, and
thickness, h, of the substrate is 1.575 mm. It is feed from
underneath the board using electromagnetic coupling method.
The design dimensions were obtained using the design
equation available in the literature [1], [2]. This gives the
width dimension of approximately 33 mm. The corresponding
bandwidth of the antenna can thus be computed.
Simulations have been performed for optimum
performance, resulting in a V-shaped slot in the middle of the
radiating patch [5]. The unique DGS element having V-shaped
slot, or named V-slot, is integrated for the purpose of reducing
Xplore Compliant 2010 IEEE
(a)
(b)
Fig. 1. Antenna prototype; ground plane with V-slot DGS, and radiating
patch.
III.
MEASURED RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The measured return loss responses of the antenna without

and with V-slot DGS are depicted in Figs. 2 and 3,
respectively. The -10 dB operating bandwidth of the
conventional antenna is ~42% (from 5.7 GHz to 8.7 GHz).
There are three dips at 5.95 GHz, 6.45 GHz and 8.8 GHz. It
can be inferred that the V-slot DGS provides an improvement
of -10 dB impedance bandwidth. The operating bandwidth has
widened.
It can be observed that the DGS slot has improved the
impedance bandwidth of the antennas by 2 % and 3 %,
respectively.
The corresponding measured radiation patterns at 7 GHz,
7.45 GHz, and 8 GHz are shown in Figures 4 to 6,
respectively.

This could be due to simulation inaccuracies and fabrication
errors.
Reflection coefficient response
Magnitude of S-parameter (dB)
-5
IV. CONCLUSION
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
4
10
Frequency (GHz)
Fig. 2. Measured return loss response of the antenna without DGS slot.
Reflection coefficient response
Magnitude of S-parameter (dB)
-5
The measurement investigation of a microstrip antenna that

has been embedded with DGS element of V-shaped slot has
been presented. The antenna is compared with its
corresponding counterpart. It was found that the undesired
cross-polarisation has been reduced at the three selected
frequencies within the operating bandwidth. The impedance
bandwidth has also broadened. The defect on the ground plane
has disturbed the current distribution in the ground plane [6].
The current disturbance affects the capacitance and inductance
of the antenna, thus perturbing and suppressing the occurrence
of any orthogonal resonance [2]. Slight disagreement of the Eplane cross-polarisation level is observed for the WA, which
could be due to simulation inaccuracies in computing the
radiation pattern. Nevertheless, the experimental results
confirmed that the DGS V-slot has successfully improved the
isolation of both the E- and H-plane co- and cross-polarisation
radiation patterns. The proposed DGS has not only improved
the cross-polarisation component but also the impedance
bandwidth of the wideband microstrip patch antenna.
-10
-15
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
-20
The authors would like to thank the support of Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia.
-25
4
10
Frequency (GHz)
Fig. 3. Measured return loss response of the antenna with DGS slot.
[1]
[2]
The corresponding co- and cross-polarisation of each

antenna are similar, and agree well with theory [1], [2]. The
measured E-plane cross-polarisation of the antenna has greatly
decreased when V-slot DGS is introduced. The isolation
between the co- and cross-polarisation levels are
approximately 10 dBm for both the E-plane and H-plane
radiations.
The measured results have been presented for selected
frequencies of operations within the operating bandwidth. The
results showed reduction in cross-polarisation levels, despite
slight disagreement of the E-plane cross-polarisation levels.
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
REFERENCES
G. Ramesh, B. Prakah, J. B. Inder and I. Apisak, Microstrip antenna
design handbook, Artech House Publishers, Boston, London, 2001.
K. L. Wong, Compact and broadband Microstrip Antennas. New York:
Wiley, 2002.
D. Guha and Y. Siddiqui, Simple design of a novel broadband antenna:
inverted microstrip patch loaded with a capacitive post, Proceedings of
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Int. Symp., vol. 2, 2002, pp.
534-537.
S. S. Iqbal, J. Y. Siddiqui and D. Guha, Performance of compact
integratable broadband microstrip antenna, Electromagnetics, vol. 25,
no. 4, pp. 317-327, May/June. 2005.
Debatosh Guha, Manotosh Biswas and Yahia M. M. Antar, Microstrip
patch antenna with defected ground structure for cross polarization
suppression, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Lett., vol. 4, pp.
455-458, 2005.
Gary Breed,An introduction to defected ground structure in microstrip
circuit, High Frequency Electronics, pp. 50-54, Nov. 2008.
M. S. Awang, Embedded Antenna with Reduced Polarizations,
unpublished dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Nov. 2009.

Radiation Pattern of H-plane at 7.0 GHz
Radiation Pattern of E-plane at 7.0 GHz
-60
-50
30
30
330
-55
330
-65
-60
-70
-65
60
60
300
-70
300
-75
-75
-80
-80
-85
-85
90
27
-90
-50 -55 -60 -65 -70 -75 -80 -85 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50
-85
90
-60
-65
-70
-75
-80
-90
-85
-90
27
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-85
-80
-80
-75
-70
120
-75(without DGS)
H-Co
H-Cross (without DGS)
-70
H-Co
(with DGS)
H-Cross (with DGS)
120
240
E-co (without DGS)

-65 (without DGS)
E-cross
E-co
-60(with DGS)
E-cross (with DGS)
-65
-55
150
150
210
-50
180
240
210
-60
180
Fig. 4. Measured radiation patterns of V-slot antenna at 7 GHz (a) E-plane (b) H-plane.
0
30
-55
330
-50
330
30
-60
-65
-60
-70
60
300
60
300
-75
-70
-80
-80
-85
27 90
-90
90
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-55
-60
-65
-70
-80
150
-80
-90
-85 -90
-85
27
-85
-80
-75
-70
-50
180
-60
-55
-75
240
120
240
H-Co
-70(without DGS)
H-Cross (without DGS)
-65(with DGS)
H-Co
H-Cross (with DGS)
-60
210
150
-55
180
210
Fig. 5. Measured radiation patterns of V-slot antenna at 7.5 GHz (a) E-plane (b) H-plane.
-65
-80
-70 (without DGS)

E-Co
E-Cross (without DGS)
E-Co (with DGS)
-60
E-Cross (with DGS)
120
-75
-55
-50
30
-55
330
30
330
-60
-65
-60
-65
60
-70
60
300
-70
300
-75
-75
-80
-80
-85
-85
90
27
-90
-50 -55 -60 -65 -70 -75 -80 -85 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50
-85
90
-55
-60
-65
-70
-80
240
27
-85
-80
-75
-70
H-Co (without DGS)

H-Cross
-70 (without DGS)
H-Co (with DGS)
-65 (with DGS)
H-Cross
120
210
150
-55
180
210
Fig. 6. Measured radiation patterns of V-slot antenna at 8 GHz (a) E-plane (b) H-plane.
-65
-60
-55
240
-60
-55
-50
180
-90
-85 -90
-85
-75
-70 (without DGS)

E-Co
E-Cross
(without DGS)
-65
E-Co (with DGS)
-60
E-Cross
(with DGS)
150
-80
-80
-75
120
-75

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Proceedings of 2010 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE 2010)