Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Snap Shot - Vol.5 No.8
Snap Shot - Vol.5 No.8
,ciftywfrStquf
oD&dvuFmEkdifiHodkY
q&mawmfOD;ynm0Hoonf q&mawmf OD;0g,rESifhtwl 1957
ckESpfwGif bDbDvdkif;oabFm British Burrna Line 'DAGDdIif;&m;
oabFmjzifh oD&dvuFmEkdifiHodkY xGufcJhMu\/ oabFmBuD;u &efukefrS
vef'eftxd oGm;&m yxr&yfonfEh idk if u
H oD&v
d uFmEkid if H udv
k b
H Nkd rdKUjzpf
\/ yxr qH;k qdu
k u
f yfaom qdyu
f rf;jzpfonfh udv
k b
H w
kd iG yf if q&mawmf
ESpfyg; qif;oufonf/ oabFmcu jrefrmaiG 359 usyfay;&onf/
udkvHbdkrSae b,folu vmBudKovJqdkawmh (18?8?07)&ufaeY
u &efukefNrdKUwGif oufawmf 99 ESpf? 0gawmf 79 0g b0ysHvGefawmf
rlcahJ om urmo
h moemjyK oufawmf&n
S q
f &mawmfBuD; t*r[my@dw
OD;od*0u vma&mufBudKqdkonf/ q&mawmfBuD;onf oEdokc
ausmif;awmfBuD;tm; oufqdkif&mwdkYu tyfESHrdefYxkwfNyD; trIaMumif;
NyD; 2003 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv r[moEdokc ausmif;ay:rS armif;cs
jcif;cH&aom oufawmf&Snf q&mawmfBuD; OD;od*0yif jzpfygonf/
oD&dvuFmEkdifiHodkYa&muf&SdNyD; bk&m;vSnfhzl; wpfvavmufMum
NyD;aemuf q&mawmf OD;ynm0Hoonf jrefrmjynfudk owd& q&m
awmf ESifhtwl jyefvdkuf&ef pdwful;NyD;rS ab;rS q&mawmfrsm;u
0dkif;0ef;wdkufwGef; jyefrvdkufbJ oD&dvuFmEkdifiHwGif qufaecJh\/
oD&dvuFmEkdifiHaepOf EkdifiHjcm;omoemjyKvkyfief; vkyfaqmifrnf
qdyk gu t*Fvyd pf mrwwfawmhrjzpf[q
k u
kd m t*Fvyd pf m jyefoifMum;
\/ q&mawmfonf oD&dvuFmEkdifiHwGif wpfESpfcefY t*FvdyfpmoifMum;
NyD; q&mawmfOD;0g,r\ wynfh OD;*kPd&ESifh qufoG,fum uyvD
uRef;(c)tef'refuRef;odkY xGufvmcJhonf/
q&mawmf B uD ; OD ; ynm0H o
tef ' ref o moemjyKvk y f i ef ;
tef'refuRef;onf udkudk;uRef;xuf ydkrkdBuD;rm;us,f0ef;om,m
aom uRef;BuD;jzpfonf/ q&mawmfOD;ynm0Hoonf tef'refuRef;odkY
a&muf&Sdvmaomtcg udkudk;uRef;tawGUtBuHKvnf;&Sdae omoemjyK
vkyfief; aqmif&GufEkdifpGrf;&SdaeNyDjzpf\/ q&mawmfu tef'refuRef;
q&mawmf OD;*kPd&ESifh wdkifyifum tef'refAk'bmomomoemjyK
rpf&Sif ]]Andama Buddhist Mission}}udk 1959 ckESpfwGif pwifxl
axmifum Ak'omoemjyefYyGm;a&;vkyfief;udk pwifvkyfaqmif\/ rpf&Sif
udk OD;aqmifolrSm OD;*kPd&jzpf q&mawmfESpfyg;wdkifyif vkyfief;
pDrHudef;wpf&yfudk a&;qGJonf/
ppf
usnfqHu usnfqHtppf
aoewfu aoewftppf
vluom vlrppfwm/ /
armif r d I i f ; vG i f ( tif ; 0)
www.snapshot-news .com
0Pausmx
f ifyef;csv
D jS rifah qG rk;d eJ erfph ef obm0tvS"mwfypHk mtkyx
f u
G &f dS
tif;0? wla';? pmayavmupmtkyfwkdufrsm;wGif 0,f,l&&SdEkdif
jrefrmEkid if v
H t
Yl cGit
Uf a&;aumfr&Siu
f ukyd gBu;D onf
jrefrmEkid if o
H wif;pmq&mrsm;toif;tzG0YJ if
[kwf? r[kwf twnfjyKar;jref;
"mwf y k H - YOH
"mwf y k H - YOH
&efukef Ekd0ifbm
jref r mEk d i f i H vl U tcG i f h
ta&;aumfr&Sifonf 2014
Ek0d ifbmm ( ) &ufaeY aeYv,f
ydkif;u jrefrmEkdifiHowif;pm
q&m toif;okdY qufoG,f
aoqkH;cJhol ukdygBuD;onf
jrefrmEkdifiHowif;pmq&mrsm;
toif;tzGJU 0if[kwf? r[kwf
qufoG,far;jref;cJh&m jrefrm
Ek d i f i H o wif ; pmq&mtoif ;
'kwd,Ou|(3) OD;jrwfcdkifrS
oG m ;a&muf a wG U qk H a jzMum;
&mwGif
YOH
13
a&SYwpfywfqufzwfyg&ef
tar&dueforwbm;&uftb
kd m;rm;vmrnfU
vrf;aMumif;wGif xdkifoydwfjyKvkyfrItm;
&Jwyfzt
YJG jyif;txefwm;jrpfcUJ
tar&dueforw c&D;pOfEiS u
Uf u
kd f a':atmifqef;pkMunftm;
orwrjzpfaponfU zGpYJ nf;yHt
k ajccHOya'yk'rf rsm;udk jyifqifay;&ef qEjyawmif;qdk
qEjyMuwJholawGuvnf; tar&dueforwbm;&uftdkbm;rm;
vma&mufpOftcsdefrSmjrefrmEdkifiH&Jh taetxm;? jynfolawG&Jh vdktyf
csufudk today;apvdkwmaMumifh tcsdefudkufqEjy&wmjzpfw,fvdkY
vnf;qdkMuygw,f/ tar&dueforwbm;&uftdkbm;rm;u tJh'DqEjywJh
aeY nydkif;rSm aejynfawmfudk a&muf&Sdvmygw,f/tar&duefvTwfawmf
ujrefrmjynfoal wG qEjyawmif; qdak eMuwJh zGpYJ nf;yHt
k ajccH OH ya'xJu
yk'frawGeJYywfoufNyD; tar&dueforw&Jh jrefrmjynfc&D;pOfrwdkifcif
av;rSm ajymqdkxm;cJhMuawG&Sdw,fvdkY EdkifiHjcm;rD'D,mawG&JUazmfjycsuf
t&od&ygw,f/
Edik if aH wmforwOD;ode;f pdef vufxufjyKjyifajymif;vJraI wGukd tar&d
uefu tm;ay;axmufcHrIawG&Sdvmygw,f/ 'Drdkua&pDa&; twdkuftcH
acgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pkMunfuawmh tar&dueftpdk;&u jrefrm
tpd;k &tay:taumif;jrifveG ;f aew,fvYkd NyD;cJw
h &hJ ufyikd ;f u pme,fZif;&Si;f
vif;yGrJ mS twdtvif;a0zef ajymvdu
k w
f mvnf;&Syd gw,f/ NyD;cJw
h &hJ ufyikd ;f
rSm jynfaxmifpkBuHUcdkifa&;ESifh zGHUjzdK;a&;ygwDu xdyfoD;acgif;aqmif
OD;atmifaomif;udk tar&dueftpdk;&u emrnfysufpm&if;oGif;cJhwm&SdwJh
twGuaf Mumifv
h nf; tar&dueftaeeJY jrefrmtpd;k &&JUvkyaf qmifcsufawG
tay:vH;k 0taumif;jrifaejcif; r[kwEf ikd af o;wmudv
k nf; Edik if aH &;orm;
apmzdk;cGm;
tcsdKUu axmufjyaewm&Sdygw,f/
tar&dueforwBuD;bm;&uftkdbm;rm;ESifh vlxkacgif;aqmif
a':atmifqef;pkMunfwkdY awGUqkHMurnfh 2014 Ekd0ifbm 14 &ufaeYonf
owif;orm;rsm;twGuf pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&maeYjzpfonf/ a':atmifqef;pk
Munfonf tar&dueftpkd;&tay:a0zefrIrsm;&SdaecJhNyD; tar&dueforw
BuD;tkb
d m;rm;ESihf awGUqkrH o
I nf jrefrmhajray:wGif 'kw,
d tBudrjf zpfonf/
a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ aetdrfNcH0if;twGif; awGUqkHyGJonf orkdif;0if
orkid ;f wGiaf eYvnf; jzpfonf/ tar&duefoH ;Hk onf owif;,l&ef owif;
Xmersm;xHrS tcsuftvufawmif;cHcJhNyD; tuefYtowfjzifh cGifhjyKcJhjcif;
jzpfonf/ owif;orm;rsm;onf rdrdxH Reply jyefvkyfxm;aom Gmail
ukd Print xkwfum &efukef urmat;bk&m;vrf; qD'dk;em;[kdw,fwGif
2014 Ekd0ifbm 14 &ufaeY 9 em&Dta&mufowif;ykdYMu&NyD; 9 em&D
30 aemufqkH;xm; pdppfjcif;jzpfonf/ jynfwGif;owif;orm;rsm;ESifh
jynfyowif;orm;rsm;onf eHeuf 10 em&DwGif &efukef qD'kd;em;[dk
w,frS toifhpDpOfay;xm;aom um;wpfpD;ESifh &efukefwuokdvf&dyfom
vrf;&Sd a':atmifqef;pkMunfNcHodkY oGm;Mu&jcif;jzpfonf/
wuokdvf&dyfomvrf;ukd vkHNcKHa&;rsm;u wif;MuyfpGmydwfqkdxm;
onfukdvnf; awGUjrif&onf/ xkdtcsdefwGif tar&dueforwBuD;
bm;&uftkdbm;rm;onf aejynfawmfrSwpfqifh &efukefavqdyfodkY
a&muf&SdvmcJhNyD; &efukeftwGif; 0efkH;(,cif0efBuDrsm;kH;a[mif;)okdY
oGm;a&mufaeNyDjzpfonf/ rnfonfh Ekid if w
H umrS orwrsm; pdwrf 0ifpm;
cJhMuaom oGm;a&mufavhr&Sdaom twGif;0efkH;a[mif;onf ukdvdkeDkH;
a[mif;jzpfum jrefrmwdkYtwGuf orkdif; 0ifkH;a[mif;BuD;vnf;jzpfonf/
xkdkH;BuD;wGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wkdY usqkH;cJh&jcif;jzpfonf/ tar&duef
orw vmMunfhrnfqkdonfhowif;rsm; ysHUvGifhNyD;aemuf xkdkH;a[mif;
BuD;wGif ta&;ay:oefY&Sif;a&;? vkHNcKHa&;rsm; awGUvm&jcif;jzpfonf/
tcsKdUaom owif;orm;rsm;u avqdyfESifh twGif;0efkH;a[mif;okdY oGm;
a&mufowif;,laeMujcif;jzpfonf/
a':atmifqef;pkMunfaetdrfNcH0if;twGif;odkY 0ifa&mufonfhtcg
tar&duefvkHNcKHa&;wyfzGJU0ifrsm;\ txyfxyfppfaq;rIrsm;ukd cH,lMu&
"mwfykH - apmzdk;cGm;
&efukef Edk0ifbm (14)
trsdK;om;ynma&;Oya'udk uefYuGufoydwfarSmufjcif;tm; pwifNyDvdkY Edk0ifbm (14)&ufaeYu ausmif;om;awGu ajymvdkufygw,f/ tJh'DaeYu &efukefNrdKUawmfcef;ra&SUrSm EdkifiHvHk;uRwfausmif;om;or*0ifausmif;om;
ta,muf(200)ausmfu ausmif;om;or*tvHawG udik af qmifNyD;carmufawGaqmif;vdYk a<u;aMumfoaH wGeYJ vSnv
hf nfqEjycJMh uygw,f/ ausmif;om;awGu trsdK;om;ynma&; Oya'udk vufrcHbv
J ;kH 0 qefu
Y sifNyD;ausmif;om;ESihf
jynfoludktajccHwJh 'Drdkua&pDynma&;Oya'udkomvdkvm;aMumif; awmif;qdkaMuG;aMumfcJhwmyg/ vuf&SdtrsdK;om;ynma&;Oya'rSm ausmif;rsm;twGif; ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;vGwfvyfpGmzGJUpnf;cGifhr&Sdwmudkvnf;
axmufjycJhMuygw,f/ oydwfarSmufqEjy&mrSm a&SUqHk;uoydwfudkarSmufNyD; udkifaqmifcJholwpfOD;jzpfwJhrHk&Gm wuodkvfausmif;om;or*0if udkuGef;ausmfu ]]'DaeYupNyD;uRefawmfwdkYoydwfparSmufNyD? b,faeYxd&,fvdkYawmh
owfrSwfxm;wmr&Sdygbl;? aemufqHk;txdvkyfaqmifoGm;rSmyg/ aeYwdkif;vkyfrSm? ae&meJY tcsdefawmhtwdtus rajymEdkifygbl;}}vdkYajymygw,f/ wpfEdkifiHvHk;uausmif;om;or*0ifawGu EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;
apmzdk;cGm;
xkta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;rSmyl;aygif;oGm;Muwmyg/ tpnf;ta0;udk Edk0ifbm (12)&ufeJY (13)&uf ESpf&ufwdkifwdkifusif;ycJhNyD; tckvdkausmif;om;oydwfpwifzdkYqHk;jzwfcJhwmvnf;jzpfygw,f/
Renzo Piano
Zaha Hatid
Norman Foster
Stavro Blofeld
220
1.2
2.1
4.5
bDvD,rf
x&DvD,rf
x&DvD,rf
x&DvD,rf
Norah Jones
Taylor swift
Katie Melua
Kylie Minogue
Porto-Novo
Ouagadougou
Niame
Bamako
Mitch
Nancy
Harry
Kevin
Mc Connell
Pelosi
Reid
Mc Carthy
Liechten Stein
Andorra
Monaco
Luxembourg
M Night Shyamalan
Christopher Nolan
Duncan Jones
Danny Boyle
New York
Chicago
Los Angeles
Atlanta
teHYcHaumif;aom tar&duefacG;
onf w pf y wf & S m azG p l ; prf ; zd k Y pd w f 0 if p m;w,f q d k & if j zif h vG , f v if h w ul & S m azG E k d i f M urS m ygaemf /
1/ arsmuf 2/ <uuf 3/ tvHEpS cf k 4/ tdrf 5/ iSuf 6/ xGuaf ygufoauFw 7/ Amvifwikd ;f 8/ jrif;ysH 9/ ajymif;zl; 10/ av,mOfysH
&wem
]]vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fodkY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuonf
rsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wifNyD;oumv ..}}
. [kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuygAsm/
bmrsm; odcsifygvdrAhf sm/ ky&f iS t
f pnf;tk;H tu,f'rDeYJ ywfoufvYdk
toH AvHawG Mum;ae&wJh udpv
m;? [kwu
f hJ tJonfu
h pd e YJ ywfoufvYdk
kyf&Siftpnf;tkH;Ou|BuD; OD;vlrif; pme,fZif;awGukd w&m;0if&Sif;vif;
xm;wmav;&Sdygw,fAs/ kyf&Siftpnf;tkH;cef;rrSmygyJ/ tJonfhtoH
zkid af v;em;axmifMunf&h if tqifajyr,fxifygw,fAsm/ [kwu
f hJ [kwu
f hJ
tcsdefawmhenf;enf;ay;NyD; em;axmifMunfhapcsifygw,fAsm/
OD ; vl r if ;
tm;vHk;yJ r*Fvmyg/ raeYurS uyfNyD; pDpOfvkduf&wJhtwGuf tckvdk
pHkpHkvifvif wufa&mufvmay;wJhtwGuf uGsefawmf tm;vnf;Sdygw,f/
aus;Zl;vnf;wifygw,f/ yxrwke;f uawmh uGsefawmft
h aeeJY pme,fZif;
Sif;vif;yGJukd uGsefawmfwdkYtu,f'rDyGJ usif;ya&;tzGJU? kyfSiftpnf;tHk;
tzGJUawGeJY &efukefwdkif;tpdk;&tzGJUawGUqHkNyD;rS uRefawmf pme,fZif;Sif;
vif;yGJukdvkyfzdkY yxrtaeeJY uGsefawmf&nfG,fxm;jcif; jzpfygw,f/
'grSvnf; uGsefawmfhbufu tcsuftvufawG wdwdusus ckdifcdkifvHkvHk
ykdNyD;awmh tao;pdwfSif;jyEdkifvdrfhr,fvdkY ,lqNyD;awmh pme,fZif;
Si;f vif;yGu
J dk tJ't
D csdeu
f srS vkyzf Ydk uGsefawmf BuH,
G x
f m;wm jzpfygw,f/
'gayr,fh tckvdktm;csif;vkyfvdkuf&wmuawmh uGsefawmfwdkY 'Dtu,f
'rDay;yGJeJYywfoufNyD; uGsefawmfwdkYbufu owif;xkwfjyefrIaESmifhaES;
MuefYMumaer,fqdk&if 'DMum;xJrSm 'DaeYwdk;wufaewJh qdkS,frD'D,m
BuD;xJrSm rvdkvm;tyfwJh a0zefajymqdka&;om;rIawGaMumifh uGsefawmfwdkY
avmuom;tcsif;csif; y&dowfawGMum;rSm? rD'D,meJY uGsefawmfwdkYkyfSif
tEkynmSifawG&JUtpnf;tHk;Mum;rSm rvdkvm;tyfwJh txiftjrifvGJrSm;
rIawG jzpfvmEdik w
f t
hJ wGuf uGseaf wmftm;csi;f yJ 'DaeYtcsed t
f xd a&mufadS e
wJhtqifhtxd tajctaeav;ukd uGsefawmfSif;jyzdkY zdwfrEujyKvkduf&
jcif;jzpfygw,f/ qdkvdkwmu 'DfaeY[m uGsefawmfwdkYavmutwGuf ordkif;
0ifr,fh rSwfwdkifwpfckjzpfwJh uGsefawmfwdkYavmuom;awGtwGuf xl;cGsef
qkcsD;jrSifhyGJukd jrefrmEdkifiHkyfSiftpnf;tHk;u yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf OD;pD;OD;
aqmifjyKvkyfNyD; usif;y&wJhyGJjzpfwJhtwGuf Ou|vlrif;twGuf r[kwfyg
bl;/ jrefrmEdkifiHkyfSiftpnf;tHk;twGuf r[kwfygbl;/ 'DtrIaqmifawG
twGuf r[kwfygbl;/ armifjzLvkyfygap? armifeDvkyfygap odumw&m;eJY
ordkif;aMumif;u uGsefawmfwdkYtEkynmavmutwGuf jzpfygw,f/
tifrwefta&;BuD;ygw,f/
tJ'gaMumifh uGsefawmfhtaeeJY Mum;xJrSm uGsefawmfhbufu owif;
xkwfjyefay;rI aESmifhaES;MuefYMumaer,fqdk&if wduscdkifvHka&&mjcif;rSdwJh
owif;pum;awGeYJ acgif;pOfwifjyKNyD;awmh a&;om;a0zefraI wG 0ifvmwJh
tcg uGseaf wmf raeYwpfaeYu awmfawmfyJ wkev
f yI o
f mG ;ygw,f/ bmjzpfvYkd
vJqakd wmh ckeuuRefawmfajymovdk uGsefawmft
h wGuv
f nf; r[kwyf gbl;/
uGsefawmfwdkYavmuwpfckvHk;&JUodum? uRefawmfwdkYa vmuwpfckvHk;&JU
rsufESmaygh/ tJ'DrsufESmukd tdk;rnf;okwfovdkrjzpfzdkY? tcsif;csif;
pdwf0rf;ruGJzdkY rvdkvm;tyfwJh tajctjrpfrSdwJhowif;pum;tay:rSm
csJUum;NyD;awmh ajymqdka&;om;a0zefrIawGaMumifh ukd,fhavmuom;
tcsif;csif; pdwf0rf;awGruGJMuzdkY uGsefawmfu tcsdefrD aqG;aEG;&jcif;
jzpfygw,f/
tJ'Dawmh tu,f'rDeJYywfouf&if uGsefawmfwdkY raeYwpfaeYurS
pNyD;awmh aqmifu
G jf cif;r[kwyf gbl;/ uGsefawmfwYkd {NyDrwdik cf ifuwnf;u
BudKwifjyifqifzt
Ykd wGuf jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme? jrefrmhyk f iS v
f yk if ef;uae
tu,f'rDeJYywfoufwJh pmGufpmwrf;awG? vkyfaqmifrItcef;u@
tm;vH;k ukd uGsefawmfwu
Ykd dk vTaJ jymif;ykx
Yd m;ygw,f/ tJ'aD wmh uGsefawmfwYkd
oBuFerf wdik cf if (8) &ufaeYuwnf;u uGsefawmfw&Ykd UJ (4^2014) yHrk eS t
f rI
aqmiftpnf;ta0;rSm tu,f'rDeJYywfoufNyD; uGsefawmfwdkYwawG
aqmifGufMuzdkYqdkNyD;awmh oBuFefrwdkifcifuwnf;u yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf
trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;rSm aqG;aEG;cJhygw,f/
tJ'gNyD;awmh ZGefv (3) &ufrSm tu,f'rDeJYywfoufNyD;awmh
yxrOD;qH;k 'Datmufxyfu cef;rBuD;rSm 'Dupme,fZif;q&m? q&mrrsm;
vnf; wufa&mufMuygw,f/ em,uBuD;rsm;vnf; wufa&mufygw,f/
uGsefawmfw,
Ykd cifOu|a[mif; OD;Zif0ikd ;f vnf; wufa&mufygw,f/ ynm
SifBuD;awG? tEkynmSif? twwfynmSifBuD;awG tukefvHk;wufa&muf
NyD;rS kyfSiftpnf;tHk;u OD;pD;usif;ywJhtu,f'rDukd b,fvdkb,fyHk
usif;yMurvJ? tuJjzwfpdppfa&;tzGJUawGukd ESpfqifhxm;Sdr,f? oHk;qifh
xm;Sdr,f ponfjzifh uGsefawmfwdkY ZGefv (3) &ufaeYuae pNyD;awmh
aqG;aEG;cJhwmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'DvdkaqG;aEG;NyD;awmh uGsefawmfwdkY (7)
&ufaeYrSmyJ 'Dtu,f'rDtpnf;ta0;ukd uGsefawmfwdkYaqG;aEG;NyD;awmh
tu,f'rDpdppftuJjzwfjcif;eJY tu,f'rDyGJusif;yjcif; em,uBuD;rsm;ukd
bbAdkvfuav;wifhatmif? bbOD;pdefwifeJY 'DutpfukdBuD; OD;GefY0if;
wdu
Yk kd em,uBuD;rsm;tjzpf xm;SNd yD;awmh A[dpk rD cH efcY aJG &;aumfrwDtaeeJY
OD;pdk;rdk;? OD;ESif;rdk;? OD;atmifjrifhjrwf? OD;atmifvGif? OD;Munfpdk;xGef;pwJh
em,uBuD;rsm;eJYaqmifGufNyD; uGsefawmfu twGif;a&;rSL;? OD;pdk;rdk;u
Ou|tjzpf aqmifGufNyD; uGsefawmfwkdY&JU Ou|? 'k-Ou|? twGif;a&;rSL;
tzGJU0ifrsm;eJY A[dkpDrHcefYcGJa&;/ pDrHcefYcGJa&;tzGJUuawmh uGsefawmfwdkY
kyfSiftpnf;tHktrIaqmifem,ursm;qdkNyD; ZGefv (7) &ufrSm pwifzGJU
pnf;NyD;awmh aqmifGufcJhwmjzpfygw,f/
ZGev
f (7) &ufrmS aqmifu
G Nf yD;awmh ZGev
f (17) &ufrmS tu,f'rD
A[dkOD;pD;aumfrwDtzGJUtpnf;&JUtpnf;ta0;ukd yxrOD;qHk; pwifac:NyD;
awmh 'D t uJ j zwf t zG J U rS m yxrtqif h r S m b,f o l a wG x m;r,f ?
'kwd,tqifhrSm b,folawGxm;r,fqdkNyD;awmh pwifzGJUpnf;NyD;awmh
tu,f'rDppd pfujJ zwfjcif;qdw
k u
hJ pd a wGudk aqmifu
G cf yhJ gw,f/ ZGev
f NyD;
awmh Mo*kwfv (4) &ufrSm tuJjzwftzGJUrS 'kwd,tqifhjzpfwJh yg0ifwJh
qHawmf&iS u
f sKu
d x
f ;D k;d apwDawmfjrwfBu;D atmuf&dS
a&wHceG u
f dk ajreDrsm;azmufcsojzifU
a&wHceG t
f eD;aps;a&mif;csaeolrsm;
pkaygi;f vufrw
S af &;xd;k um a8gyutzGo
YJ w
khd idk w
f ef;
10
*,ufdkufcwf
jrefrmrD',
D ma&SaY ersm; uGe&f ufaqG;aEG;yGu
J si;f y
15-11-2014 &ufaeY eHeuf 9 em&Du &efukefNrdKU usKH;BuD;vrf;?
yk*Htdrf,m? trSwf 7(B) 107 wGif Centre For Law and Democracy
(CLD) ESifh jrefrmrD'D,ma&SUaersm;uGef&uf(MMLN) wkdY\ wwd,
tBudrfajrmufaqG;aEG;yGJusif;yonf/
,if;aqG;aEG;yGJwGif jrefrmEkdifiHa&SUaersm;uGef&ufrS w&m;vTwfawmf
a&SUaeOD;odef;oef;OD;u ]]kyfoHrD'D,m}}Oya'Murf;ESifhywfoufwmukd
aqG;aEG;wifjyNyD; w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaeOD;ausmfvif;u ,lewD*sme,f
udprS Oya'ynm&Sif rdkufu,fu EkdifiHwumpHEl;rsm;? owif;vGwfvyf
cGifh? vGwfvyfpGmowif;&,lykdifcGifhwkdYukd aqG;aEG;onf/
rGef;vGJykdif;wGif w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaeOD;atmifpkd;OD;ESifh OD;oef;aZmf
wkdYu (MMLN) \ zGJUpnf;ykHrlMurf;ykdjyifqifjznfhpGufaqG;aEG;NyD; twnf
wmaum'D
jyKcJhMuonf/
11
12
1/ udkatmifausmfEkdif(c)udkygBuD;
(tvGwfowif;axmuf)\ rdom;pk
vuf & S d E k d i f i H a &;tusOf ; om;rsm;jzpf M uonf h
1/ OD;pdefoef; (wuf<uvIyf&Sm;ol)
2/ udkausmfrif;cdkif(c)udkaZmfrif;
3 odef;
2 odef;?
2 odef;
(Bi rGef;wnfhae*sme,f)
3/ udk,Ofrif;xGef;(c)jrifhjrwf
2 odef;
(Bi rGef;wnfhae*sme,f)
4/ udkrif;0ef(c)ausmfaZm[def;)
2 odef;
(Bi rGef;wnfhae*sme,f)
5/ udk0if;wif(c)aZmf[def;
2 odef;
(Bi rGef;wnfhae*sme,f)
6/ udkatmifcefY(c)ol&aZmf
2 odef;
(Bi rGef;wnfhae*sme,f)
Ek d i f i H a &;tusOf ; om;a[mif ; rsm;ES i f h b0wl p me,f Z if ; orm;rsm;
1/ OD;oef;(udkoef;-Munfhjrifwdkif)(88 ESpf)
2 odef;
2/ OD;apm (81 ESpf) A[ef;
2 odef;
3/ OD;atmifodef; (80 ESpf) omauw
2 odef;
4/ OD;xGef; (80 ESpf) oydwfusOf;
2 odef;
5/ OD;vSacgif (77 ESpf) acsmuf
2 odef;
6/ OD;&mjrifh (74 ESpf) acsmuf
2 odef;
7/ OD;a&Tatmif (74 ESpf) rEav;
2 odef;
8/ OD;at;aqG (71 ESpf) yJcl;
2 odef;
9/ Ekdifrif;Munf (70 ESpf) yJcl;
2 odef;
10/ OD;jrifhodef; (65 ESpf) jyifOD;vGif
2 odef;
Book Corner
[Hom0wDOD;0if;wifazmifa';&Sif;&moufyef&yfwnfEkdifa&;twGuf
&efykHaiGtjzpf rEav;uAsmq&mrsm;OD;aqmifum ArmEkdifiHuAsmq&m
rsm;rS *g&0jyKvSL'gef;onf[k qkdonf/ oHrPdvdyfjymESifhywfouf
pHndrf;OD;u zGifhqkd&mwGif
]]jrefrmjynfrSm EkdifiHa&;vkyfawmhr,fqdkuwnf;u ppftmPm&Sif
awGeJY &ifqdkif&r,fqdkwm uRefawmfwdkY BudKwifwGufqxm;&r,f/ tm
Pm&Sifudk yvifay:uqGJcswJhtcg tqifroifh&if toufawmif ay;
csif ay;&vdrfhr,fqdkwmvnf; uRefawmfwdkY jrifxm;zdkYvdkygw,f/ uRef
awmfwdkYacwfrSm uRefawmfwdkY wm0efraus&if aemufvmr,fh rsKd;quf
awGu uRefawmfwdkYudk tjypfwifp&mjzpfvdrfhr,f/ tenf;qHk; aemuf
wufvmr,fhvli,frsKd;qufudk vGwfvyfa&;eJY w&m;rQwa&;twGuf
b,fvrf;udkavQmuf&r,fqdkwmavmufawmh pHerlemjyEkdif&r,f/ uRef
awmfwdkYudk,fwdkif tvHrvSJpwrf; pGefYvTwfpGefYpm;jyEkdifrS aemufvli,f
rsKd;qufuvnf; 'DtvHudk qufvufpGJudkifcsDwufMurSmjzpfw,f/ 'g
aMumifh uRefawmfwdkYtaeeJY ppf0g'vTrf;rkd;a&;'eudk tjrpfuvSefEkdif
zdkY 'DyGJrSm tvHrvSJpwrf; ,HkMunfcsufudk NrJNrJqkyfudkifxm;MuzdkY vdkyg
w,f}} ([H o m0wD O D ; 0if ; wif )
1/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;wdkif;rSm udk,f&yfwnf&me,fy,fuae avmueJY
vlom;twGuf trsm;twGuf tusKd;jzpfxGef;&mjzpfxGef;aMumif;? aumif;
&maumif;usKd;aqmif&GufoGm;olrsm;udk *kPfjyKMuwm? trSwfw&&SdMu
wm? EIwfuae woo>rufqdkMuwm[mqdk&if urmeJYwpf0Srf; ,Ofaus;
rIwpfckyrmyg/
2/ uRefawmfwdkY ArmhvlYtzGJUtpnf;rSmvnf; vlausmfvlarmfawG
txifu&xGufay:cJhovdk olwdkYudk rarhavsmhbJ *kPfjyKtodtrSwfjyK
Muwm[m tifrwefavQmfuefwJh aus;Zl;qyfrIwpfrsKd;vdkY ,lqygw,f/
Oyrm-EkdifiHa&;e,fy,fuqdkvQif ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;? OD;0dpm&? OD;Owr?
udkA[def;? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;? ociftkef;jrifh? avxD;OD;tkef;armif?
AdkvfrSL;csKyfausmfaZm? udkzkef;armfeJY udkpdk;Ekdif? qvdkif;wifarmifOD;? r0if;
armfOD; ponfjzifhayghav/ tckvnf; ArmjynfppftmPm&Sifpepfudk
a&SUuae tvHrvSJpwrf; tefwkwdkufyGJ0if&if; rm;rm;rwfrwf&yfcJhol
oef;0if;vdiI f
OD;cifGefh odkhr[kwf &ufpufrItaygif;
o&zlaqmif;cJo
U l
tck-oHrPdMu,fjymygyJ/
3/ 'DpmtkyfjzpfajrmufzdkY&mrSm uAsmq&mrsm;&JU *g&0w&m;? apwem
eJY vHkYvxnfh0ifrIrygbJ jzpfvmzdkY rvG,fygbl;/ uAsmudpeJYywfouf
vm&if tcsdefra&G;tqifoifhjzpfaewwfwJh udkcifarmifEkdifOD;? udkydwf
(Ekdif;Ekdif)eJY tJ'DvdkygyJ tjcm;aomrdwfaqGrsm;? uAsmq&mrsm;&JU [Hom
0wDOD;0if;wif tay:xm;&SdwJh rGefjrwfwJhapwemvIHYaqmfrI[mvnf;
ta&;BuD;vSygw,f/ uAsmawGudkwnfNyD; vufcHay;MuwJh? pkpnf;ay;
MuwJh udkxuf(a&OD;)? xGPf;aoG;tdrf? rif;e'Dc? armifEkdifvif;(aum
vif;) tp&SdwJh rEav;uAsmq&mrsm;? tGefvdkif;rSwpfqifh uAsmrsm;
ay;ydkYay;wJh &Jabmf? rdwfaqG? q&morm;? uAsmq&mrsm;? uAsmacgif;
pOfudk pmtkyfrSm toHk;jyKcGifhay;wJh armifrdIif;vGif(tif;0)wdkYudkvnf;
trSwfom;jyKtyfygw,f/ txl;aus;Zl;armfuGef;jyK&rSmuawmh [Hom
0wDOD;0if;wiftay: ESvHk;onf;yGwfjzifh MunfndKav;pm;&if;vnf;&Sdum
'DpmtkyfxGuf&SdEkdifa&;twGuf tvHk;pHkaom ulnDrIudkay;aom? yHhydk;wm
0ef,lay;aom yef;csDq&m OD;rsKd;cif(xef;&dyfndK)yJjzpfygw,f/ aemuf
rarhravsmh aus;Zl;qdkcsifwmuawmh tGefvdkif;rdwfaqGudkaZmf0if;eJY
pmtkyftzHk;rSm toHk;jyKxm;wJh yef;ykzefwD;ol Jim Me Nalis eJY tzHk;
pmvHk;'DZdkif;a&;ay;wJh umwGef;bDndK? twGif;yHkvuf&m&Sif q&mrif;ausmf
cdkifwdkYyJ jzpfygw,f/
4/ pum;csyftm;jzifhqdkcsifwmuawmh uAsmq&mrsm;&JU trnfpOf
yHkeJY ywfoufNyD; qdkcsifwmyg/ tu&m0vdpOfr[kwfyg/ twwfEkdifqHk;
0gpOftvdkufpOfaomfjim; tcsdefeJY tajctaetcuftcJaMumifh aemuf
ydkif;wGif oifhawmfovdk pOfxm;&rIrsm;&Sdygw,f/ tvGJrsm;&SdcJhaomf em;
vnfay;Mur,fvdkYvnf; ,lqygw,f/
([Hom0wDOD;0if;wifpdwf"mwft"GefY&Snfygap)
([Hom0wDOD;0if;wifazmifa';&Sif;t"GefY&Snfygap)
av;pm;pG m
rE a v;uAsmq&mrsm;ud k , f p m;
pHndrf;OD;
[l azmf j yxm;onf /
armifrdIif;vGif(tif;0)
aEGOD;iSuf&JUtdyfwef;jyef
uAsmq&marmifrdIif;vGif(tif;0)xHrS &JabmfjrwfcdkiftwGuf[kqdk
um uAsmpmtkyfwpftkyf vufcH&&Sdonf/ onfhtwGuf &JabmfBuD;
q&marmifriId ;f vGi(f tif;0)udk aus;Zl;wifygonf/ uAsmpmtkyu
f kd aZ,swk
pmtkyfxkwfvkyfa&;rS xkwfa0jcif;jzpfonf/ rsufESmzHk;yef;csD rkwfokef
Cover San Nyein Oo [k qdkonf/ jzefYcsdonfu ESpfumvrsm; pmtkyf
wdkuf/ uAsmq&mu ol\pmtkyfESifhywfouf urmBuD;&JU ESvHk;om;
bPfwdkufudk uAsmaomhESifhzGifhMupdkY[k qdkxm;onf/
urmBuD;&JU ESvHk;om;bPfwdkufudk uAsmaomhESifhzGifhMupdkY
(1)
dk;om;rIudk aomufvdkuf&wJh
0rf;ajrmufrIyDwdxuf
b,ftm[m&udkrS uRefawmf rwyfrufygbl;/
(azmf a 0; psmye urf ; ,yf a wmif p m ...rS )
(2)
'kwd,urmppftwGif;rSm AdkvfrSL;wpfa,mufajymwmudk uRefr zwf
zl;ygw,f/ ppfjzpfvdkY t&yfom;awG ppfxJ0if&wJhtcg olxifwmu
ppf o m;aumif ; jzpf r ,f h v l q d k w m ...aqmuf v k y f a &;wwf o l a wG
odkYr[kwf tvkyfMurf;Murf;eJY tuRrf;0ifolawGjzpfr,fvdkY xifcJhrdowJh/
'gayr,fh wu,fvnf;usa&m uAsmq&mawGu tm;upm;orm;awG
tif*sifeD,mawGxufydkNyD; ppfom;aumif;jzpfaewmudk awGU&w,fvdkY
qdkw,f/ tE&m,ftrsm;qHk; wm0efawGtwGif;rSm ol odyfudk tm;xm;
,HkMunfcJh&olawG[m uAsmq&mawGygyJwJh/
'DvdkeJY olu aemufqHk;rSm tawmfqHk;ppfom;rSm t&nftcsif;
oHk;&yf&Sdw,fvdkY vufcHvdkufygw,f/ avhusifhxm;wJh pdwf"mwfwpfck
&,f? qif;&Jyifyef;rI'kuudk onf;cHEkdifpGrf;&nf? [momPf&nf &Sd&
r,fvdkYygyJ/ [momPf&SdzdkYu odyfta&;BuD;w,faemf/
(a':atmifqef;pkMunf qef;[wfppfwuodkvf ajymMum;onfh
rdefYcGef;aumufEkwfcsuf)
(3)
uRefawmf[m pmul;pufuAsmacwf (rkd;a0vGefacwf)rSm vljzpfvm
&olyg/ 80 jynfhvGefESpf/ ]tif;0*kPf&nf} ...rSm (udk)MunfatmifESifh
awGUawmh ...]]rif; ...uAsmb,fESpfyk'fygcJhvJ}}...wJh/ ]]Mum;xJ
vrf;rSm aysmufukefw,fAsm}}qdkawmh ...]]pm&Gufr&Sd? abmyifr&Sdvnf;
pdwfESifha&;wm usifhprf;yguGm/ igh ...]]trSwfonmw&m;}}...[m
pdwfESifha&;? pdwfESifhusufNyD; xkwfcJhwmuG/ wvmpD&if rrdbl; ...}}wJh/
'DuAsmawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m (udk)Munfatmifaus;Zl;ygyJ/
tarSmifacwf&JU ol&Jaumif;jywdkufxJu ykavGoHwcsKdUyg/
(4)
eH&HawGxJrSm pmtdk;wGJvnf;jzpfcJhwJh &Jabmfudka&Tarmifudkawmh 'D
]]aEGOD;iSuf&JU tdyfwef;jyef}}jzpfzdkY&mrSm txl;aus;Zl;wifaMumif;vnf;
qdkcsifygw,f/
armif r d I i f ; vG i f ( tif ; 0)
uAsmq&m\ udk,fa&;tusOf;udkvnf; azmfjyxm;onf/ azmfa0;?
tkef;jrifhvdIif? cif0rf;? tOvDarmifarmif? OD;0if;wifwdkYudkvnf; *kPfjyK
xm;onf/
rdIif;o&PH*pmrd
wdkif; eb,Htjypftemr&SdapbdkY
vdIif; txefxef tepfemxdayr,fh
udkif; temcH opmwynfhwdkY&JU
rdIif; o&PH *pmrdMupdkYuGJU/ /
[laom uAsmu vGrf;zG,fjzpfonf/
tajzrS e f r sm;
(1) Zaha Hatid
(2) 4.5 x&DvD,rf
(3) Katie Melua
(4) Ouagadougou
(5) Mitch Mc Connell
(6) Luxembourg
(7) Christopher Nolan
(8) New York
(9) The Temple Mount
(10) The Force Awakens
13
vufonf;ukd qd&ifv
vufxdyfu ]em}/
trsKd;ukd xd&ify
rcsdatmif ]em}/
usD;wpfaumif aoovkdyg?
0kdif;tkHum atmftmMu/
rat ..awG
az ..awG
armifawG ..igawG okH;ygvkdY
trkef;urm &efp /
/
Feel
jrif h O D ; OD ; jrifh
,cifwpfywfrS tquf
14
qufvufazmfjyygrnf
15
&JU tjzpf
16
wevFmom;orD;taygif;wdkYonf
cspfjcif;w&m;udk ae&mwum a&SU
wef;rwiftyf&m/ ckw&f mwvG&J &S mwjcm;
tvGJvGJ trSm;rSm;jzpfzG,fjrifonf/ cspfolcifolrsm;
aeonfhMum;rS rvdkrkef;xm;vlrkef;rsm;zG,fvnf;&SdEdkif
aumif;onf/ a&jcm;ajrjcm;c&D;a0;oGm;&onfqdkvQif
oifuHaumif;NyD[krSwfyg/ tdrfwGif;a&; rIyfaxG;yg
apESifh/ pD;yGm;ysufudef;udka&SmifMuOfyg/ xDxdk;vdkaomf
8 tp 8tqHk;udka&G;cs,f&efoifhonf/ usef;rma&;
rqdk;/
,Mwmajcvdkaomf- ZD;oD;tpdrf;oufaphuyfvSL
yg/
taqmifjyKvdkaomf- ol&oDr,fawmfkyfwk
tm;a&Tydef;cs taqmifjyKvdkufygav/
t*F g om;orD ; taygif ; wd k Y o nf
aomMuma&aMumif;roGm;aumif;
qdkonfh pum;ry,f&Sm;oifhacs/ a&TxGuf
rnfht&yfudk rsufESmrlrdvsufom;jzpfaewwfonf/
twGuftcsufcsdefcGifvQmrxGufoifh/ bmyJvkyfvkyf
pOf;pm;vGef;yg rSwefumusrnfhumv[kvnf; qkdEdkif
onf/ tcspfa&;rSm pdwfat;zG,f&mrjrif/ qefYusif
buf v d i f r sm;ES i f h y wf o uf o nf h pd w f v I y f & S m ;wwf
vG,frIu oifhuHMurmudktajymif;tvJjzpfzG,fjrif
onf/ xDxdk;&efum; (1)tp(1)tqHk; udkxdk;&efjzpf
onf/ usef;rma&;rqdk;vS/
,Mwmajcvdkaomf- ig;&SOfhoufaphvTwfyg/
taqmifjyKvdkygu- bdk;bdk;atmifkyfwkudk
taqmifjyKygav/
Mumomyaw;om;orD;taygif;wdkY
onf
"m;ckwf&mvuf0ifrvQKdoifh/ olwpf
yg;tIyf udk,fhtxkyfjzpfzG,fudef;jrifonf/ ajredrfh&m
vSHESifh xdk;rnfholrsm;udk owdcsyfygav/ oifhaemuf
ausmudk"m;ESifhxdk;rnfholrsm;tm; jrifwwf&efvdkonf/
vlcspfvlcifrsm;rIu oifhvkyfief;rsm;udk wdk;wuf
atmifjrifzG,f&Sdrnf/ pkwf0ifrnfhta&;vmbfvmb
aMumifh aES;auG;aewwfO;D rnf/ a&Txu
G rf nf/ taygif
tES?H tacs;tiSm;udp acsmufuswwfonf/ xDx;kd &ef
um; (4)tp(8)tqHk;udka&G;cs,f&efjzpfonf/ usef;rm
a&;enf;enf;yg;yg;nHhonf/
,Mwmajcvdkaomf- ig;arT xdk; oufaphvTwfum
vdk&mqkyefyg/
taqmif j yK&ef u m;- bd k ; rif ; acgif k y f w k t m;
aqmif&efwnf;/
aomMumom;orD;taygif;wdkYonf
a&vrf;c&D;txl;*kjyK&efwnf;/
tdref ;D em;jcif;wpfO;D u oift
h m;rvdrk ek ;f xm;
&efrD;yGm;ae wwfrnf/ oifhtcspfa&;vnf; Mum;av
aoG; [dk;ta0;BuD;okdY vGifharsmysufjy,foGm;zG,f
jrifonf/ c&D;,m,DxGuf&efudef;jrifonf/ taemuf
t&yfudkawmhjzifh rvGJraoGa&SmifMuOfygav/ xDxdk;vdk
aomf (3)tp (6)tqHk;xdk;yg/ usef;rma&;um; txl;
*kpdkuf&efwnf;/
,Mwmajcvdkaomf- ,kefoufaphvTwfumuk
odkvf,lyg/
taqmifjyK&efum;- &[EmyHkawmftm; aqmif
&efwnf;/
Ak'[l;om;orD;taygif;wdkYonf
tIyftaxG;rsm;Mum;rSmuif;atmif
&Sif;atmifvkyfyg/ olwpfyg;"m;ckwf&m
vuf0ifrvQdKoifyh g/ vlemwpfO;D a&mufvmonf&aSd omf
aocsmpGm*kpdkufjyKpkay;yg/ bmomw&m;udkif;dIif;
wwfow
l pfO;D u oifu
h t
kd usdK;jyKzG,jf rifonf/ a&a0;
ajrjcm;c&D;oGm;&zG,fjrifonf/ nOfYtdyfnOfYaec&D;oGm;
{nfhonfa&muf vwfaomfvufoifhrcH&m/ usef;rm
a&;*kpdkuf&efvdkonf/ xDxdk;vdku(9)*Pef;rqdk;yg/
,Mwmacsvkdaomf- arG;eHaxmifhwGif xD;jzLouf
aphuyfvSLumvdk&mqk,lyg/
taqmifjyKvkdaomf- ol&wDr,fawmfkyfwk
tm;aqmifyg/
paeom;orD ; taygif ; wd k Y o nf
cspfolESifh&SifuGJcGJ&rnfhudef;jrifonf/
ta0;a&muf rdwfaqGwpfOD;xHrSxl;jcm;
aompmwpfapmif vufcH&&dSzG,f&dSrnf/ ynm*kPfo
wif;xl;jcm;yGiv
fh if;zG,t
f usdK;ay;rnf/ rvdo
k al wGrsm;
jym;aomfvnf; &efenf;atmifa&Smifyg/ a&TEiS yhf wfouf
a&mif;rSm;0,frSm;jzpfwwfrnf/ ynm*kPfarmufol
wpfO;D ESiphf um; tajctwifjzpfz,
G jf rifonf/ xDx;kd vdk
aomf (5)*Pef;udkaqmifyg/ usef;rma&;rqdk;vS/
,Mwmacsvkdaomf- arG;eHaxmifhwGif ykodrfqef
wpfawmif; uyfvSLumvdk&mqk,lygav/
taqmifjyKvkdaomf- bdk;awmfodMum;rif;yHkawmf
tm; taqmifjyKyg/
(31)bHkom;rsm;Nidrf;at;csrf;ajrUw&m;awGUMuygap/
a'gufwm*rD&
&ef u k e f Ek d 0 if b m 14
Miss World Pageant 2014 udk vef'efwGif 2014 ckESpf Ekd0ifbm 20 &ufrS 'DZifbm 5 &uftxd
usif;yrnfjzpf&m jrefrmEkdifiHudk,fpm;jyK0ifNydKif&ef a&G;cs,fjcif;udkcHcJh&aom Miss Myanmar World 2014
tjzpf tvSr,f0dkif;av;u Ekd0ifbm 20 &ufwGif &efukefrS xGufcGm rnfjzpfaMumif; 2014 Ekd0ifbm 13
&uf &efukefNrdKU Chatrium Hotel jyKvkyfaom pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJwGif tvSr,f0dkif;av;uajymcJhonf/
]]tckavmavmq,frSm pdwfydkif;qdkif&m kyfydkif;qdkif&mawGudk avh vmjyifqifaeygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH
udk,fpm;jyK ifNydKif&eftwGuf *kPf,l0rf;ajrmufygw,f/ t&rf;udk wm0efvnf; BuD;ygw,f/ udk,f&nf udk,f
aoG; uRrf;usifrINydKifyGJeJYywfoufvdkY pE&m;oHk;rdepfpm wD;cwfjyrSmjzpfNyD; jrefrmh,Ofaus;rItuwpfckjzpfwJh
qDrD;cGuftuudk ujyoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ EkdifiHudk,fpm;jyKypnf;wpfckpDudk ,laqmifcGifh&SdNyD; tJ'Dypnf;rsm;udk
avvHtjzpf jyefvnfa&mif;csr,fhtpDtpOfrSmawmh ,Gef;xnfypnf;udk a&G;cs,fxm;ygw,f}}[k tvSr,f
0dkif;av;u ajymcJhonf/
tvSr,f0dkif;av;taejzifh xkdif;EkdifiHwGif tvSr,fESifhywfoufonfh taMumif;t&mrsm; oGm;a&muf
oifMum;cJhaMumif;? rdwfuyfydkif;qdkif&m avhusifhrIrsm;udk rdwfuyfvif;vif; (Artist)u oifMum;ay;cJh aMumif;?
xdkNydKifyGJwGif ,SOfNydKifrnfh EdkifiHudk,fpm;jyK0wfpHkudk 'DZdkif;emrrOLu pDpOfay;xm;NyD; naecif;0wfpHkESifh
NydKifyGJwGif yg0ifvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif 0wfqif&ef0wfpHkrsm;udk rkd;ukwfaygufaygufu csKyfay;xm;aMumif; od&onf/
pdk;pHxdkuf
&ef u k e f Ek d 0 if b m 10
awmifudk&D;,m;EkdifiH\ Seo Kyeong University ESifh STI Myanmar University wdkY yl;aygif;
zGifhvSpfaom Bachelor of Beauty Art Program \
Electrical Facial Treatment bmom&yfudk oifMum;
a&;rSL; Ms Nuri Jun rS vufawGUrdwfqufjyoonfh
tcrf;tem;udk 2014 ckESpf Ekd0ifbm 10 &ufaeYwGif
&efukefNrdKU? a&TbHkomvrf;tay:bavmuf&Sd STI
Myanmar University (SBT) jyKvkyfcJhonf/
STI Myanmar University taejzifh Certificate
In Hair Design ESifh Certificate in Beauty Therapy
oifwef;rsm;zGifhvSpfxm;ygaMumif;?
SKU wuodkvf\ oifdk;Tef;wrf;
rsm;? ygarmursm;? Lab Facility
rsm;ESifh oifMum;ay;NyD; owfrSwf
xm;aom Credit jynf h r D y gu
Bachelor of Beauty Art bGJUtxd
qufvufwufa&mufEkdifygaMumif;?
oifwef; NyD;qH;k ygu Beauty Salon
wpfcu
k kd ud,
k w
f ikd f zGiv
hf pS
f pDrcH efcY JG
Ekdifjcif;? atmifjrifonfh tvSzef
wD;rIqdkif&m pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif
17
[pfwdkifowif;*sme,f ESpfywfvnfNyD
'gdkufwmOD;Munfpdk;xGef;&JY tvSL
Photo-YOH
kyf&Sif 'g&dkufwmOD;Munfpdk;xGef;u ppfudkif;wdkif;? a&TbdkjrdKUe,f
ar*Gefaus;&GmrSm&SdwJh rlvwef;ausmif;u ausmif;om;? ausmif;olawG
vdktyfaewJh pma&;u&d,mawGudk Edk0ifbm(4)&ufaeYu oGm;a&muf
vSL'gef;cJyh gw,f/ OD;Munfp;kd xGe;f eJt
Y wl awmf0ifurk P
OD uX OD;udu
k akd xG;
vnf;vdkufygvSL'gef;cJhwmyg/ pmtkyfvSL'gef;yGJeJYtwlausmif; usef;rma&;
ynma&;a[majymyGJudkvnf; OD;Munfpdk;xGef;u pDpOfcJhygao;w,f/
EkdifiHa&;tajcjyKowif;*sme,frsm; tNydKiftqdkifxGufay:vmcsdef
wGif [pfwdkifowif;*sme,fonfvnf; toHus,favmifpGm xGufay:
vmcJhNyD; ,cktcg ESpfywfvnftxdrf;trSwftjzpf &efukef? jynfvrf;?
awmf0if*g;'if;[dkw,fwGif wcrf;wem; usif;yEkdifcJhNyDjzpfonf/
tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; okyfaqmif aAvk0rS aqmif
&Gucf NhJ yD; [pfwikd o
f wif;*sme,f\ em,uBuD;jzpfol q&maZmfaZmfatmif
rS jynfolY[pfwdkifr&Sdaomfvnf; [pfwdkifowif;*sme,fonf [pfwdkif
wdkifEkdifygapaMumif; ab;roD&efrcygapaMumif; qkawmif;pum;qdkcJh
onf/
xdaYk emuf [pfwikd o
f wif;*sme,f\ acgif;udik zf cifBuD; OD;udak v;(74)
rS [pfwdkifowif;*sme,fESifhywfouf trSmpum;ajymMum;cJhum wuf
a&mufvmolrsm;rS *kPfjyKpum;qdkcJhMuaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ tqdkyg
tcrf;tem;wGif q&mOD;udkav;(74)rS ola&;om;aom pmtkyf 2 tkyf
udk vSL'gef;onfh tpDtpOfvnf; yg0ifcJhNyD; aeYv,fpmjzifh wnfcif;
{nfhcHum aw;*Dwjzifh azsmfajzcJhaMumif;od&Sd&onf/ tqdkyg tcrf;
tem;odkY pmayt0ef;t0dkif;tjyif EkdifiHa&;t0ef;t0dkif; vlrIuGef&uf
t0ef;t0dkif;wdkYuvnf; wufa&muf*kPfjyKcJhMuaMumif; avhvmawGU&Sd
owif ; ES i f h " mwf y H k -YOH
&onf/
18
19
20
MPPE
pufoHk;qDa&mif;0,fa&;XmerS
&ef u k e f Ed k 0 if b m (11)
National Group of Company \ OuXjzpfol pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;&Sif OD;aX;atmif\trIESifhywfouf qdyfurf;NrdKUe,fw&m;Hk;
wGif Edk0ifbm(11)&uf reufydkif;u(7)Budrfajrmuf Hk;csdef;tjzpfHk;xkwf
ppfaq;cJh&m w&m;vdkbufrS w&m;vdkjyoufaotjzpf oufqdkif&mXme
rS vdjk youfaovma&muf xGuq
f Edk ikd jf cif;r&Sad Mumif;udk MPPE pufo;kH
qDa&mif;0,fa&;XmerS OD;pD;t&m&SdwpfOD;u vma&mufxGufqdkoGm;cJh
aMumif; od&onf/
pD ; yG m ;a&;vk y f i ef ; &S i f OD ; aX;atmif u d k (2001)ck E S p f t wG i f ; u
pufoHk;qDESifhpm;oHk;qD vGJrSm;pGmwifoGif;cJhonf[kqdkum oGif;ukef?xkwf
ukef Oya' 5(1)?5(3) yk'frjzifh qdyfurf;NrdKUe,fw&m;Hk;wGif w&m;pGJqdk
xm;jcif;jzpfonf/
tqdkygHk;csdef;wGif w&m;vdkbufrS trIESifhywfoufonfh w&m;vdkjy
oufaovma&mufxGufqdkEdkifjcif;r&SdaMumif;udk oufqdkif&m MPPE
pufo;kH qDa&mif;0,fa&;XmerS OD;pD;t&m&Sw
d pfO;D u vma&mufxu
G q
f ckd NhJ yD;
w&m;olBuD;rS trI;kH csde;f udk Ed0k ifbm(25)&ufoUkd xyfrcH sde;f qdk xm;aMumif;
od&onf/
]]MPPE pufoHk;qDa&mif;0,fa&;Xmeu OD;pD;t&m&SdwpfOD;u
vdkjyoufaorvma&mufEdkifaMumif;udk XmetaeeJUvma&mufxGufqdk
ay;wmyg/ 'Dyk*dKvfawG[m ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmMumNyDjzpfwJhtwGuf tNidfrf;
21
22
pmrsufESm 23 okdY
,cifwpfywfrS tquf
23
qufvufazmfjyygrnf
pmrsufESm 22 rS tquf
u,m;jynf wefaqmifwdkif
u,m;jynfe,f?vGdKifaumfjrdKU awmifuGJapwDatmufrSm ESpfpOf vdGKifaumfjrdKU&JhwefaqmifwdkifyGJudk usif;yavh&Sdygw,f/ wefaqmifrkef;
vjynfhaeYra&mufcif ESpf&ufuae vjynfhausmf(2)&ufaeYtxd (5)&ufwdkifwdkif usif;yjyKvkyfygw,f/rD;yHk;ysH vTwfwifjcif;awG rD;&SL;rD;yef;awGeJY
xif;&SK;wdkifawG xGef;nSdMuwJhtavhtxyg0ifjyD; &Srf;jynfawmifBuD;NrdKU wefaqmifwdkifyGJawmfvdkyJ pnfum;vSygw,f/
Photo - apmzkd;cGm;
24
25
armifarmifviG (f Keyboard
Player)
26
ukdarmifarmifvGif
dS mG ;Nyv
D /J
toufb,favmufo
(50)/
b,ftcsdefupNyD;wD;0dkif;
avmuxJ a &muf v mwmvJ /
(17)/
(17) ESpfom;uwnf;uaemf/ tG,fra&mufao;cifvdkY ajymvdkY
&vm;/
q,fwef;atmifNyD;NyD/
tJ ' D t csd e f r S m tif y g,mjzpf N yD v m;/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm tifyg,m rjzpfao;bl;/
uk d a rmif a rmif v G i f *D w avmuuk d b,f 0 d k i f ; u p0if v mw,f /
tifyg,mukd b,fvdka&mufvmw,f/ tJ'gav;ukd enf;enf; 'Dacwf
uav;awG od a tmif A[k o k w aygh a emf / ouf B uD ; pum; ouf i ,f
Mum;av; ajymjyay;vd k Y & vm;/
uGsefawmfu t&ifwkef;u ukdukdifZmwdkY0dkif;rSm wD;w,f/ Success
rSm/ tJ'aD emuf ukn
d x
D #G w
f eYkd u
YJ TTC ausmif;rSmuwnf;u oli,fcsif;/
oli,fcsif;b0uae tJ'Dwkef;u twlwlwGJNyD; rwD;jzpfcJhbl;/ aemuf
uG s ef a wmf w u o d k v f a &muf a wmh ol w d k Y u awmif uG s ef a wmf h x uf
enf;enf;apmNyD; wD;ao;w,f/ wuodkvfa&mufawmh olwdkYwD;0dkif;u
Keyboard orm;u rSdawmhbl;/ uGsefawmfhukd vmac:w,f/ vmac:NyD;
awmh U U U /
tJ ' gu td k a tppf r S m vm;/
tJ'g tdak tppfw;D 0dik ;f / vmac:NyD;awmh igwdeYk mrnfav;topfwpfck
ay;NyD;wD;r,fwJh/ rif; vmwD;ay;Edkifrvm;qdkawmh vmr,fqdkNyD; tJ'DrSm
uGsefawmf0ifNyD; wD;wmayghaemf/ uGsefawmf0ifvkdufwJhtcsdefrSm tdkatppf
uae tifyg,mjzpfoGm;wm/
uk d a rmif a rmif v G i f a Mumif h ajymif ; oG m ;wmvm;/
wu,fawmh tifyg,mtppfu uGsefawmf/
Munfhprf;/
uGsefawmf0ifvmvdkY tifyg,mvdkY jzpfoGm;wm/
aMomf U U U Munf h p rf ; /
uGsefawmf rSdcifwkef;u tdkatppf/
tJ ' D a wmh tif y g,mzcif B uD ; vd k Y ajymvd k Y & vm;/
bdk;atBuD; jzpfoGm;NyDvm; (&,fvsuf)/
tif y g,mouf w rf ; wavQmuf v H k ; rS m tif y g,mu awmf M um
emrnf B uD ; oG m ;vd k u f ? awmf M um &yf o G m ;vd k u f ? awmf M um bmoH r S
rMum;vd k u f / bmaMumif h jzpf j zpf a ewmvJ /
uGsefawmfwdkYu tNrJwrf;awmh yGJawG wD;avhwD;x rSdbl;As/
ukdnDxG#f&JUyGJwdkY? uGsefawmfwdkYeJYywfoufwJhyGJawGrSmyJ wD;wmukd;/
Oyrmaygh U U U b,folU&JU live show ukd uGsefawmfwdkYvmwD;ay;ygqdk&if
tJ'grsdK;awmh enf;enf;tcuftcJSdw,f/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh tvkyfawG
vnf; rsm;Muw,f/ aemufNyD; uGsefawmfwdkY0dkif;u vlawGu tjcm;
27
28
zvifwpfjym;wnf;ukd
vuf0JtoHwpfvdkif;
vusmf toHwpfvikd ;f ESpv
f ikd ;f cGu
J ;l
ykHrSefzvifay:wGif
toHwpfvkdif;wnf;ul;
pmrsufESm 29 okdY
,cifwpfywfrS tquf
Q: bmtoHrS rul;ajymif;&ao;wJh toHzvif Fresh topf
wpfvdyfudk xdyfprS aemufp xd? aemufprS xdyfpxd zifwpfjyef
acgif;wpfjyef wdyfacGxJu pum;oHawGudk Transfer ul;ajymif;vdkufjcif;
tm;jzifh yHkrSefqdk&if Sound Track toHaywpfaxmifyJ &r,fhtpm; ay
ESpfaxmifpm &oGm;w,f/
A: [kwfygw,f/
Q: 'gudk zvifwpfjym;wnf;rSm toHESpfvdkif;eJY 'Dtwdkif;&SdaevdkY
r&bl;/ olYtkyfeJYolYtoH? olYtuefYeJYol uwfaMu;nyfEkdifzdkYtwGuf
35 rDvrD w
D m&Sw
d hJ zvifjym;BuD;udk tvsm;vdu
k f ESpjf crf;cGyJ pfvu
kd f
wmaygh/
A: [kwfw,f/
Q: t J o a v m u f
t&SnBf uD;udk cGjJ crf;ypf&wm
rcufbl;vm;/
A: cufygw,f/ tp
yxrwD x G i f c gprS m wpf
jcrf;eJY wpfjcrf;rnDbl;/ &GJU
apmif;oGm;wmawG&Sdw,f/
aemufawmh ajymcJhovdk
yJ / ( Only in Burma)
yJav/ tyfcsKyform;
tuswdkif;wJh ayBudK;
vdkESpfjcrf; nDoGm;wm
aygh/
Q: 'D a wmh 35
rDvDrDwm tjynfhb0
wkef;u zvifjym;&JU tem;ESpfzufpvHk;rSm payghuwf
taygufuav;awG&Sdaewm/ ckvdkwpfjcrf;pD cGJvdkufNyDqdkawmh
EIwfcrf;wpfzufrSmyJ payghuwftaygufawG usefawmhrSmaygh/
A: [kwfw,f/
Q: tkyfu 35 rDvDrDwm zvifjym;tjynfh/ toHu payghuwf
taygufwpfjcrf;yJ ygawmhwJh aqmif;wpfjcrf;toH/
A: [kwfygw,f/
Q: uwfaMu;ny&
f wJh Editing pm;yGaJ y:rSm bmtcuftcJawG awGU
BuHK&vJ/
A: trsm;BuD;aygh/ trsm;BuD; 'gudk kyf&Sifbmom&yfeJY reD;pyfwJh
jynfolwpfa,mufudk oabmaygufatmif &Sif;jyzdkY tawmfcufygw,f/
odkYaomf BudK;pm;NyD; ajymyghr,f/ Standard pwef;'g;qdkwJh pum;vHk;udk
'DudprSm pHcsdefwdkY pHEIef;wdkYeJY bmomjyefvdkY odyf rudkufbl;/ Standard
Size pwef;'g;qdkufqdk&if pHtjzpf owfrSwfxm;wJh t&G,fyrmPtwdkif;
twmaygh/ Oyrm Oyrm 'DaeY trsm;udkifwG,ftoHk;jyKaeMuwJh Still
yHkao uifr&mav;awG&JU atmufwnfhwnfhrSm 0uftl&pfygwJh tayguf
uav;wpfayguf&Sdw,f/ NyD;awmh if;uifr&mudk rdrd tvdk&Sdovdk
axmifNyD; dkufEkdifzdkY? oHk;acsmif;a'guf Tripod &JUxdyfrSmvnf; 0uftl&pf
ygwJh rlvDtwufuav;wpfck &Sdaewm awGU&r,f/ tJ'gudk b,fwdkif;
jynfuyJvkyfvkyf b,fukrPDuyJ xkwfxkwf? tJ'Duifr&matmufu
taygufeJY tJ'DoHk;acsmif;a'guf&JU rlvD[m vHk;0 Fit in cRif;csufr&Sd
tHudkuf wyfvdkY &ae&r,f/ tJ'g Standard EkdifiHwum pHjyKxm;wmyJ/
kyf&Sifay:cgprSm 8 rDvDrDwm (8 mm)NyD; 16 rDvDrDwm (16 mm) NyD; 35
rDvDrDwm (35 mm)NyD; 35 rr xuf ESpfqBuD;wJh zvifaumfjym;BuD;
70 rDvDrDwm (70 mm)tqifhqifh wDxGifvmcJhMuw,f/ tJ'gusawmh
vnf; olY Standard eJY olaygh/ (70 mm)qdkawmh zvifxnfhwJh yHkBuD;
awG tjrifhBuD;jzpfoGm;w,f/ uifr&m? toHul;? y&defwm? jypuf
tm;vHk; vdkufBuD;ukefwmaygh/ zvifayuawmh ay wpfaxmifvdyfawG
ygyJ/
Q: bBuD;atmif jrifzl;vdkYvm;/
A: jrifzl;w,fqdkygawmhAsm/ 'gdkufwm udk;*sdcsdEdkYu aoG; Zmwf
um;dkufzdkY jrefrmjynfa&mufvmawmh uRefawmfhq&m OD;wif,kuwpf
qifh rdwfaqGjzpf&w,f/ 1996 ckESpfrSm uRefawmf *syefa&mufoGm;
awmh 'gdkufwm csdEdkY udk kyf&SifvkyfwmawG Munfhyg&apvdkY ylqmrdwJh
twGuf olYudk,fpm; vlwpfa,mufvTwfNyD; vdkufydkYcdkif;w,f/ Nikhatsu
eDcpk qdkwJh pwl'D,dkeJY/ Imagiea tdr*du (yHk&dyfrsm;)qdkwJh pwl'D,dkESpfck
udk avhvmcGifh&cJhw,f/ uRefawmf[m kyf&Sifudk em;vnfolwpfa,muf
tjzpf rdwfqufay;wJhtwGufvnf; jynfhjynfhpHkpHk av;av;pm;pm; &Sif;
jyMuygw,f/ edcpk uawmh toHeJYywfoufwJhudpawGcsnf; wm0ef,l
NyD; vkyaf y;ygw,f/ Burmese Harp jrefrmhapmif;qdw
k hJ Zmwfum;udv
k nf;
jrefrmjynfrSm vmdkufzl;ygw,f/ tdr*du pwl'D,dkuawmh udk;xyfwdkuf
BuD;? t&rf;BuD;us,fw,f/ *syef a*:wef;' (Gotanda)NrdKUrSm&Sdw,f/
kyf&Sifpdkufuwnf;u tprf;jyvdkY&wJh kyf&SifHkBuD;txd 'Dtaqmuf
tODwpfcw
k nf;rSm NyD;w,f/ tJ'rD mS (70 mm)eJyY wfoufwhJ toH;k taqmif
ypnf;awG awGUcJhzl;wm/ ck[mu (35 mm)eJY vkyfudkifae&wJh uRefawmf
wdkYtaMumif;ajym&rSm/ vnfywf&aom pufrItvkyf&JU aomhcsuf[m
(Pinion) yife,efvdkY ac:wJh acG;oGm;pdyfyJ/ tJ'Dawmh (35 rr) zvifeJY
dkufNyDqdk&if zvifxnfhdkufr,fh uifr&mxJu yife,efacG;oGm;pdyf
tus,f[mvnf; (35 rr)yJ&Sd&r,f/ zvifayaygif;rsm;pGm (pGefYvTwfwJh
vlawG tyfcsnfBudK; rSefpmwdkufovdk) zvifaq;&r,fh pufxJu yif
ucsifjynfe,fESifh &Srf;jynfe,f(ajrmufydkif;)
ppfa&Smif'kuonfrsm;twGuf &efyHkaiG&Sm *Dwjzifh azsmfajz
q&marmif0HoxlaxmifcJhonfU
CMMD Journalism School
rS Election Reporting
Training oifwef;zGirhf nf
pma&;q&m owif;pmq&marmif0Ho(OD;pdk;odrf;)xlaxmifcJhonfh
&ufrS 'DZifbm 6
zGifhrnf[kqdkonf/
oifwef;umvrSm 6 &uf (&ufwo
kd ifwef;)? oifwef;wufa&mufvo
kd nfh
oifwef;om;\ t&nftcsif;? touf 40 atmufjzpfNyD; owif;orm;
tawGUtBuHK&Sdol rnfolrqdk oifwef;aMu; tcrJh? oifwef;tcsdef
aeYpOf reuf 9 em&DrS aeYv,f 12 em&D? oifwef;om;a&G;cs,frI oif
wef;q&mrsm;rS vlawGUppfaq;onfhpepfjzifh a&G;cs,frnf[kqdkonf/
oifwef;wufa&mufcGifhavQmufvTmxkwf,lEkdifrnfhae&mrSm trSwf-228
(yxyf)? (ausmfaq;qdkiftay:xyf)? qdyfurf;omvrf;(tv,f)? ausmuf
wHwm;NrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKUjzpfNyD; oifwef;om;avQmufvTmxkwf,lEkdif
rnfhtcsdefrSm aeYpOf reuf 9 em&DrS aeYv,f 2 em&DtxdjzpfNyD; oif
wef;avQmufvTmydwf&ufrSm 2014 Ekd0ifbmv 28 &ufaeYjzpfaMumif;
od&Sd&onf/
YOH
pmrsufESm 28 rS tquf
29
30
2013 jrefrmhkyf&Siftu,f'rD yHhydk;a&;aumfrwDonf 2014 Edk0if bm 13 &ufaeY eHeufydkif;u &efukef? A[ef;? 0uFygvrf;&Sd
jrefrmEkdifiHkyf&Siftpnf;tHk;tpnf;ta0;cef;rwGif tu,f'rDvuf0wf&wem? qHyif? rdwfuyf? t0wftpm; wif'gac:,la&;twGuf
YOH
vnf;aumif;? tu,f'rD a&TBudK a&G;cs,fa&;twGufvnf;aumif; tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfusif;ycJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
axmufawGSdw,f/ uGsefawmfwdkYqDrSmvnf; owif;axmufawGSdw,f/
apmapmu ukdygBuD;eJYywfoufvdkYajym&&if uGsefawmfwdkYqDrSm olu
owif;axmuftzGJU0if r[kwfbl;/ r[kwfbl;qdkwm uGsefawmfwdkYod
oavmuf olu e,fpyfrSmaew,f/ rJaqmufrSm olaew,fvdkYMum;
w,f / NyD ; awmh ol u Freelance tvG w f w ef ; owif ; axmuf v d k Y
uG s ef a wmf w d k Y M um;w,f / tJ ' D b uf r S m jr0wD t xd uG s ef a wmf w d k Y z G J U
xm;wmS d w ,f / od k Y a omf jr0wD & J U zG J U pnf ; yH k x J r S m ol U emrnf r S d b l ; /
rJaqmufrSm uGsefawmfwkdYHk;cGJrSdbl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh uGsefawmfwdkY
&JU under control atmufrSmrSdbJ xdkif;e,fpyfjzpfaewJhtwGufrSdbl;/
tJ'Dawmh tvGwfowif;axmuf Freelance Journalist qdkwJh
definition ayghAsm/ tJ'gav;vnf; enf;enf;Sif;jyprf;ygOD;/
MK - tvGwfowif;axmufqdkwmawmh olu vufSdowif;
pmwdkY? owif;*sme,fwdkYawGrSm officially staff r[kwfbl;aygh/ tvGwf
ol u b,f a e&murqd k a&;vd k Y & w,f / ol a &;wJ h [ muk d ol u
wm0ef c H & w,f / ol U owif ; awG u k d Bud K uf E S p f o uf w J h o wif ; Xmeu
toH k ; jyKw,f / tJ ' gyJ / od k Y a omf ol u awmh b,f o l U under control
atmuf r S m rS rS d b l ; /
tJ'aD wmh uGsefawmfwu
Ydk ukyd gBuD;eJyY wfoufvYkd umuG,af &;0efBuD;
Xmeuae xkwfwJhowif;eJY aemufwpfcg *sme,fvpfawGuae xkwfwJh
owif;eJu
Y v
JG w
JG mayghav/ uGv
J w
JG ,fqw
kd mu umuG,af &;0efBuD;Xmeu
xkwfwJhowif;rSmusawmh KKO apmqef;atmiftzGJUrS jyefMum;a&;
wm0efcH? AdkvfBuD;tqifhSd atmifEdkifqdkNyD;awmh xkwfw,f/ 'Du *sme,f
vpfawGu rD',
D mawGuae xkww
f mawGusawmh olUukd tvGwo
f wif;
axmuf ukyd gBuD;qdNk yD;awmh tJ'v
D akd v;xkww
f ,f/ tJ'u
D v
JG cJG sufuv
dk nf;
uGsefawmfwdkYuae aumfrSiftaeeJY 'DOpmukd pHkprf;ppfaq;aewmyg/
tJ'Dvdkav; pHkprf;ppfaq;awmh uGsefawmfwdkYu yxrOD;qHk; bmoGm;awGU
vJqdkawmh tJ'D ukdygBuD; U U U cifAsm;wdkYajymwJh ukdygBuD; zrf;rdwkef;u
EdkifiHom;pdppfa&;uwfjym;ygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'DEdkifiHom;pdppfa&;uwfjym;
rSmusawmh t&yfu ajcmufay? aoG;tkypf u
k bD? xifmS ;wJt
h rSwt
f om;
u b,fvufrSm rSJUSd? trnfu atmifEdkif? tazemrnfu OD;cdkif?
arG;ou&mZfu (14-8-1970)? vlrsdK; Arm? ukd;uG,fonfhbmom
Ak'? aemuf olU&JUEdkifiHom;pdppfa&;uwfjym;trSwfu (12^r*'(Edkif)
013498)? &ufpGJuusawmh(10-2-1991) qdkNyD; 'gav;oGm;Sdw,f/
aemufwpfcg tvkyftukdifusawmhvnf; aps;a&mif;/ ae&yfvdyfpmus
awmh trSwf(27)? r*Fvmvrf;? BuHcif;pk&yfuGuf? NrdKUrygbl;/ aemufNyD;
'DrmS xd;k NrJvufrw
S u
f sawmh atmifEikd q
f Nkd yD; 'gav;u olUukzd rf;rdwek ;f u
&wJhrSwfyHkwif/ aemufwpfckuusawmh olU&JUZeD; roEm/ 'DroEmus
awmh usdKufra&m&Jpcef;rSm vlaysmufreI v
YJ mzGiw
hf ,f/ NyD;awmh aorIao
cif;eJYzGifhw,f/ aorIaocif;eJY zGifhwJhrSmaum? vlaysmufrIeJYzGifhwm
rSmusawmh tJ'DrSmusawmh olu atmifausmfEdkif(c)ygBuD;? aqmif;yg;Sif
trnf atmifBuD;/ aemufwpfcg Edik if o
H m;pdppfa&;uwfjym;usawmhvnf;
(12^vrw(Edkif)013498) qdkNyD; zGifhw,f/ &Jpcef;zGifhwkef;usawmh olu
atmifausmfEikd (f c)ygBuD;&JUrSwyf w
kH ifeyH gwfeeYJ mrnfyJ ajymw,f/ ajymawmh
tJ'DuOpmukd &Juaev0uukd pdppfw,fayghav/ pdppfcdkif;wJhtcsdefus
awmh atmifausmfEdkifqdkwmu bmoGm;jzpfvJqdk&if atmifausmfEdkif(c)
ygBuD; qdkwmonfwJh? rSwfyHkwifeHygwfu (12^vrw(Edkif)013498)?
tazemrnfu OD;wifMunf? a':axG;/ arG;ou&mZfu (14-8-1966)?
oH;k cGNrdKU/ vlrsdK;u Arm^Ak'/ ZeD;u Edik (f 2) rSww
f rf;t& rS/d vdypf muus
awmh (67)? ukdif;wef;vrf;? vrf;rawmf? &efukefwdkif;/ tJ'Dvdk
oGm;NyD;awGUw,f/ awGUawmh roEmajymwJh atmifausmfEdkif(c)ygBuD;eJY
aemufwpfcg olUukdzrf;rdwkef;u oleJYtwlygvmwJh? rSwfyHkwifrSmygwJh
atmifEdkifqdkwmeJYu rSwfyHkwifeHygwfvnf; rwlbl;/ rdbemrnfvnf;
rwlb;l / arG;ou&mZfvnf; rwlb;l / aemufwpfcg vdypf mvnf; rwlb;l /
tJ'grsdK;awG uGsefawmfwYkd oGm;NyD;awGUw,f/ awGUawmh tJ'geJyY wfoufvYkd
cifAsm;wdkYtaeeJY bmrsm;odxm;ovJ/
qufvufazmfjyygrnf
ausmif;ajrae&may:wGif q&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0Houdk,fwdkif
Adokumynm&Sif pdk;&dvdwfa&;qGJaom AdokumyHkpHudk jyifqifjznfhpGuf
a&G;cs,f r[moEdokausmif;awmfBuD;udk aqmufvkyfcJhonf/
aqmufvkyfNyD; r[moEdokcOyXmupnf;rsOf;udka&;qGJNyD; ,if;
pnf;rsOf;ESifhtnD
(u) Oy|mu em,utzGJU
(c) Oy|mu tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU
(*) jyefMum;a&;tzGJUwdkYudk zGJUpnf;um ausmif;awmfBuD;tm; tNyD;
owfaqmufvkyfjcif;? &nf&G,fcsuftwdkif; jynfyomoemjyK&[ef;tyg;
20 udk oifwef;ay;jcif;? jynfyodkY omoemjyKapvTwfjcif;wdkYudk aqmif
&Gucf sdew
f iG f owif;ay;rItrSm;aMumifh r[moEo
d ck ausmif;awmfBuD;tm;
e0wtzGJUtwGif;a&;rSL;(1)u oHCr[mem,utzGJUodkY tyfESif;&mrS
r[moEdokcta&;awmfyHkBuD; tpysKd;cJhygonf/
q&mawmfBuD;onf e0wrS oHCr[mem,utzGJUtm; apmifh
a&SmufcsdefrSp q&mawmfBuD;onf tcGifhtcgroifhao;[k ,lqum
&yfraebJ taemufEkdifiH 20 wGif jrefrm Ak'bmom? bkef;awmfBuD;
ausmif; 20 ausmfukd aqmufvkyfcJhjyefonf/ xdktcg xdkausmif;rsm;udk
apmifh a&Smuf ausmif;xkdif&ef t&nftcsif;jynfh0aom jrefrmbkef;awmf
BuD;rsm; xyfrHvdktyfvmjyef&m
(u) EkdifiHawmfonfvnf; 'Drdkua&pDvrf;aMumif;ay:odkY a&muf&Sd
aeNyDjzpfonf/
(c) wyfrawmfESifh EkdifiHawmfu odrf;qnf;xm;aom ajrrsm;udkyif
tpdk;&ESifhvTwfawmft&yf&yfu EkdifiHawmfu jyefay;vQuf&Sdonf/
(*) rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf; t&nftcsif;jynfh0aom jynfyomoemjyK
jrefrm&[ef;awmfrsm;vdktyfaeojzifh ,if;udpudk rlv&nfrSef;csufrsm;
twdkif;aqmif&Guf&ef q&mawmfBuD;onf 2012 ckESpf? ZGefvwGif om
oema&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD; ol&OD;jrifharmifESifh pma&;olwdkYxH pma&;
qufoG,frIjyKygonf/
rsufESmzkH;rStquf
'dtjyif uRefawmfwkdYjrefrmEkdifiH[m 'Drkdua&pD pepfusifhokH;
vmwmeJYtwl c&D;oGm;vkyfief;awG wGifus,fvmNyD; jynfwGif;
jynfyc&D;oGm;{nfhonfawG[m wkdif;&if;om;awGaexkdifwJh
a'oawGukd oGm;a&mufavhvmaeMuNyDjzpfwmrkdY tJ'Da'oawGeJY
wkdif;&if;om;awG&JU kd;&m,Ofaus;rI "avhxkH;pHawG wkdif;&if;om;
awGaexkdifwJh aus;&Gma'o tcsuftvufawGukd tenf;
i,fod&SdEkdifzkdY tusOf;rQpkpnf;wifjyxm;jcif;jzpfygw,f/
'DvkdtcsuftvufawGukd pkpnf;wifjyEkdifzkdYeJY "mwfykHrsm;
kduful;Ekdifa&;twGuf ulnDpDpOfaqmif&Gufay;MuwJh a'otm
PmykdiftzGJUtpnf;awG? wkdif;&if;om;a&;&mpmayeJY ,Ofaus;rI
tzGJUawG? a'ocHwkdif;&if;om;awGeJY c&D;pOftwGif;vkdtyfwJh
tultnDawGukd tzufzufrS0kdif;0ef;aqmif&Gufay;cJhMuwJh
oli,fcsif; rdwaf qGrsm; tm;vk;H ukt
d xl;yJ aus;Zl;wif&ydS gaMumif;
rSwfwrf;wif*kPfjyKtyfygonf/}}
[l azmfjyonf/ &Sm;yg;"mwfykHrsm;? obm0tvSrsm;?
wkdif;&if;om; "avhxkH;rsm;awGUjrif&rnfjzpfrnf/
31
&efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBuD;? oCFe;f uRef;NrdKeU ,frq
J Ee,frS jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,f OD;ode;f GeaYf r;jref;onfh
Mu,fyiG rhf jyar;cGe;f tm;ajzMum;csuf
jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf
jynfolYvTwfawmfHk;
pmtrSwf? 1^yo(p0)4^2014(3-11)-261
&ufpGJ? 2014 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv 24 &uf
odkY
OD;odef;GefY
oCFef;uRef;rJqEe,f
jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
taMumif;t&m / ar;cG e f ; ajzMum;csuf a y;yd k Y j cif ;
1/ yxrtBudrf jynfolYvTwfawmf 11 Budrfajrmuf yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;
wGif oCFef;uRef;rJqEe,f? jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;odef;GefY
xHrS ]]&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;? vSnf;ul;NrdKUe,f? pmbl;awmif;aus;&Gm
tk y f p k 0 if (0g;iyJ h a us;&G m )ae a':cif p ef ; &D ( c)cif p E m ? Ek d i f i H o m;pd p pf
a&;trS w f 12^A[e(Ek d i f ) 007724 rS 1978 ck E S p f u yif v,f o rm;
BuD ; OD ; wif p d e f yd k i f q d k i f a om NcH a jrud k 0,f , l c J h N yD ; NcH a jypmcG e f u d k i f
aqmif N yD ; a&mf b myif (1600)ES i f h pm;yif o D ; yif tenf ; i,f p d k u f y sKd ;
NyD ; wpf x yf w d k u f w pf v H k ; aqmuf v k y f a exd k i f c J h o nf u d k od y govm;?
a':cif p ef ; &D ( c)cif p E m 0,f , l a exd k i f c J h a omajrrS m usL;ausmf a jr?
wyf y d k i f a jrr[k w f b J vG e f c J h a om ES p f a ygif ; 60 uyif &G m tjzpf w nf
&S d u m vG e f c J h a om 10 ES p f u wnf ; u pd k u f y sKd ; ajrcG e f a y;aqmif N yD ;
aexdkifcJhonfudk odygovm;? (4?2?2014) &ufaeYwGif a':cifpEmydkif
td r f w pf v H k ; wnf ; ud k Nrd K Ue,f t axG a xG t k y f c sKyf a &;rS L ;trd e f Y j zif h vm
a&muf z suf q D ; oG m ;onf h t wG u f a&mf b myif 1000 cef Y qH k ; H I ; epf e m
cJhonfudk odygovm;? EkdifiHom;rsm;\ w&m;0if&,lydkifqdkifxm;aom
ra&TUrajymif;Ekdifaom ypnf;rsm;ESifhywfouf epfemqHk;HI;rIrsm;udk
avsmfaMu;ay;jcif;tygt0if rnfonfhenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh ukpm;ay;yg
rnf u d k od v d k j cif ; }}}}ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh ar;cGef;pmwpfapmif vufcH&&Sd
cJhygonf/
2/ tqkdygar;cGef;ESifhpyfvsOf; wdkif;a'oBuD;^jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJU\
ajzMum;csuftm; od&SdEkdifyg&efESifh oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD;^jynfe,f
tpdk;&tzGJU? vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdkYESifh qufvufndEdIif; yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufEkdifyg&ef ay;ydkYtyfygonf/
yl;wGJ ar;cGef;ajzMum;csuf (1) apmif
TefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf(udk,fpm;)
(oef;aZmfOD;? 'kwd,TefMum;a&;rSL;)
rdwLudk
tpdk;&\ tmrcHcsufrsm;? uwdrsm;ESifh wm0efcHcsufrsm; pdppf
a&;aumfrwD
Hk;vufcH
jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf
wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU
&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;
pmtrSwf? 1^1-3(2)^rl 0g '
&ufpGJ? 2014 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv 10 &uf
odkY
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUHk;
aejynfawmf
taMumif;t&m / vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frSay;ydkYvmaom ar;cGef;tm;
ajzMum;csuf ay;yd k Y j cif ; ud p
&nfTef;csuf / jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUHk;? aejynfawmf\ (16?9?2014)
&ufpGJyg pmtrSwf? 35^449 (1-yo)^ tz& (2014)
1/ yxrtBudrf jynfolYvTwfawmf(11)Budrfajrmuf yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;
wGif &Sif;vif;aqG;aEG;&eftwGuf &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;? oCFef;uRef;
rJqEe,frS jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;odef;GefY\ Mu,fyGifhrjy
ar;cGef;(1)cktm; ajzMum;ay;&ef &nfTef;pmjzifh taMumif;Mum;vmrI
tay: ajzMum;NyD;jzpfygojzifh vdktyfovdk qufvufaqmif&GufEkdifyg
&ef yl;wGJay;ydkYtyfygonf/
2/ &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;csKyfonf vkyfief;wm0efjzifh c&D;xGuf
cGmvsuf&SdonfhtwGuf ajzMum;csuftm; &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;pdkufysKd;
a&;ESifh arG;jrLa&;0efBuD;rS vufrSwfa&;xdk;&jcif;jzpfygonf/
yl;wGJ - (2) &Guf
0ef B uD ; csKyf ( ud k , f p m;)
(pd k ; rif ; ? wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; pd k u f y sKd ; a&;ES i f h a rG ; jrLa&;0ef B uD ; )
rdwLudk
vufcHpmwGJ
arQmpmwGJ
&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;? oCFef;uRef;NrdKUe,frJqEe,frS
jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;odef;GefYar;jref;onfh
Mu,f y G i f h r jyar;cG e f ; tm;ajzMum;csuf
32
,cifwpfywfrStquf
ESpfoufcJholqdkwm uRefawmf,HkoGm;
NyD}}vdkY q&mu ajymygw,f/
uRefawmfu q&mhukd xyfajymvdu
k w
f phJ um;wpfceG ;f aMumifh q&mydNk yD;
tHMh ooGm;cJyh gw,f/ tJ'pD um;uawmh ]]q&m tqdak wmfarmifarmifeG eYf YJ
uRefawmft
h azu oli,fcsif;awG}}qdw
k phJ um;ygyJ/ q&mu ]]cifAsm;taz
eJY tqdkawmfarmifarmifGefYu oli,fcsif;awGqdkawmh cifAsm;tazu
tEkynmorm;vm;}}vdkY ar;ygw,f/
uRefawmft
h azu ,ue;f orm;/ axmufMuefNY rdKUrSm ,ue;f pifawG
xlaxmifcJhol/ tqdkawmfarmifarmifGefYuvnf; tif;pdefrSm ,uef;
vkyif ef;vkyu
f ikd o
f rl Ykd olwt
Ykd csif;csif; oli,fcsif;jzpfMuwmygq&m? taz
u olYrSwfwrf;pmtkyfav;xJrSm uAsmtwdktpav;awG a&;xm;wm
awmh uRefawmf awGUcJhbl;ygw,fvdkY q&mhudk ajymjyvdkuf&ygw,f/
tazwdkY ,uef;vkyfwJhtcsdefrSm ykqdk;awG? vG,ftdwfawG ,uf
Muw,f/ tpdk;&u qdk;aq;eJY csnfawG xkwfay;w,fvdkY tarajymjy
wm Mum;bl;aMumif; q&mhudkajymawmh q&mu ]]b,fESpfckESpfvJAs}}
vd k Y ar;ygw,f / uRef a wmf u d k a rG ; wm
1966 qd k a wmh taz ,u e f ;
vkyfwm (1964-65)rSm pvkyfwmvdkY
ajymjy vdkufw,f/
q&mu ol Y x H k ; pH t wd k i f ; OD ;
acgif ; ud k a rmh N yD ; twef M umatmif
pOf;pm;aeygw,f/ NyD;rS ]]awmfvSef
a&;aumifpDAdkvfae0if; wufNyD;wJh
tcsdefaygh}}vdkY ajymygw,f/ q&m[m
ckESpf ou&mZfeJY orkdif;pOfudk tao
tcsm wGufcsufpOf;pm;wwfygw,f/
tJ'D tcsdefwkef;u qefaps;ub,f
avmuf ? qD a ps;ub,f a vmuf ?
MuufoGefeD aps;b,favmufqdkwm
awGvnf; ajymjyygw,f/
q&mwm&m[m acwfukd rsufajc
rjywfwJhae&mrSm q&mroif;jrpEDudk
aeYpOfukefaps;EIef;udkar;NyD; pmtkyfxJ
xnfha&;rSwf om;xm;ygw,f/ 1988 ckESpfrSm MuufOwpfvHk;
b,favmuf? qefaps; twuftus tukerf w
S o
f m;xm; olygyJ/
q&meJu
Y Refawmf *Dweufoefuakd pmnde;f ? tqdak wmfarmif
armifGefYeJY uRefawmfhtazwdkY[m qufEG,frI &SdcJholawGygyJ/
q&mu udkapmndef;udk wu,fcspfcJhwJholyg/ uRefawmfu
q&m 0if;pnfoleJY rEav;odef;aZmfwdkYudk ar;r,fhar;cGef;
awGa&;NyD; q&mhudk oGm;jyawmh q&m tvGefauseyfaeygw,f/
]]cifAsm; b,frSm oGm;ar;rSmvJ}}vdkY uRefawmfhudkar;ygw,f/
uRefawmfuvnf; ]]udkodef;aZmfeJY uRefawmfeJY r&if;ESD;bl;q&m?
udkjrwfcdkifudk tultnDawmif;&rSm}}vdkY ajymvdkuf&ygw,f/
qufvufazmfjyygrnf
33
34
qufvufazmfjyygrnf/
yef;csjD yyGJ
Melodic Water
yef;csDwifxP
G ;f ?
ckdifwif?eDwGwf?armif
jrifv
h iG ?f armifausmfp;dk ?
rarT ; ?oef Y Z if ? aZmf
GefYazeJY yef;csDukdukd
jrifhwkdY pkpnf;jyowJh
Travellers
the
Colourful Pages
vd k Y t rnf a y;xm;wJ h
yef;csDjyyGu
J dk tif;vsm;
vrf;?urm&GwNf rdKUe,f?&efuek Nf rdKUrSm zGiv
hf pS x
f m;wJh pdr;f vef;pkad jyO,smOfrmS
21-11-2014 &ufuae 24-11-2014 &uftxd cif;usif;jyoxm;rSm
jzpf y gw,f / tck j yowJ h Travellers the Colourful Pages vk d Y
trnfay;xm;wJh yef;csDjyyGJ[m wwd,tBudrfajrmufjyowJhyGJjzpfNyD;
jycef;zGifhvSpfjyocsdef uawmhaeYpOfeHeuf 9 em&Duae?nae 5 em&D
HTA
txdjzpfygw,f/
yef;csDarmifarmif(armifarmifwkdYtzGJY)
,ciftywfrStquf
yef;csDyef;Munf&JY
oDcsi;f cspo
f l
yef;csDjyyGJ
wpfu,
dk af wmfyef;csD jyyG[
J m wwd,tBudraf jrmufjyowJh wpfu,
dk af wmf
yef;csDjyyGJ jzpfNyD; jycef;zGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmh aeYpOfeHeuf 10 em&Duae
nae 6 em&Dtxdjzpfygw,f/
HTA
olYtBudKuf?olYaGcs,frIcsnf;
]][kdoDcsif;qkdyg
'DoDcsif;qkdyg . . }}
oDcsif;cspfayr,fh
tmPmoHeJYrkdY
rqkdawmhygbl;
qkdraeawmhygbl; /
/
atmifcsdrfh
(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)
35
avmuedAmefbHk
ZVILLAS
36
wm;cJo
h nfudk awGUjrif&ovd?k &efuek Nf rdKUawmfcef;ra&SUwGiv
f nf; ausmif;
om;or*vIyf&Sm;rIoydwfarSmufrIrsm;ukd csdefukdufawGUjrif&onfhaeYjzpf
onf/ xkdaeYonf wkdufwkdufqkdifqkdifygawmfrlaeYjzpfaeonf[kvnf;
qkdMuonf/
tar&duefor wBuD;bm;&uftkdbm;rm;onf vli,frsm;ESifhawGU
qkH&mwGif ayghayghyg;yg;&Tif&TifysysaEG;aEG;axG;axG;&SdaecJhonf[k qkdonf/
tkdbm;rm;onf &efukeftwGif;0efkH;ukd a&muf&Sdonfhtcg jyKjyif
ajymif;vJrIawGawGUae&aMumif; tpcsDajymMum;cJhao;onf/ tkdbm;rm;
onf vli,frsm;ukd 21 &mpk tem*wfykHazmfrnfholrsm;[k qkdcJhonf/
tar&dueforwBuD;vnf; 3 ESpfwmwkd;wufrIrsm;ukd todtrSwf
jyKcJo
h vkd Ekifd if aH &;tusOf;om;rsm; vGwaf jrmufvmrI? jynfow
l Ykd vGwv
f yf
pGmaqG;aEG;ajymqkdyg0ifvmEkdifrI? vTwfawmfESifh t&yfzufvlUtzGJUtpnf;
rsm; ay:xGef;vmrIrsm;ukd vkHavmufrIr&Sdao;[k qkdcJhonf/ owif;
orm;rsm; wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;tay: zdESdyfcsKd;ESdrfwkdufcdkufrIrsm;ukd
vnf; a0zefcJhonf/ &ckdifjynfe,fta&;ESifhywfouf pdk;&drfruif;&Sd
qJ[kvnf; qkdonf/
tar&dueforwBuD;onf csKyfcs,frIxuf vGwfvyfrI? aMumuf
&GHUrIxuf arQmfvifhcsufvTrf;rkd;Ekdif&ef BudK;pm;MuzkdY wkdufwGef;cJhonf/
"mwf y k H - atmif r sKd ;
7C