Chapter 11.

1: Biodiversity and Classification

1.Variety and variability of microbial, plant, and animal life forms from
all sources (including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems) and of the
ecological complexes of which they are a part.
2. ecological,species,genetic
3. Ecological diversity-relates to the variety of ecosystems and ecological processes in
the biosphere as well as the diversity within ecosystem
Species diversity-refers to the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the
entire biosphere.
Genetic diversity-refers to the combination of different genes found within a
population of a single species and the pattern of genetic variation found within different
populations of the same species that is often associated with adaptation to local
conditions
4.ecological diversity
5. Hierarchical system for grouping and naming types of living organisms. The highestlevel is the kingdom, which is typically broken down into subgroups called divisions (for
plants) and phyla (for animals).
6. Nomenclature is a term that applies to either a list of names or terms, or to the
system of principles, procedures and terms related tonamingwhich is the assigning of a
word or phrase to a particular object, event, or property
Systematic is the field that (a) provides scientific names for organisms, (b) describes
them, (c) preserves collections of them, (d) provides classifications for the organisms,
keys for their identification, and data on their distributions, (e) investigates their
evolutionary histories, and (f) considers their environmental adaptations. This is a field
with a long history that in recent years has experienced a notable renaissance,
principally with respect to theoretical content. Part of the theoretical material has to do
with evolutionary areas (topics e and f above), the rest relates especially to the problem
of classification. Taxonomy is that part of Systematics concerned with topics (a) to (d)
above.
7. Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary
nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a
name composed of two parts,
The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second
part identifies the species within the genus.

8.a-g : species,genus,family,order,class,phylum,kingdom
9. Species :
(1) The lowest taxonomic rank, and the most basic unit or category of biological
classification.
(2) An individual belonging to a group of organisms (or the entire group itself) having
common characteristics and (usually) are capable of mating with one another
Genus :
A class or group with common attributes.
A taxonomic category ranking used in biological classification that is below a family and
above a species level, and includes group(s) of species that are structurally similar or
phylogenetically related.
10. In biology, a phylum is a taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class. There are
more groups of organisms in a phylum
11. If the organisms are in the same class but different orders, the levels of classification
below order will all be different for the organisms, and the levels of classification above
class will be all the same for the different organisms.

12. Kingdom

13. Robert H.Whittaker

14.Whittakers system recognised two fundamentally different levels of cell organisation;

prokaryotic and eukaryotic, and set all prokaryotes apart from all eukaryotes by placing
the prokaryotes in the kingdom, Monera. The eukaryotes were further divided into
unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Whittaker then distinguished three kingdoms of
multicellular eukaryotes based partly on the types of nutrition; Plant, Fungi and
Animalia.
15.

Prokaryotes

Monera

Eukaryotes

Protista

16. A: Monera A1: Bacteria

B: Protista B1: Protozoa

Fungi

C: Fungi C1: Phylum

Plantae

Animalia

E: Animalia E1: Phylum Chordata

D: Plantae D1:Angiospermophyta