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Report To CESC On Variables and Concepts of PVSYST
Report To CESC On Variables and Concepts of PVSYST
1/09/2010
INDEX
1.
2.
3.
4.
DEFINITIONS:............................................................... 3
PVSYST DATA ............................................................... 6
DIAGRAM OF FLUXES OF ENERGY ............................... 7
PERFORMANCE RATIO: Calculation ............................. 9
ANNEX:
1. DEFINITIONS:
Bellow there are the main variables used by PVSYST in the simulation (the definitions
have been obtained from PVSYST and internet):
- Irradiance vs. Irradiation:
Irradiance (sunlight intensity or power) the radiation received in a surface of a square
meter in a second (W/m2). The irradiation (energy) determines the radiation received
in a surface of a square meter during one hour (Wh/m2)
- Global Horizontal irradiation: (kWh/m2/year)
The radiation reaching the earth's surface can be represented in a number of different
ways. Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) is the total amount of shortwave radiation
received from above by a surface horizontal to the ground. This value is of particular
interest to photovoltaic installations and includes both Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI)
and Diffuse Horizontal Irradiation (DIF).
- Incident global irradiation in the collector plane:
It is the incident global irradiation received by a collector plane.
- Near Shading factor
Near shadings factor on global = GlobShd / GlobInc. It includes the losses produced by
the shadings of the elements located around the photovoltaic module
- IAM factor
The incidence effect (the designated term is IAM, for "Incidence Angle Modifier")
corresponds to the weakening of the irradiation really reaching the PV cells's surface,
with respect to irradiation under normal incidence.
(in PVSYS) FIAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1),
with i = incidence angle on the plane,
and bo = the standard calculated value by PVSYST for PV modules is 0.05.
- Effective irradiance on collector plane:
It is the energy that arrives to the collector plane after consider the near shading factor
and the IAM.
- Efficiency of cell at STC
The efficiency of the cell at STC is the parameter which compares the energy produced
by the module with the STC.
- Irradiance losses
It is the losses produced when the irradiance is lower than 1000 W/m2 (STC).
The behaviour of a crystalline PV module is showed in the graphs of "Efficiency vs.
Irradiance". It is possible to see by mean of the graphic that the efficiency decreases
for lower irradiances.
- Thermal losses
The thermal behaviour of the field influences the electrical performances. It is
determined by a thermal balance between ambient temperature and cell's heating up
due to incident irradiation.
- Ohmic wiring losses
The wiring ohmic resistance induces losses ( R I ) between the power available from
the modules and that at the terminals of the array. These losses can be characterised
by just one parameter R defined for the global array
- Module quality loss
It is well-known that most of PV modules series don't match the manufacturer nominal
specifications. Up to now, this was one of the greater uncertainties in the PV system
performance evaluation.
Now, with "guaranteed" power assertions and increasing availability of independent
expertises, the situation seems going toward some clarification. Module series are sold
with a given tolerance, and actual powers usually lie under the nominal specified
power, but stay in the tolerance.
- Mismatch losses
Losses due to "mismatch" are related to the fact that the real modules in the array do
not rigorously present the same I/V characteristics.
- STC: Standard Test Conditions
It is laboratory test conditions. STC includes three factors:
1. Irradiance (sunlight intensity or power), in Watts per square meter falling on a
flat surface. The measurement standard is 1 kW per sq. m. (1,000 Watts/m2)
2. Air Mass refers to thickness and clarity of the air through which the sunlight
passes to reach the modules (sun angle affects this value). The standard is 1.5.
3. Cell temperature, which will differ from ambient air temperature. STC defines
cell testing temperature as 25 degrees C.
2. PVSYST DATA
= 12.8 %
Yr
Yf
ANNEX:
PVSYST SIMULATION: 1.05 MW
PVSYST V4.37
Gajner
Geographical Site
Gajner
Situation
Time defined as
Latitude
Legal Time
Albedo
Country
27.9N
Time zone UT+6
0.20
Meteo data :
Simulation variant :
India
Longitude 73.0E
Altitude 232 m
02/09/10 11h35
Simulation parameters
Collector Plane Orientation
Tilt
20
Azimuth
Free Horizon
Horizon
according to module
Near Shadings
PV Array Characteristics
PV module
Si-poly
Number of PV modules
Total number of PV modules
Array global power
Array operating characteristics (50C)
Total area
Model XL24195
Manufacturer XL TELECOM & ENERGY LIMITED
In series 24 modules
In parallel 224 strings
Nb. modules 5376
Unit Nom. Power 195 Wp
Nominal (STC) 1048 kWp
At operating cond. 945 kWp (50C)
U mpp 574 V
I m pp 1648 A
Module area 8217 m
System type
Model
Manufacturer
Operating Voltage
Unlimited load (grid)
29.0 W/mK
wind 1 m/s)
11.4 mOhm
0.7 V
1-bo (1/cos i - 1)
kv (wind)
NOCT
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
Loss Fraction
bo Parameter
Grid-Connected System
JEMA IF 1000KW
Data sheet
410-850 V
Unit Nom. Power
1000 kW AC
PVSYST V4.37
Gajner
Simulation variant :
Grid-Connected
20
XL24195
5376
JEMA IF 1000KW
azimuth 0
Pnom 195 Wp
Pnom total 1048 kWp
Pnom 1000 kW ac
East
West
South
Iso-shadings diagram
Gajner: 1,1MW 8.5 m_xltelenergy
Beam shading factor (according to module) : Iso-shadings curves
90
Shading loss: 1 %
Shading loss: 5 %
Shading loss: 10 %
Shading loss: 20 %
Shading loss: 40 %
12h
75
Attenuation
for diffuse: 0.969
13h
and albedo: 0.2921
2
14h
3
1: 22 june
2: 22 may - 23 july
3: 20 apr - 23 aug
4: 20 mar - 23 sep
5: 21 feb - 23 oct
6: 19 jan - 22 nov
7: 22 december
15h
11h
60
Sun height []
16h
5
10h
45
17h
7
9h
30
18h
8h
15
19h
7h
Behind
the plane
0
-120
Behind
the plane
-90
-60
-30
0
Azimuth []
30
60
90
120
PVSYST V4.37
Gajner
Simulation variant :
Produced Energy
Performance Ratio PR
Grid-Connected
20
XL24195
5376
JEMA IF 1000KW
azimuth 0
Pnom 195 Wp
Pnom total 1048 kWp
Pnom 1000 kW ac
Specific
1612 MWh/year
75.2 %
Performance Ratio PR
0.8
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses)
1.27 kWh/kWp/day
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...)
0.12 kWh/kWp/day
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 4.21 kWh/kWp/day
0.6
Performance Ratio PR
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1538 kWh/kWp/year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
0.0
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
T Amb
GlobInc
GlobEff
EArray
EOutInv
EffArrR
EffSysR
kWh/m
kWh/m
kWh/m
kWh
kWh
January
113.1
14.70
146.5
137.7
123325
119874
10.24
9.96
February
128.5
17.40
154.4
147.1
129413
125824
10.20
9.92
March
167.4
23.50
183.7
176.0
151505
147328
10.04
9.76
April
195.0
28.30
199.0
190.9
160241
155864
9.80
9.53
May
216.1
31.30
206.7
197.8
163345
158792
9.62
9.35
June
206.7
31.10
192.3
183.6
151842
147581
9.61
9.34
July
185.7
29.50
176.3
167.6
140049
136087
9.67
9.39
August
174.2
28.50
172.7
164.6
138000
134088
9.73
9.45
September
161.1
28.30
170.4
162.9
136379
132533
9.74
9.47
October
138.6
26.20
158.9
151.4
128964
125343
9.88
9.60
November
114.3
21.40
144.8
137.2
118890
115591
9.99
9.72
December
105.1
16.70
140.1
131.0
116621
113390
10.13
9.85
Year
1905.8
24.77
2045.7
1947.7
1658576
1612294
9.87
9.59
Legends:
GlobHor
EArray
T Amb
Ambient Temperature
EOutInv
GlobInc
EffArrR
GlobEff
EffSysR
Dec
PVSYST V4.37
Gajner
Simulation variant :
System type
according to module
tilt
Model
Nb. of modules
Model
Unlimited load (grid)
Grid-Connected
20
XL24195
5376
JEMA IF 1000KW
azimuth 0
Pnom 195 Wp
Pnom total 1048 kWp
Pnom 1000 kW ac
1906 kWh/m
+7.3%
1658828 kWh
-2.8%
1612294 kWh
0.0%
-0.0%
0.0%
-0.0%