Consultant role to modernize and improvise several plants across the country

Disseminate technologies to other players in the sector

Consultant role Partnership in Excellence Programme for improvement of

PLF of 15 Power Stations of SEBs.

Rural Electrification work under Rajiv Gandhi Garmin Vidyutikaran

Environment Management
All stations of NTPC are ISO 14001 certified
Various groups to care of environmental issues
The Environment Management Group
Ash Utilization Division
Afforestation Group
Centre for Power Efficiency & Environment Protection
Group on Clean Development Mechanism

NTPC is the second largest owner of trees in the country after the Forest
department.

JOURNEY OF NTPC

1975

NTPC was set up in 1975 with 100% ownership by the

Government of India. In the last 30 years, NTPC has grown
into the largest power utility in India.

1997

In 1997, Government of India granted NTPC status of

Navratna being one of the nine jewels of India, enhancing
the powers to the Board of Directors.

2004

NTPC became a listed company with majority Government

ownership of 89.5%.
NTPC becomes third largest by Market Capitalization of
listed companies

2005

The company rechristened as NTPC Limited in line with its

changing business portfolio and transforms itself from a
thermal power utility to an integrated power utility.

2008

National Thermal Power Corporation is the largest power

generation company in India. Forbes Global 2000 for 2008
ranked it 411th in the world.

2009

National Thermal Power Corporation is the largest power

generation company in India. Forbes Global 2000 for 2008
ranked it 317th in the world.

2012

NTPC has also set up a plan to achieve a target of 50,000

MW generation capacity.

2017

NTPC has embarked on plans to become a 75,000 MW

company by 2017.

NTPC is the largest power utility in India, accounting for about 20% of Indias
installed capacity.

THEMAL POWER PLANT

INTRODUCTION
Power Station (also referred to as generating station or power plant) is an industrial
facility for the generation of electric power. Power plant is also used to refer to the
engine in ships, aircraft and other large vehicles. Some prefer to use the term
energy center because it more accurately describes what the plants do, which is the
conversion of other forms of energy, like chemical energy, gravitational potential
energy or heat energy into electrical energy. However, power plant is the most
common term in the U.S., while elsewhere power station and power plant are both
widely used, power station prevailing in many Commonwealth countries and
especially in the United Kingdom.

A coal-fired Thermal Power Plant

At the center of nearly all power stations is a generator, a rotating machine that
converts Mechanical energy into Electrical energy by creating relative motion
between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the

generator varies widely. It depends chiefly on what fuels are easily available and
the types of technology that the power company has access to.
In thermal power stations, mechanical power is produced by a heat engine, which
transforms Thermal energy (often from combustion of a fuel) into rotational
energy. Most thermal power stations produce steam, and these are sometimes
called steam power stations. About 80% of all electric power is generated by use of
steam turbines. Not all thermal energy can be transformed to mechanical power,
according to the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, there is always heat
lost to the environment. If this loss is employed as useful heat, for industrial
processes or district heating, the power plant is referred to as a cogeneration power
plant or CHP (combined heat-and-power) plant. In countries where district heating
is common, there are dedicated heat plants called heat-only boiler stations. An
important class of power stations in the Middle East uses by-product heat for
desalination of water.

CLASSIFICATION
By fuel
Nuclear power plants use a nuclear reactor's heat to operate a steam turbine
generator.
Fossil fuelled power plants may also use a steam turbine generator or in the case
of natural gas fired plants may use a combustion turbine.
Geothermal power plants use steam extracted from hot underground rocks.
Renewable energy plants may be fuelled by waste from sugar cane, municipal
solid waste, landfill methane, or other forms of biomass.
In integrated steel mills, blast furnace exhaust gas is a low-cost, although lowenergy density, fuel.
Waste heat from industrial processes is occasionally concentrated enough to use
for power generation, usually in a steam boiler and turbine.

By prime mover

 Steam turbine plants use the dynamic pressure generated by expanding steam to
turn the blades of a turbine. Almost all large non-hydro plants use this system.
Gas turbine plants use the dynamic pressure from flowing gases to directly
operate the turbine. Natural-gas fuelled turbine plants can start rapidly and so are
used to supply "peak" energy during periods of high demand, though at higher cost
than base-loaded plants. These may be comparatively small units, and sometimes
completely unmanned, being remotely operated. This type was pioneered by the
UK, Prince town being the world's first, commissioned in 1959.
Combined cycle plants have both a gas turbine fired by natural gas, and a steam
boiler and steam turbine which use the exhaust gas from the gas turbine to produce
electricity. This greatly increases the overall efficiency of the plant, and many new
base load power plants are combined cycle plants fired by natural gas.
Internal combustion Reciprocating engines are used to provide power for isolated
communities and are frequently used for small cogeneration plants. Hospitals,
office buildings, industrial plants, and other critical facilities also use them to
provide backup power in case of a power outage. These are usually fuelled by
diesel oil, heavy oil, natural gas and landfill gas.
Micro turbines, Sterling engine and internal combustion reciprocating engines are
low cost solutions for using opportunity fuels, such as landfill gas, digester gas
from water treatment plants and waste gas from oil production.

FUNCTIONING

In a thermal power plant, one of coal, oil or natural gas is used to heat the boiler to
convert the water into steam. The steam is used to turn a turbine, which is
connected to a generator. When the turbine turns, electricity is generated and given
as output by the generator, which is then supplied to the consumers through highvoltage power lines.

Process of a Thermal Power Plant

Detailed process of power generation in a thermal power

plant:
1) Water intake: Firstly, water is taken into the boiler through a water source. If
water is available in a plenty in the region, then the source is an open pond or river.
If water is scarce, then it is recycled and the same water is used over and over
again.

2) Boiler heating: The boiler is heated with the help of oil, coal or natural gas.
A furnace is used to heat the fuel and supply the heat produced to the boiler. The
increase in temperature helps in the transformation of water into steam.

3) Steam Turbine: The steam generated in the boiler is sent through a steam
turbine. The turbine has blades that rotate when high velocity steam flows across
them. This rotation of turbine blades is used to generate electricity.

4) Generator: A generator is connected to the steam turbine. When the turbine

rotates, the generator produces electricity which is then passed on to the power
distribution systems.

5) Special mountings: There is some other equipment like the economizer and
air pre-heater.
An economizer uses the heat from the exhaust gases to heat the feed water. An air
pre-heater heats the air sent into the combustion chamber to improve the efficiency
of the combustion process.
6) Ash collection system: There is a separate residue and ash collection system in
place to collect all the waste materials from the combustion process and to prevent
them from escaping into the atmosphere.
Apart from this, there are various other monitoring systems and instruments in
place to keep track of the functioning of all the devices. This prevents any hazards
from taking place in the plant.

OPERATION
Introduction
The operating performance of NTPC has been considerably above the national
average. The availability factor for coal stations has increased from 85.03 % in
1997-98 to 90.09 % in 2006-07, which compares favourably with international
standards. The PLF has increased from 75.2% in 1997-98 to 89.4% during the year
2006-07 which is the highest since the inception of NTPC.

Operation Room of Power Plant

In Badarpur Thermal Power Station, steam is produced and used to spin a turbine
that operates a generator. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam
turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the
steam is condensed in a condenser; this is known as a Rankine cycle. Shown here
is a diagram of a conventional thermal power plant, which uses coal, oil, or natural
gas as fuel to boil water to produce the steam. The electricity generated at the plant
is sent to consumers through high-voltage power lines.
The Badarpur Thermal Power Plant has Steam Turbine-Driven Generators which
has a collective capacity of 705MW.
The fuel being used is Coal which is supplied from the Jharia Coal Field in
Jharkhand.
Water supply is given from the Agra Canal.

Table: Capacity of Badarpur Thermal Power Station, (BTPS) New Delhi

There are basically three main units of a thermal power plant:

1. Steam Generator or Boiler
2. Steam Turbine
3.Electric Generator